黑龙江省实验中学2020届高三英语冲刺仿真模拟训练试题十六 14页

黑龙江省实验中学2020高三冲刺模拟训练试题十六 第一部分：阅读理解 (共两节，40分)‎ 第一节：（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. ‎ Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?‎ People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.‎ Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.‎ The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. ‎ Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans. ‎ The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. ‎ Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. ‎ Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. ‎ ‎1. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?‎ A. Places where people lived. B. People’s characters.‎ C. Talents that people possessed. D. People’s occupations.‎ ‎2. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.‎ ‎ A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals ‎ C. made kitchen tools or containers. D. built houses and furniture.‎ ‎3. Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________.‎ ‎ A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard Carter C. George Longstreet D.Donald Greenwood ‎ ‎ B ‎ A Simple Lesson ‎“Another bad day at school?” my father asked as I came into the room. ‎ ‎“How could you tell? I didn’t shut the door heavily or anything,” I replied. Over the past two months I had either done this or thrown my backpack across the room every time I came home from school. Papa thinks it has something to do with moving to a new house. ‎ ‎“I know this move has been hard on you. Leaving your friends and cousins behind is tough,” Papa said, as he put his arm around my shoulder. “What you must remember is that, with a lot of hard work and some time, you will make new friends.” ‎ ‎“You don’t know how hard it is. This year my baseball team would have won the championship. They won’t even give me a chance to pitch (投球) here. All I get to play is right ‎ field, and that’s the worst!” ‎ Papa turned toward me. “Things will get better, I promise you. Let me ask you, do you know why you were named David Lorenzo?” ‎ ‎“Yes, your name is David and grandfather’s name is Lorenzo.” ‎ ‎“Very good, and what makes your grandfather so important?” ‎ ‎“He was the first in the family to come to this country and all that,” I answered. ‎ ‎“That is only partly correct. Your grandfather was a very great man. In Mexico, he had been a teacher. When he came to America he could only get low-paid labor jobs because he didn’t speak the language. It took him two years before he spoke English well enough to be allowed to teach here, but he did it. He never complained because he knew change could be difficult. Did he ever tell you that?” my father asked. ‎ I looked down at my feet, ashamed at my behavior. “No. That must have been hard,” I said sheepishly. ‎ ‎“Your grandfather taught me that if you let people see your talent, they will accept you for who you are. I want you to always remember what my father taught me, even if it takes a few years for people to see who you are,” said Papa. ‎ All I could say was, “Okay.” Then I asked, “What should I do now?” ‎ Laughing, Papa said, “How about you pitch a few to me? You need some work.” ‎ ‎4. Why was the author unhappy that day? ‎ ‎ A. Because he moved to a new country. ‎ ‎ B. Because his baseball team lost the game.‎ ‎ C. Because he wasn’t offered a chance to pitch.‎ ‎ D. Because he quarreled with his friends at school.‎ ‎5. The father successfully changed his son’s mood by ________.‎ ‎ A. asking him to train harder B. playing baseball with him ‎ C. telling his grandfather’s story D. introducing him some new friends ‎ ‎6. The underlined word “sheepishly” probably means ________.‎ ‎ A. shyly B. patiently C. clumsily D. cautiously ‎7. What can we infer about the author?‎ ‎ A. He thinks his father lives in the past. ‎ ‎ B. He’d rather live with his grandfather.‎ ‎ C. He will continue to dislike school and everything.‎ D. He will try his best to adapt to the new environment.‎ C ‎ They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. With little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday, calculated the precise track that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history—making moonwalk, let it return to Earth.‎ Yet throughout Mrs. Johnson’s 33 years in NASA and for decades afterwards, almost no one knew her name.‎ Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred strictly educated, supremely capable yet largely unrecognized women who, well before the modern feminist movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. But it was not only her sex that kept her long unsung. For some years at midcentury, the black women were subjected to a double segregation (隔离)：They were kept separate from the much large group of white women who in turn were segregated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers.‎ Mrs. Johnson broke barriers at NASA. In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of black women who served as mathematicians for the space agency. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film Hidden Figures, which was nominated for three Oscars, including best picture.‎ In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor. That year, The Washington Post described her as “the most high- profile of the computers”—“computers” being the term originally used to describe Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” were used in the 19th century to represent professional typists.‎ She “helped our nation enlarge the frontiers of space,” NASA’s administrator, Jim Bridenstine, said in a statement on Monday, “even as she made huge steps that also opened doors for women and people of color in the universal human quest to explore space.”