云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态C 11页

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态C 高考语法填空：侧重时态和语态C A. 虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法 虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were)‎ would/should/could/might do If he were here, he might be able to help.‎ What would you do if you were in his place？‎ 与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might have done If I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ 与将来事实相反 过去式 were to do/‎ should do would/should/could/might do If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.‎ I would certainly go if I had time.‎ ‎1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：‎ Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.‎ ‎2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：‎ I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.‎ ‎3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：‎ If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.‎ 二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气 这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。‎ ‎①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.‎ 简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。‎ ‎②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.‎ 她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。‎ 三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 If only/It's (high) time (that)．..‎ wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。‎ ‎①I wish I could fly.‎ 真希望我能飞。‎ ‎②I would rather you came tomorrow.‎ 我宁愿你明天来。‎ ‎③If only I had taken your advice!‎ 要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！‎ （1） 主谓一致 主谓一致的考察只能体现为对be动词或原形三单的考察 A. 两个常考原则 ‎1）就近原则 这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …等.例如： ‎ ‎　　Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. ‎ ‎　　不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任. ‎ ‎　　Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧. ‎ ‎　　Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts. ‎ ‎　　不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会. ‎ ‎　　Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. ‎ ‎　　他全家人和他都不知道那件事. ‎ ‎2）就远原则 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, together with, with等引导的词组时，谓语动词这些词与前面的主语保持一致。‎ Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price. ‎ ‎　　最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了. ‎ ‎　　The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊. ‎ ‎　　The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊. ‎ ‎　　The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night. ‎ ‎　　昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了. ‎ A. 并列主语的主谓一致 ‎1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：‎ Tom and Jack were close friends.‎ 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。‎ ‎2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：‎ The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.‎ 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。‎ ‎3．被every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。如：‎ Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.‎ 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。‎ ‎4．一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：‎ What he says and does do not agree.‎ 他言行不一致。‎ Simple and plain living is a fine quality.‎ 生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。‎ English and American literature are appealing to her.‎ 英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。‎ ‎5．由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：‎ What he says and does does not concern me.‎ 他的言行与我无关。‎ ‎6．由or, nor, either...or，neither...nor, not only...but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：‎ One or two friends are coming this evening.‎ 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。‎ Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.‎ 我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。‎ ‎7．“单数名词＋with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。 如：‎ Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening flight.‎ 史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。‎ Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.‎ 除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里。‎ A. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 ‎1．集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience, crowd, government, committee等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：‎ The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.‎ 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。‎ The class are doing experiments.‎ 全班学生正在做实验。‎ ‎2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：‎ Your glasses are very nice.‎ 你的眼镜很漂亮。‎ This pair of trousers is mine.‎ 这条裤子是我的。‎ A. 数词与量词作主语的主谓一致 ‎1．表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ Twenty years is a long time in one's life.‎ ‎20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。‎ ‎2．分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：‎ About one third of the books are worth reading.‎ 这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。‎ ‎3．有“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。如：‎ This new type of buses is on show.‎ 这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。‎ All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.‎ 必须克服各种各样的困难。‎ ‎4．如果主语由“many a/more than one＋单数名词”构成，谓语动词常用单数。如：‎ Many a page in this book is missing.‎ 这本书缺了许多页。‎ ‎5．a quantity of及quantities of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词；a quantity of...作主语时谓语动词的单数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而quantities of...