【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：特色重组练六 7页

特色重组练六 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Throwing a plastic spoon or fork into the trash after using it once is fashionable. In India, about 120 billion pieces of plastic cutlery (餐具) end up in the garbage each year. But that may change soon thanks to Narayana Peesapaty, the founder of Bakey's, which transforms ordinary cutlery into delicious treats.‎ The company's first product is a spoon. Made of sorghum (高粱), rice and wheat flour, the spoon has a shelf life of up to three years and can be used for both eating and serving food. Thanks to its primary ingredient sorghum, the spoon is able to resist anything from hot soups to frozen desserts for about 15－20 minutes.‎ Tasting like sugar, the spoons are a delicious treat. However, even those who do not wish to consume the spoon won't feel sorry about throwing them away. That's because unlike plastic spoons, Bakey's spoons decompose (分解) within 5－6 days. ‎ Apart from this, Peesapaty said that the reason for selecting sorghum was that the climatesmart hardy grain required fewer nutrients and water to grow. As a result, Bakey's spoons use far fewer resources than the more popular alternatives. Peesapaty said that as his product became more popular, he hoped to encourage more farmers to switch to growing sorghum instead of rice which requires 60 times the amount of water!‎ Peesapaty, who has sold over 1.5 million spoons since he started Bakey's in 2011, has two main challenges—bringing the production costs down so that the price of the spoons is as affordable as plastic spoons and also setting up an international distribution system so that they can be made available globally. The company also hopes to expand their offerings to additional cutlery items like forks and chopsticks.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。印度一家公司发明了可食用的餐具，人们可以在吃完饭后再把餐具吃掉。‎ ‎1．What can we learn about the edible spoon from the passage?‎ A．It has been on sale for almost eight years.‎ B．It can resist anything for 5－6 minutes.‎ C．It can break down within 15－20 days.‎ D．It tastes sour and spicy.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，可食用餐具是在2011年上市的，到现在为止大约八年了。‎ ‎2．Sorghum is chosen as the main ingredient for the spoon because ________.‎ A．it is stronger B．it is more energysaving C．it tastes better D．it is easy to break down 答案：B　细节理解题。由第四段前两句可知，高粱成为备选材料的原因是它更节约资源。‎ ‎3．What's Peesapaty's attitude towards the edible spoon?‎ A．Satisfied. B．Suspected.‎ C．Hopeful. D．Uncertain.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Peesapaty想在全球推广这种可食用勺，并制造可食用叉子和筷子。由此可推知，他们对可食用勺的前景是充满希望的。‎ ‎4．What can we infer about the company from the last paragraph?‎ A．Its spoons have brought in great profits.‎ B．There is still a long way to go for it.‎ C．It determines to make forks and chopsticks.‎ D．Average people can't afford its products.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Peesapaty的公司依然面临着两大挑战，故此公司任重而道远。‎ ‎　‎ ingredient n. 原料；要素　resist v. 抵抗；忍耐，忍住　alternative n. 供替代的选择 ‎　‎ 第四段第三句：Peesapaty said that as his product became more popular, he hoped to encourage more farmers to switch to growing sorghum instead of rice which requires 60 times the amount of water!‎ 译文：Peesapaty说，随着他的产品越来越受欢迎，他希望鼓励更多的农民转向种植高粱，而不是种植需要60倍水量的大米！‎ 分析：这是一个复合句，said后面是that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中as引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词rice。60 times the amount of “60倍的……量”。‎ B ‎(2019·中央民族大学附中月考)Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity (长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the ‎ American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.‎ The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Longliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic (同情的) and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their ways.‎ Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.‎ Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.‎ Personality isn't destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究结果表明：长寿不只是与身体健康有关，而且与心理健康紧密相连，乐观开朗的性格促成健康长寿。‎ ‎5．The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ________.‎ A．to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life B．to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their health C．to see whether people's personality affects their life span D．to examine all the factors contributing to longevity 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，该期刊的研究目的是要发现性格是否会影响一个人的寿命，故选C。‎ ‎6．What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?‎ A．They are more likely to get over hardship.‎ B．They are better at negotiating an agreement.‎ C．They generally appear more resourceful.‎ D．They have a good understanding of evolution.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times”可知，作者认为性格外向并有同情心的人更容易克服困难，故选A。‎ ‎7．What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?‎ A．Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.‎ B．Easygoing people can also live a relatively long life.‎ C．Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.‎ D．Such personality characteristics as selfdiscipline have no effect on longevity.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old”可知，这项研究的发现中多少有些出乎人们意料的是自律等人格特征对长寿没有影响，故选D。‎ ‎8．What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?‎ A．Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span.‎ B．Health is in large part related to one's lifestyle.‎ C．Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.‎ D．Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.”可知，长寿不仅与一个人的身体健康有关，而且与其心理健康也有很大关系，故选D。‎ ‎　‎ moderate adj. 适度的；温和的　characteristics n. 特点；特征　evolutionary adj. 进化的 ‎　‎ 第二段第五句：Those who were more selfdisciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.‎ 译文：比如，那些更自律的人也不再被认为可以活得更久。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰those，for instance作插入语。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Good news for the masses! New research from Stockholm‎ ‎University shows that ‎ sleeping in on the weekend is __1__ (actual) very healthy! A 13year study that followed the sleeping habits of 43,880 people __2__ (find) that for whoever lacks sleep during the workweek, sleeping in on the weekends can, in fact, be __3__ (benefit)．‎ The research, __4__ (publish) in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that those __5__ either don't get enough sleep during the week __6__ don't compensate for it on the weekend had a 52 percent increased rate of death. However, this is only true of middleaged adults and adolescents. For __7__ (senior), the study did not find the ill effects of lack of sleep to be true.‎ The best thing we can do for our health is to sleep 7－8 hours a night. However, based on the Karolinska Institute's new study, when a full __8__ (night) sleep is not an option, __9__ (compensate) on other nights will, in fact, benefit you. Getting adequate sleep is associated with a lot of health benefits.‎ So go ahead and turn your alarm clock off this weekend, you now have a great excuse __10__ that extra shuteye.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现周末睡懒觉对身体有好处，建议我们周末可以多睡一会儿。‎ ‎1．actually　考查词性转换。用副词actually修饰后面的形容词very healthy。‎ ‎2．finds　考查主谓一致和动词的时态。该句主语是A 13year study，是第三人称单数；同时陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。‎ ‎3．beneficial　考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处在be动词后，用形容词作表语。‎ ‎4．published　考查非谓语动词。此处表示发表在一本杂志上的研究成果，表示被动意义，所以用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎5．who　考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是those，指代人，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用who引导定语从句。‎ ‎6．or　考查固定搭配。either ... or ... 是固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”。‎ ‎7．seniors　考查名词。与前面的名词“middleaged adults and adolescents”相对应，所以用复数。‎ ‎8．night's　考查名词。a full night's sleep “一整晚的睡眠”。‎ ‎9．compensating　考查非谓语动词。compensating on other nights 在句中是动名词短语用作主语。‎ ‎10．for　考查介词。此处表示对于多睡一会儿你有相当充分的理由。excuse ‎ for ... “……的理由”。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Last summer, my parents told me to visit my grandparents in faraway village. I agreed unwillingly because in my memory the village was so dirty that I really didn't want to go here. But I have to. After 5 hours drive, we arrived at the destination. To my surprise, when I got off the car I hardly recognized it because the road was so clean. The air was fresh than that in my city. Then we found ourselves surrounding by a group of my grandparents' friendly neighbours, welcoming them back home. I thought that when I graduated from college, I would to build a nursing home in such a beautiful village, which the elderly could be taken good care for.‎ 答案：‎ Last summer, my parents told me to visit my grandparents in faraway village. I agreed unwillingly as in my memory the village was so dirty that I really didn't want to go . But I to. After 5 drive, we arrived at the destination. To my surprise, when I got off the car I hardly recognized it because the road was so clean. The air was than that in my city. Then we found ourselves by a group of my grandparents' friendly neighbours, welcoming back home. I thought that when I graduated from college, I would build a nursing home in such a beautiful village, the elderly could be taken good care .‎ ‎1.faraway前加a　考查冠词。village是可数名词，此处泛指“一个遥远的乡村”，前面用不定冠词a。‎ ‎2.here→there　考查副词。表示去另外一个地方用there。‎ ‎3.have→had　考查动词的时态。描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。‎ ‎4.hours→hours'　考查名词。作定语修饰后面的名词drive，要用名词所有格。‎ ‎5.fresh→fresher　考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知要用比较级。‎ ‎6.surrounding→surrounded　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“我们被围住”，为被动关系，所以用过去分词。‎ ‎7.them→us　考查代词。此处指代的是我和父母，故用us。‎ ‎8.去掉to　考查情态动词。would后面直接跟动词原形。‎ ‎9.which→where或在which前加in　考查定语从句的引导词。从句中不缺少主语或宾语，先行词是指代地点的名词，所以用where或者in which引导定语从句。‎ ‎10.for→of　考查介词。take care of “关心，照料”，是固定短语。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jerry对中国文化很感兴趣，询问你假期是否有相关安排。请写信告诉他，除了完成作业，你打算参加太极(T'ai Chi)俱乐部。内容包括：‎ ‎1.假期安排；‎ ‎2.参加俱乐部的原因；‎ ‎3.邀请加入。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[精彩范文]‎ Dear_Jim，‎ How is everything going? I'm glad to hear from you, learning that you're interested in Chinese culture and eager to know what I plan to do during the summer holidays. Now I'd like to share with you the detailed information.‎ As scheduled, besides finishing my homework carefully, I am supposed to join in a T'ai Chi club, which is also your favorite. Do you want to know why I will join this club? The reasons are as follows. To start with, playing T'ai Chi can keep me fit. What's more, I can make a lot of friends of common interest. Last but not least, I can spread our T'ai Chi culture better to others in future.‎ What do you think of it? Hopefully, you can join us in playing T'ai Chi. If you want to have more information, please let me know. I'm looking forward to your participation.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua