专题18动名词-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员 6页

专题 18 动名词 关键词：人称，数，动词原形，辨别差异 难度系数：✱✱✱✱‎ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ ‎1. 动名词可作主语、表语和宾语.‎ ‎2. 可以接动名词做宾语的动词。‎ ‎3. 可以接动名词和不定式做宾语的动词。‎ ‎4. 动名词的时态语态。‎ ‎5. 动名词的习惯用法。‎ 基础必读：‎ 动名词既有名词的性质，也有动词的性质。作名词时，可作主语、表语和宾语；作动词时可有自己的宾语，也可用副词修饰。‎ ‎1.作主语或表语 ‎1) 动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语。在表示比较抽象的经常性行为时，多用动名词；在表示具体某次动作时，特别是将来动作时，用不定式。‎ ‎2) 可以用it代替动名词的句型：‎ It is no use + doing…是没有用的 ‎    It is no good + doing…是没好处的 ‎    It is a waste of time + doing干…是浪费时间 ‎2. 作宾语 ‎1)以下动词需用动名词作宾语：]‎ suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, consider, practise, allow, prefer等。 ]]‎ ‎2）love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, want, need, require, remember, forget, regret, try等词后，既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语。]‎ ‎    (1).love, like, hate, prefer, dislike  表经常性的习惯动作时跟动名词；表某次特定的动作时跟不定式。 ‎ ‎    (2) begin, start, continue]‎ ‎    a.表“有意识”，用人作主语时，后接动名词；表“无意识”，用物作主语时，后接不定式。 ‎ ‎    b.当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面只能跟不定式。 ‎ ‎    c.当这三个词后面所限动词为表示精神状态或心理活动的词时，只能接动词不定式。 ‎ ‎    d. want, need, require 接动名词表示“需要”，物作主语；接不定式表示“想干…”，人作主语。‎ ‎(3). 有的动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但是意思不一样。‎ remember to do sth.记住做某事； remember doing sth．记得做过某事。‎ ‎  forget to do sth.忘记了干某事；forget dong sth. 忘记了是否干过某事。]‎ ‎ regret to do sth.对要做的事表示抱歉；regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。‎ ‎    try to do sth.尽力，努力做某事；try doing sth．试着做某事。‎ ‎  mean to do打算做某事；mean doing意味着做某事。‎ ‎3) 介词宾语 能跟动名词作宾语的短语很多，应掌握的有：insist on, think of, dream of,charge…with, prevent…from, keep…from, stop … from, look forward to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote …to, set about, spend … in, get/be used to, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, be proud of 等。 ‎ ‎3.做定语 作定语时，动名词表功能，表用途；现在分词表动作。‎ ‎4. 动名词的时态语态]‎ ‎ ‎ 主动 被动 一般时态 doing being done 完成式 having  done having        been done ‎    动名词的一般时态，表示其动词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。完成式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 ]‎ ‎5. 动名词的习惯用法 A．There is no + doing…是不可能的]‎ B．feel like+ doing想做…‎ C．go+ doing（doing指运动或游戏）‎ D. can’t help+ doing禁不住 E．be on the point of+ doing正要…，正准备…]‎ F. on/upon++ doing一…就= as soon as…‎ H .have fun/a good time/difficulty/ trouble/a hard time/(in) +doing ‎【技能方法】‎ 动名词是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点，动名词在句中有不同作用，本身有不同的时态和语态，形式上和现在分词一样。导致学生掌握起来较难。掌握动名词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.熟记动名词的语法；2.分析句子成分，找出主谓宾主干；3.判断需要什么成分；4.看是否符合动名词的语法。‎ 解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：‎ 动名词的考查几乎每年都有涉及，一般情况下，主要考查动名词在句中不同的成分，还有省略to的动名词也是常考点。‎ ‎1、动名词的成分。]‎ ‎2、动名词的时态。]‎ ‎3、动名词的语态。‎ ‎4、动名词复合结构。‎ 掌握省略句必须把握好以下原则：]‎ ‎1、判定是否用动名词。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 ‎ ‎2、找动名词的逻辑主语。方法：动名词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 ‎ ‎3、判断主被动关系。方法：动名词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 ]]‎ ‎4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。 ‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎1．(2014·北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．‎ ‎【答案】being recognized]]‎ ‎2．After luckily ________(succeed) in the national college entrance examination，I realized my dream again：after graduation，I became a citizen working in a city.‎ ‎【答案】succeeding ‎【解析】介词after后要用动名词作宾语。]‎ ‎3．Well，it always takes time to consider before ________(make) a decision.‎ ‎【答案】making　‎ ‎【解析】在做决定之前要认真考虑。before是介词，后跟动名词。‎ ‎4．Now，the merchant’s first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as ________(take) care of the household. ‎ ‎【答案】taking]‎ ‎【解析】as well as 连接并列结构，此处要把take名词化。‎ ‎5.---Did you enjoy yourself at the party?]‎ ‎ ---Yes.I appreciated_________.‎ A.to be invited B.to have invited C.being invited D.having invited ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--在晚会上，你玩得痛快吗？--是的，我非常感激被邀请。appreciate欣赏，感激。后跟v-ing形式作宾语。题干中的主语是invite的动作承受者，故用v-ing形式的被动式。故选C。]‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ ‎1．My older brother and I are busy ________(arrange) a trip to Africa.‎ ‎【答案】arranging ‎2．Yes，and there are a lot of points of view when you listen to talk shows.I usually enjoy ________ (listen) to them.‎ ‎【答案】listening来源:]‎ ‎【解析】enjoy doing喜欢做某事。‎ ‎3．We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop ________(smoke)．‎ ‎【答案】smoking ‎【解析】stop to do sth 停下来去做某事；stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情。根据语境可知“我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟”。stop smoking戒烟。‎ ‎4. The soldier narrowly escaped ________in the fierce battle. ‎ A. have killed B. killing C. to be killed D. being killed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查动名词做宾语的用法。句意：这个士兵在激烈的战争中死里逃生。escape doing sth是escape的一种用法，表示“从..中逃脱”，而士兵是逃脱被杀死，，应该填being killed.选D。‎ ‎5. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down, which resulted in the city ______ by land.‎ A. to bury B. to be buried C. being buried D. burying ‎【答案】C ]‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ ‎1．(2015·福建宁德质检)________(devote) to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students.‎ ‎【答案】Being devoted　‎ ‎【解析】句意：正如我们知道的那样，对教学的热爱使得他在学生中很受欢迎。固定表达be devoted to sth献身于，热爱。分析句子结构可知缺少主语，动词短语不可作主语，要变成动名词being devoted to。]‎ ‎2. It was ______ the president's speech that the secretary spent the whole morning at home.]‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. be prepared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：秘书花了整个晚上在家里准备的正是总统的演讲。本题中含有一个强调句型，强调的是句子的宾语preparing the president's speech；在英语中，通常动名词可以在句中做宾语。本句中是一个固定搭配spend some time in doing sth花费时间做某事。故B正确。]]‎ ‎3．(2015·安徽高考)________(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.]‎ ‎【答案】Ignoring ‎【解析】句意：忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。作主语要用动名词形式。‎ ‎4. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?‎ A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be]‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：今年有换届选举的机会是吗？介词of后面接动名词，因为是there be句型，there是逻辑主语，be动词用动名词。选A。‎ ‎5．(2015·辽宁瓦房店高级中学考前模拟)Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as ________(take) a bus.‎ ‎【答案】taking