作主语时谓语总用复数形式。如：‎ With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.‎ ‎＝With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.‎ 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。‎ A. 从句中的主谓一致 在用it作形式主语的句子中和在用it构成的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。如：‎ It isn't obvious which route would be the best.‎ 哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。‎ It was he who taught us English last year.‎ 去年是他教我们英语。(强调句型)‎ 选练题 语法填空。 (2016·南昌二模)‎ I want to talk about Miss Smith,a history teacher I had at secondary school 1.　　　　　　 I was about 15.Most of the teachers I had were OK,2.　　　　　　 they gave the feeling that it was just a job.It seemed that Miss Smith really 3.　　　　　　(love) teaching history. ‎ One of the 4.　　　　　　(good) things about her lessons was that we didn’t always have to study in an ordinary way.For example,rather than write an article for homework,usually we were allowed 5.(work) with a friend to write an imaginary dialogue between two historical 6.(figure).Then we could perform it for the class. ‎ I think Miss Smith influenced me in two important ways.Firstly,she made me 7.　　　　　　　　(interest) in history.Now I still read books on history and watch TV programs about it when I get the chance.8.　　　　　　　(second),she showed me how a teacher can use the students’ own creativity to help them learn.Instead 9. just being a kind of audience for lessons,we were involved in 10.(decide) what happened in the lessons. ‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同,总是让课堂充满乐趣,并布置学生喜欢的作业,从而赢得了学生的爱戴。‎ ‎1.when　考查连词。根据语境可知,史密斯老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。‎ ‎2.but　考查连词。根据空格前的were OK及下文中的it was just a job可知,作者的大部分老师都很好,但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作,空格前后表示转折。故填but。‎ ‎3.loved　考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。‎ ‎4.best　考查形容词的最高级。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个”。根据语境可知,此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。‎ ‎5.to work　考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to work。‎ ‎6.figures　考查名词复数。根据空格前的“two”可知,此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。‎ ‎7.interested　考查词性转换。“make sb.+形容词”意为“使某人……”,‎ 此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interested。‎ ‎8.Secondly　考查词性转换。根据上文中的“Firstly”可知,此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎9.of　考查介词。instead of意为“代替,而不是”。故填of。‎ ‎10.deciding　考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动词-ing形式。故填deciding。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ If you’re tired of the Mediterranean and don’t want to head to Disney again, perhaps it’s time for a summer holiday in space. Russia has declared plans for its first floating hotel, 217 miles above earth, and it is something of an offering with good service. ‎ Hosting just seven guests in a four cabins, the accommodation will boast huge windows with views back to earth and tasty microwave meals will be served instead of the ones often used by astronauts. ‎ Just getting there will be an adventure in itself—it will take two days aboard a Soyuz rocket—and it won’t exactly be a budget holiday: A five-day stay will cost you￡100, 000 to￡500, 000 for your journey. The hotel is due to open by 2016 and, according to those behind it, will be far more comfortable than the International Space Station (ISS) used by astronauts and cosmonauts. ‎ In the weightlessness of space, visitors can choose to have beds that are either vertical(垂直的) or horizontal. Tourists, who will be accompanied by experienced crew, will dine on food prepared on Earth and sent up on the rocket, to be reheated in microwave ovens. Many kinds of delicacies will be available. ‎ Iced tea, mineral water and fruit juices will be available, but alcohol will be strictly prohibited. Toilets will use flowing air instead of water to move waste through the system. Waste water will be recycled. ‎ Sergei Kostenko, chief executive of Orbital Technologies which will construct the hotel, said: “Our planned module inside will not remind you of the International Space Station. A hotel should be comfortable inside, and it will be possible to look at the Earth. The hotel will be aimed at wealthy individuals and people working for private companies who want to do research in space.” The hotel can also be used as an emergency bolthole (避难处) for astronauts aboard the International Space Station if there is a crisis. ‎ ‎1. Which can be the best title of the passage? ‎ A. Russia declares the design for its first space hotel ‎ B. The first space hotel is under construction now ‎ C. The astronauts will have a second home in space ‎ D. Russia has the advanced technology in exploring space ‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “budget” in the 3rd paragraph mean? ‎ A. expensive B. worthwhile C. economic D. uncomfortable ‎ ‎3. What kind of accommodation will the guests have in the space hotel? ‎ A. They will have the same food as the astronauts have. ‎ B. Many kinds of drinks are available including alcohol. ‎ C. Guests can have beds that are either vertical or horizontal. ‎ D. Tourists are accompanied by the astronauts from the ISS. ‎ ‎4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? ‎ A. The space hotel is built to remind you of the International Space Station. ‎ B. The hotel is constructed with big windows so that tourists can see the earth. ‎ C. The company, Orbital Technologies, has already begun to build the space hotel. ‎ D. In the near future, a space trip for most of the people can be realized. ‎ 参考答案1—4、ACCB ‎