‎ As Mrs. Johnson herself was fond of saying, her term at Langley—from 1953 until her retirement in 1986—was “a time when computers wore skirts.”‎ ‎8. What is the function of the first paragraph?‎ A. To present the Apollo moon mission. B. To stress Mrs. Johnson’s contributions C. To honour Neil Armstrong’s moonwalk. D. To mourn a great woman—Mrs. Johnson.‎ ‎9. Which of the following was the toughest thing Mrs. Johnson had to overcome?‎ A. The difference between male and females in this field.‎ B. People’s not recognizing her talent.‎ C. Inequality in gender and race.‎ D. The hardships before the modern feminist movement.‎ ‎10. Why were Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues described as “computers”?‎ A. Because they used computers to keep their work secret.‎ B. Because they were the agency’s human calculators.‎ C. Because computer systems engaged them deeply.‎ D. Because they calculate precisely using computers.‎ ‎11. What can we learn from Mrs. Johnson’s experience?‎ A. Don’t judge a person by his appearance. B. The world awaits our discovery.‎ C. Use knowledge to wipe out ignorance. D. Never be limited by the labels attached by others.‎ D Black Box ‎ You never see them, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you're going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to resist almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic (漫画) book.They're e ‎ When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best method for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine(潜水艇) discovered its homing signal five days later, it marked a huge step toward determining the cause of the disaster in which 152 passengers were killed.‎ ‎ In 1958. Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all US commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to resist crashes, however, so in 1965 it was completely redesigned. That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to be easier to see.‎ ‎ Modem airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help experts reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. The boxes can resist powerful force and temperatures up to 2,OOOoF. They're also able to send out signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447 , which crashed near Brazil on June 1 , 2009 , are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.‎ ‎12. What can we leam about the black box from the passage?‎ ‎ A. It helps an airplane function normally. B. Its ability to avoid disasters is amazing.‎ ‎ C. It is necessary equipment on an airplane. D. The idea for its design comes from a comic book.‎ ‎13. From the black box on the Yemeni airliner we can get information about _____.‎ ‎ A. the scene of the crash and the damage B. data for analyzing the cause of the crash ‎ C. the total number of passengers on board D. homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash ‎14. The Federal Aviation Authority required the black boxes be painted orange or yellow to ‎ A. make them easily identified ‎ B. meet the international standards ‎ C. caution people to handle them with care ‎ D. distinguish them from the color of the plane ‎15. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?‎ ‎ A. They have stopped sending homing signals.‎ ‎ B. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.‎ ‎ C. There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.‎ ‎ D. There is still a good chance of their being recovered.‎ 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ How to prepare a lecture ‎ Being invited to give a lecture is an honor．It means that people regard you as an authority on a given field, subject, or issue．It means you are worth listening to． 16 You have to make sure your lecture is interesting, and full of wisdom, from which the audience can take valuable insights．This is why it is important for you to prepare your lecture well．‎ ‎ 1．Think of a good topic．‎ ‎ You most likely will be assigned to talk about a certain topic．If that's the case, you only need to make an outline and do some research．But in some cases, you will have to think of your own ‎ topic．Although it gives you more freedom to do it, thinking of a topic can be tricky． 17 Or pick a topic that is timely and socially relevant．‎ ‎ 2．Make an outline for the lecture．‎ ‎ Start by listing down the points that you will discuss, and then fill in each point with subpoints．If necessary, make a research about your topic． 18 But if in so doing you end up with a very long outline, figure how you can shorten the topic or cut where cutting is needed．‎ ‎3． 19 ‎ ‎ Statistics, figures, medical information, historical accounts, and similar information should all be checked and it will save your credibility as an authority on the subject you are talking about．‎ ‎4．Add humor．‎ ‎ Don't engage your audience in a dragging soliloquy （独白）． 20 Humor will interest your audience．Of course, make sure the elements in your lecture are in line with your main topic and are not nonsense, racial, and offensive jokes．‎ ‎ A．Check your lecture for accuracy．‎ ‎ B．Giving a lecture is challenging, though．‎ ‎ C．If necessary, provide your contact information, such as an email address or blog site．‎ ‎ D．Instead, make your audience smile, or burst into laughter at certain points in your discussion．‎ ‎ E．To make it easier, consider what will interest your audience．‎ ‎ F．It should summarize your whole talk in one sentence．‎ ‎ G．Don't be afraid of exploring the topic, as this will allow you to discover other points that need discussion．‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：完形填空 (共20小题，每小题.1.5分, 满分30分) ‎ 阅读下面短文。从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Every fast-food employee knows that the drive-through window is the worst position. The window sticks with constant ice; the roar of engines hurts your 21 ; your words are lost in the howling wind.‎ On a 22 afternoon, everything changed.‎ Every once in a while, the sub-zero temperatures seal a 23 ‎ windows shut. Drivers don’t exactly enjoy having to stand outside in the cold, 24 their orders ‎ into a speaker box, when they expect to drive through on their heated leather seats. In such cases, most customers tend to show their annoyance to the employees.‎ This woman was 25 .‎ ‎“I’ll get the next car’s 26 as well,” she said as she came up to the window to pay. She stood outside, 27 much snow on her hair. Though she was obviously freezing, her bright ‎ 28 lit up her face like a fire.‎ ‎“You can’t 29 their drinks,” I said, confused and tired. ‎ ‎“No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “Pay it forward and all that.”‎ Completely puzzled, I charged her as 30 , and when the next customer arrived at the window I explained what had just happened. I watched as his 31 changed — first angry to be out in the cold, then 32 at the random act of kindness, and finally, delighted by his ‎ 33 .‎ ‎“I suppose I’ll pay for the next order then,” he replied, nodding and waving at the impatient driver 34 him. He 35 over the cash and received his pre-paid hot drink.‎ The trend continued. Customers arrived annoyed, only to leave 36 and pleased. Some ‎ were shocked to spend much more than they had expected, 37 others ended up receiving their order for less than half the price.‎ Five vehicles passed, then ten, then twenty. No one refused to pay. Customers stood at my window 38 a fist-full of change to buy drinks for a complete stranger. Cars drove off, honking (鸣笛) and 39 their thanks.‎ It only takes one customer, one person, to change the entire 40 of traffic. It only takes one moment, one smile, to warm up even the coldest of days.‎ ‎21. A. ears B. hands C. feet D. back ‎22. A. freezing B. sunny C. warm D. usual ‎23. A. truck’s B. vehicle’s C. car’s D. lorry’s ‎24. A. offering B. throwing C. screaming D. cancelling ‎25. A. polite B. angry C. popular D. different ‎26. A. number B. coffee C. fee D. order ‎27. A. covering B. increasing C. gathering D. falling ‎28. A. eyes B. smile C. hair D. annoyance ‎29. A. pay B. take C. buy D. give ‎30. A. instructed B. requested C. directed D. suggested ‎31. A. gesture B. expression C. figure D. feeling ‎32. A. inspired B. upset C. surprised D. disappointed ‎33. A. turn B. chance C. deed D. luck ‎34. A. beyond B. before C. beside D. behind ‎35. A. took B. looked C. handed D. thought ‎36. A. shy B. calm C. anxious D. regretful ‎37. A. while B. since C. as D. unless ‎38. A. putting B. emptying C. laying D. holding ‎39. A. explaining B. sending C. introducing D. casting ‎40. A. jam B. row C. flow D. line 第二节 语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ It’s time to reconsider food. Around the globe, food problems threaten wildlife, wild places and the planet itself. Today, 7.3 billion people consume 1.6 times 41 the earth’s natural resources can supply. By 2050, the world’s population will reach 9 billion and the demand for food will double. ‎ So how do we produce more food for more people without 42 (expand) the land and water already in use? We can’t double the amount of food. 43 (fortunate), we don’t have to—we just have to double the amount of food available now instead. 44 short, we must freeze the footprint of food. ‎ In the near-term, food production is enough 45 (provide) for all, but it doesn’t reach everyone who needs it. About 1.3 billion tons of food 46 (waste) each year—four times the amount 47 (need) to feed the more than 800 million people who are 48 (hunger). ‎ By improving efficiency and productivity while reducing waste and shifting consumption 49 (pattern), we can produce enough food for everyone by 2050 on roughly 50 same amount of land we use now. ‎ 第三部分：写作 （共两节， 满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题。每小题1分，计10分）‎ 短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加﹑删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用（﹨）划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。注意1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Christine was just a girl in one of my class. I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. She didn’t talk many. Her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer. She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her. Like the rest of my classmate, I didn’t really want to get closest to her. It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信息不明确（箭头所指内容）。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。‎ ‎    注意：1. 词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。‎ ‎          2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎          3. 参考词汇：牛津——Oxford    费用——fee Dear Sir/Madame,‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 参考答案 ‎1—20 BCD CCAD BCBD CBAD BEGAD ‎21—40 AABCD DCBBB BCDDC BABBC ‎41what; 42expanding; 43Fortunately; 44In; 45to provide ‎46is wasted; 47needed; 48hungry; 49patterns; 50 the 改错 for/ ‎ many—much ‎ worn—wore ‎ although—even attractively—attractive seemed—seemed to ‎ classmate—classmates ‎ closest—close their—our ‎ begin--began 作文 I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.‎ As a student at Oxford University， I’d like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge， does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food?‎ How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day， I’d like to know the time to return. Besides， is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores in London.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua