北京市房山区2019届高三二模英语试题 26页

房山区2019年高考第二次模拟测试 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ A Our cat was ready to give birth to her kittens. My son was curious and excited to see the birth of these new babies. The event took place yesterday. The cat ___1___(give) birth to one kitten by the time he arrived home from school. He was so amazed at ___2___ he saw. When the second was on its way, the mother cat began to yell very loudly. I saw tears in my son’s eyes because he learned about the pain of giving birth.‎ ‎【答案】1. had given ‎ ‎2. what ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲儿子看猫妈妈生小猫的事。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查时态。根据短语“by the time he arrived home from school”可知，此处应该用过去完成时，give的过去完成时形式是had given。故填had given。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，需要填连词；saw缺少宾语，且根据文意看见的应该是猫生宝宝的事情，故用指物的连词what。故填what。‎ ‎【点睛】by the time引导时间状语从句时，它对应的主句一般用完成时形式，例如第1小题：‎ The cat ________(give) birth to one kitten by the time he arrived home from school. 时间状语从句by the time he arrived home from school是一般过去时，故主句用过去完成时，give过去完成时形式是had given，故填had given。‎ B Dave Tally has no home and few possessions. So, when he discovered an abandoned backpack ___3___$‎3,300 in it last week, the temptation (诱惑) to keep the money for ___4___ (he) must have been unbelievable. But he turned the money into the Tempe Community Action Agency, ___5___he volunteers. The organization found the source of the cash: a student who had planned to use the money ___6___ (buy) a used car. The student was grateful to have the money ___7___(return). And word spread about Tally’s good deed.‎ ‎【答案】3. with ‎ ‎4. himself 5. where ‎ ‎6. to buy 7. returned ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Dave Tally拾金不昧的行为。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用介词，且表达“有”意义的介词是with。故填with。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查反身代词。由介词for可推出此处应该用代词宾格或反身代词，又因本句主语为he，根据主语和宾语为同一人时，宾语用反身代词可知，此处应该用he的反身代词himself。故填himself。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少状语，用关系副词连接，先行词是the Tempe Community Action Agency，指地点，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故用关系副词where。故填where。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：这个组织查明了钱的主人是一个学生，这个学生原本打算用这些钱买一辆二手车。分析句子结构可知，此处要用非谓语动词；根据句意，花钱的目的是买二手车，表目的用不定式。故填to buy。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：钱被还回来让这个学生很高兴。分析句子结构可知，此处要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，return的逻辑主语money 和它之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填returned。‎ ‎【点睛】本题第5空考查过去分词作宾补，在此结构中宾语与宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的被动关系，所以宾语补足语由及物动词的过去分词充当。‎ The student was grateful to have the money ___5___(return).这个学生很感激他的钱被还回来了。‎ 句中money和return在逻辑上是被动关系，故用returned作为money的宾语补足语。‎ C The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival. It usually ___8___ (fall) in October. In a mysterious book Yi Jing in ancient time, number ___9___ （think）to be “Yang”, ___10___（mean）positive. Because the 9th day of the 9th lunar month is pronounced as “Jiu Jiu” in Chinese, which means “forever”, the Chinese ancestors considered it a lucky day worth celebration. That’s why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival.‎ ‎【答案】8. falls ‎ ‎9. was thought ‎ ‎10. meaning ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重阳节的相关知识。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查时态。根据“usually”可知，此句用一般现在时，且主语时it第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式。故填falls。‎ ‎9题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。根据“In a mysterious book Yi Jing in ancient time”（古时候一本神秘的书-易经）可知，此处用一般过去时，且主语number和谓语动词think之间是被动关系。故用被动语态的一般过去时形式 was/ were done。故填was thought。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是用分词作伴随状语，动作mean的逻辑主语是number，逻辑主语发出这个动作，表主动，所以用现在分词。故填meaning。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ The Power of Kindness Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible—by baking them cakes and pies. The 99-year-old man from Hastings, Nebraska, ___11___ his wife in 2012. They had been together for 72 years.‎ Since his wife passed away, Kellner took up ___12___as a way to give back to the community. “I didn’t know what to do with myself ,” Kellner said. “I was ___13___ all the time, and I thought I’d better do something that could make me get out of the ___14___and be good to the community as well, and that’s how it started.”‎ That first year, Kellner made 144 pies for people in need. He ___15___ community organizations to let them know he’d like to connect with families having a ___16___ time. Kellner then started reaching out to those families, getting to know them, and baking up some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need.‎ What he did made him ___17___ known around the communities. And whenever people met him, they showed their ___18___ to him.‎ ‎“I regard everybody as a ___19___— I love everybody even people that gave me an unpleasant time when things were going hard for me.‎ Born in 1918, Kellner lived ____20____ the Great Depression, when his family lost their farm. Kellner had to move from state to state as a teenager looking for possible ____21____ on farms to make a living. “I knew what it was to be ____22____ , and a lot of times we just had vegetables and flour mixed up together;” he said. “So as long as I can do it, I will lend a helping hand.”‎ And Kellner’s made quite a/an ____23____ . “I’ve got friends from all over,” he said. “I've gotten thank-you cards from Alaska”. Through his baking, Kellner has helped the ____24____ a lot.‎ ‎____25____ is powerful. Children begin to learn to cook so they can spread ____26____ just as he does. Kellner believes that this interest to give to everyone just might be the secret to a long, ____27____ life.‎ Life constantly presents us with opportunities to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a ____28____ . And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the ____29____ for us too. Kindness is also a kind of noble cycle. It twice blessed; it blesses him who ‎ ‎____30____ , and him who receives.‎ ‎11. A. married B. left C. lost D. abandoned ‎12. A. teaching B. trading C. acting D. baking ‎13. A. changing B. crying C. wandering D. complaining ‎14. A. danger B. difficulty C. sadness D. anxiety ‎15. A. contacted B. attended C. studied D. established ‎16. A. peaceful B. hard C. boring D. relaxing ‎17. A. widely B. rarely C. partly D. hardly ‎18. A. expectation B. address C. mercy D. respect ‎19. A. friend B. student C. partner D. neighbor ‎20. A. through B. with C. on D. by ‎21. A. relatives B. schools C. work D. fortune ‎22. A. famous B. poor C. popular D. lonely ‎23. A. confusion B. influence C. trust D. chaos ‎24. A. farm B. country C. organization D. community ‎25. A. Appearance B. Confidence C. Encouragement D. Kindness ‎26. A. news B. idea C. love D. knowledge ‎27. A. happy B. noisy C. crazy D. busy ‎28. A. deal B. wish C. career D. difference ‎29. A. easier B. better C. healthier D. steadier ‎30. A. deserves B. waits C. gives D. qualifies ‎【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B ‎ ‎ 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫Leo Kellner的老人为了走出失去妻子的痛苦，开始为社区里需要帮助的人做蛋糕之类的甜点。他的行为不仅帮助了有需要的人，也帮自己走出阴霾。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自Hastings的老人再2012年失去了他的妻子。A. married嫁，娶；B. left离开，留下；C. lost失去；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文中的 “pass away”(去世)可知，老人的妻子去世了，所以他失去了妻子。故选C项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从妻子去世，他就把送烘培食品当作是回报社区的方法。A. teaching教书；B. trading贸易；C. acting表演；D. baking烘焙。根据文章第一自然段第一句“Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible—by baking them cakes and pies.”（Kellner 喜欢用这种最甜美的方式帮助别人-为他们做烤蛋糕和派）可知，空格处应该用bake。故选D项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是在哭，我想我得做些事情来让自己走出阴霾。A. changing改变；B. crying哭；C. wandering想；D. complaining抱怨。根据常识可知，亲人去世是使人伤心的事，对于年事已高的老人来说更是如此。此处用“cry”符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：做一些事情让我走出痛苦，并且对社区有益。A. danger 危险B. difficulty困难；C. sadness悲伤；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上下文可知，妻子去世让老人很痛苦。故选C项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系社区相关组织让它们知晓他想去拜访那些有困难的家庭。A. contacted联系；B. attended参加；C. studied学习；D. established建立。根据语言表达习惯可知，此处应该用“联系/告知/通知组织”，BCD项和文意不符合。故选A项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想去帮助生活有困难的家庭。A. peaceful和平的；B. hard困难的；C. boring无聊的；D. relaxing令人放松的。根据下文中“baking up some lovely cakes and ‎ pies during their time of need.”（在他们有需要的时候为他们做蛋糕和派）可知，老人帮助的是生活艰辛的家庭。故选B项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他所做的让他在社区变得很出名。A. widely广泛地；B. rarely极少地；C. partly部分；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“And whenever people met him, they showed their ___8___ to him.（无论何时人们遇到他，都会向他表达敬意）”可知，老人通过帮助有需要的人，在社区变得很出名，“widely known”（广泛被认识）可以表达出名，符合语义。故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. expectation期待；B. address地址；C. mercy同情；D. respect尊重。根据上下文可知，老人帮助别人，所以得到了大家的尊重。故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把每个人都当作是我的朋友。A. friend朋友；B. student学生；C. partner 搭档；D. neighbor邻居。根据文意可知，老人是善良的人，所以把周围的人都当作朋友，这样符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：生于1918年，Lellner经历了大萧条时期，那时他家失去了自己的农场。A. （live）through活过，经历过；B. （live）with忍受；C. （live）on靠…过活；D. （live） by以…为生。根据句意可知，此处应该是老人及一家经历了大萧条时期。故选A项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个孩子Lellner不得不辗转于各州之间，期待能在农场找到工作，以此谋生。A. relatives亲人；B. schools学校；C. work工作；D. fortune财富，运气。根据下文可知，想要在那个特殊时期“make a living”(谋生)，就不得不找工作。故选C项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明白穷意味着什么，很多时候我们都只能把蔬菜和面粉混合在一起吃。A. famous著名的；B. poor穷的；C. popular流行的；D. lonely孤独的。根据前文可知，在大萧条时期他们失去了自己的农场，当时还是孩子的作者也不得不出去工作，说明生活很拮据。故选B项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Lellner给周围的人带来了正面积极的影响。A. confusion困惑；B. influence影响；C. trust信任；D. chaos混乱。根据下文“Children begin to learn to cook so they can spread ___16___ just as he does.”（孩子们学着老人做食物，这样他们就可以把爱传递）可知，老人的行为影响了大家。故选B项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过烘培，他已经为这个社区做出了很大的贡献。A. farm农场；B. country国家；C. organization组织；D. community社区。根据文章大意可知，Lellner主要帮助的社区里有困难的人。故选D项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：善良是有影响力的。A. Appearance外貌；B. Confidence信心；C. Encouragement鼓励；D. Kindness善良。根据本文标题可知，此处用“kindness”起点题作用。故选D项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可以像他一样把爱传播。A. news新闻；B. idea注意；C. love爱；D. knowledge知识。联系上下文可知，孩子们学做食物的主要目的是帮助他人，而帮助他人就是对他人的爱和关心。故选C项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lellner认为乐于助人的爱好可能就是活得久，活得开心的秘诀。A. happy幸福的；B. noisy吵闹的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. busy繁忙的。联系上下文可知，老人非常愿意帮助他人，而且乐在其中；且本文从头到尾都在讲帮助他人的积极影响，所以此处应该选择一个符合语境的词。故选A项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活总是会给我们机会多走一步，或者做能影响他人的善举。A. deal待遇，协议；B. wish愿望；C. career职业；D. difference影响。联系上下文可知，此处用 “make a difference”呼应前文的“influence”。故选D项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最绝妙的事情是，当我们帮助他人的时候我们自己有了更好的改变。A. easier更容易的；B. better更好的；C. healthier更健康的；D. steadier更稳定的。根据下文的“It twice blessed”（它是双倍的祝福）可知，“双倍祝福”‎ 是指，帮助他人不仅对他人有好处，于自己也是有好处的，B项中的better符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它祝福给予帮助的人，也祝福受到帮助的人。A. deserves值得；B. waits等待；C. gives给；D. qualifies合格。根据句意可知，此处应该选择一个和“receive”相对的词。故选C项。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The World’s Best Hearing Aid Value Under $200, the Doctor’s Choice for Advanced Hearing Aid Technology How can a hearing aid cost less than $200?‎ When you buy a hearing aid, be sure to choose a pair that every bit of it is as good as one that sells for $2500 or more.‎ Although great progress has been made in Advanced Hearing Aid Technology, those cost reductions or falls in prices have not passed on to you—Until Now.‎ The MDHearingAid PRO has been carefully tested by leading ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) physicians and audiologists (听力学家) who have totally agreed that the sound quality and output in many cases is better than more expensive hearing aids.‎ Since Medicare and most private insurance do not cover hearing aids, ENT surgeon Dr. Cherukuri designed a game—changing solution without sacrificing the quality of components that you can actually afford.‎ ‎“ I recommend them to my patients with hearing loss. ”‎ ‎—Amy S.Audiologist Indiana ‎“ I have had this aid two days and all I can say is WOW! ”‎ ‎—Terrsa H.,Grove,NJ ‎“It is so much better than the $3000 hearing aid I had been using for years.”‎ ‎—Robert C. South Bend The fact is, you don’t need to pay high prices for a medical-grade FDA registered hearing aid, MDHearingAid PRO is a high performance hearing aid that works right out of the box with no time-consuming “adjustment” appointments. You can conveniently access a hearing specialist online or by phone—even after the sale. No other company provides such extensive support. Over 75000 satisfied customers agree. Now that you know, why pay more?‎ Try it at home within our 45-Day Risk-Free Trail (免费试用).‎ If you are not completely satisfied, simply return it within that time period and we will give back your money for a 100% of your purchase price.‎ ‎800-475-7618‎ Use Code: DB91‎ For a year supply of Free Batteries and Free Shipping GetMDHearingAid.com ‎31. What is special about the advertised Hearing Aid?‎ A. It is cheaper compared with other hearing aids.‎ B. It has been tested by physicians and audiologists.‎ C. It is helpful for the people who have hearing problems.‎ D. It is of the best quality and the most advanced technology.‎ ‎32. This advertisement is made more believable by _______.‎ A. providing real data B. using recommendations C. offering reasons for the invention D. showing the results of the experiments ‎33. If you are dissatisfied with the product, you can _______.‎ A. contact with the surgeon in person B. make a phone call to complain about it C. get all your money back within 45 days D. visit the website to consult the information ‎【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一则广告。文章推荐了一种助听器，它的价格便宜，但效果超越其它同类产品。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一和第二自然段提到的“less than $‎200”‎可知，广告里所提到的助听器的最大特点是便宜。故选A项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。从文章中所引用的三个人的话：“ I recommend them to my patients with hearing loss. ”—Amy S.Audiologist （Amy S.Audiologist-我把他们推荐给我有听力问题的病人）；“ I have had this aid two days and all I can say is WOW! ”—Terrsa H.,Grove,NJ（Terrsa-我已经用了助听器两天，它太棒了）；“It is so much better than the $3000 hearing aid I had been using for years.”—Robert C. South Bend（Robert-它比我那用了好几年的3000美元的助听器要好的多）可判断出，正是他们的推荐和评价让广告看起来更真实可信。故选B项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章中“Try it at home within our 45-Day Risk-Free Trail (免费试用).‎ If you are not completely satisfied, simply return it within that time period and we will give back your money for a 100% of your purchase price.”（免费试用45天，在此期间如果不满意可退还全部款项）可知，45天内退还助听器可以得到全部退款。故选C项。‎ B High-Wire Act Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain only a few seconds when he heard the scream. Wilson, 28 years old, had just gotten off the cable car (索道缆车) at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the cable car ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the lift, he had disappeared. The men walked toward the source of the scream and found skiers stopped on the slope, pointing to the cable car. And then the friends screamed too.‎ ‎“Oh, Richard!” yelled Mueller.‎ When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been caught in the chair,‎ ‎ which then dragged him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack belt twisted around his neck, making him breathless. Now Richard’s body was swinging four feet above the snow. The cable car operator had quickly stopped it, and the friends kicked off their skis and ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid to try to reach Richard, but the unconscious man was too far off the ground. With the clock ticking, Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower. Scared skiers watched as he struggled the 25 feet. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to climb onto the two-inch steel cable that held the chairs. He handled the balance and height bravely, but he knew he could not walk on the cable. Therefore, he calmed down and sat over it and then used his hands to pull himself to Richard quickly. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach Richard. “This was life or death,” he said.‎ When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.‎ Fortunately, the ski patrol (巡查) had gathered below and performed emergency treatment on Richard, who had been hanging for about five minutes, then skied him down to an ambulance.‎ That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.‎ ‎34. What happened to Richard when he tried to jump off the cable car?‎ A. He was sick and became unconscious.‎ B. He left his skis which stopped the cable car.‎ C. He was too afraid to move forward in the cable car.‎ D. He was caught by the neck, hanging down the cable.‎ ‎35. How did Richard survive?‎ A. People worked together and saved him.‎ B. Wilson climbed on the cable and saved him.‎ C. The ski patrol got him down and treated him.‎ D. Skiers treated him and carried him to the hospital.‎ ‎36. The author wrote the fourth paragraph to show that _______.‎ A. the rescue process was dangerous B. something was wrong with the cable car C. Wilson could manage the process very well D. the operator of the cable car ignored his duty ‎37. The story at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area mainly tells us ______.‎ A. it is very dangerous to go skiing B. he that climbs high often falls heavily C. bravery and calm can help you make a difference D. a person with a great talent always has great will-power ‎【答案】34. D 35. A 36. A 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Mickey Wilson和他两个朋友乘坐索道缆车上山的过程中，其中一个朋友出了事故。在那个万分紧急的时刻Mickey Wilson奋不顾身地去救人。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段前两句话“When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been …swinging four feet above the snow”可知，背包带缠住了Richard的脖子把他悬在半空，也让他呼吸困难。故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.（那天晚上，Richard从医院打电话表达对Wilson，其他朋友和Arapahoe Basin Ski Area的工作人员感谢）可知，Wilson，other friends 和workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area都对他施以援手,是他们的共同努力救了他。故选A项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.（当威尔逊触到理查德的椅子时，他把一条腿甩过缆绳，试图跳到上面。但是当他那样做的时候，他的夹克被活动脚踏板给挂住了。脚踏板在上面，然后挂着威尔逊开始向下滑。但他及时让自己摆脱困境，够到了理查德）这段主要描述了Wilson 救人的经过，且场面惊险，稍有不慎可能威尔逊自己也会受伤，所以这段描写主要突出救人的危险。故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，Wilson能在那个危急时刻去求Richard表现他的勇敢；在5分钟内能想到可行的方法，说明Richard处乱不惊，沉着冷静。综上所述，面临危险勇敢，冷静才能化险为夷。故选C项。‎ C Loud cheers and applause broke out at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab on Monday, November 25, 2018, as the unmanned lander, called Insight, touched down on Mars, after nearly seven years from design to launch to landing.‎ The great arrival of the spacecraft—designed to listen for quakes and shakes as a way to discover the Red Planet’s inner secrets, how it formed billions of years ago and, how other planets like Earth took shape—marked the eighth successful landing on Mars in Nasa’s history.‎ Minutes after InSight landed on the surface of Mars, the first image was sent back, showing a wide flat area as seen through a dirty camera.‎ The touchdown came after a nearly seven-month, 300 million-mile travel from Earth to Mars, during which the InSight spacecraft had to slow down from a speed of more than ‎12,000 mph. The spacecraft’s heat shelter helped the lander survive temperatures as high as ‎2,700℉‎.‎ Each step along the way was watched nervously at JPL, with updates delayed by the eight-minute light travel time between Earth and Mars. Mission controllers hugged each other with joy when the signals were received. “We are proud of everything that has gone on today,” they told us reporters.‎ The first picture of the surface of Mars was sent back to Earth by one of the MarCO nanosatellites (马可纳米卫星) that accompanied InSight during its travel to Mars. The dust from the landing made the view unclear. Pictures from it were expected to be clearer once the dust settled and the lens cover (镜头盖) was removed.‎ Hours later, InSight’s batteries were charging as expected. The InSight team also passed on another picture, taken by a different camera that’s fixed on the lander’s robotic arm. The view is clearer, showing the robotic arm and the seismometer, which is used to discover the actual movement of the ground.‎ ‎38. What do we know about InSight lander from the passage?‎ A. It has landed successfully on Mars eight times.‎ B. It travelled all the way at the speed of ‎12,000 mph.‎ C. Mission controllers helped it survive high temperature.‎ D. The task of it is to find out the inner mysteries of Mars.‎ ‎39. We know what Mars looks like by _______.‎ A. studying pictures InSight lander sends back B. reading reports sent back by the person on Mars C. collecting images sent back by MarCO nanosatellites D. analyzing information the robot on InSight lander sends back ‎40. How did the mission controllers feel when they received signals from Insight?‎ A. Unconcerned. B. Worried.‎ C. Amazed. D. Excited.‎ ‎41. The passage is most probably taken from _______.‎ A. a fiction novel B. a news report C. a travel magazine D. an official statement ‎【答案】38. D 39. C 40. D 41. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国航天总局的InSight登陆和探测火星的相关情况。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段中“The great arrival of the spacecraft—designed to listen for quakes and shakes as a way to discover the Red Planet’s inner secrets,”可知，设计Insight的主要目的是探测火星的内部秘密。故选D项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二自然段第一句“The first picture of the surface of Mars was sent back to Earth by one of the MarCO nanosatellites (马可纳米卫星) that accompanied InSight during its travel to Mars.”可知，马克纳米卫星能够把拍摄火星的照片传回地球，通过照片我们就可以知道火星的外表。故选C项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Mission controllers hugged each other with joy when the ‎ signals were received.（当收到来自Insight的信号时，任务控制员们都高兴地抱在一起）可知接收到信号时任务控制人员很高兴。故选D项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了美国航天总局的Insight登陆和探测火星的相关情况，所以可以推断出它最有可能是出自选项中的“a news report”（新闻报道）。故选B项。‎ D The latest data from the Office for National Statistics shows that one in every 12 kids is living in homes where no one has worked for at least a year. That may be due to unemployment or issues such as sickness or disability that mean they can’t work, and aren’t required to. This is known as being in a “long term workless” family.‎ The issues faced by children in workless families have very bad influence on their development and education, limiting their future employment prospects, and reducing their opportunities to succeed throughout their lives.‎ Not only does worklessness reduce family income, it can also damage families’ health and stability, and thus destroy children’s development. This is because many workless families are held back by disadvantages such as debt, drug and alcohol dependency, and by homelessness. Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outcomes of their parents. Government research has shown that children in workless families are almost twice as likely not to reach the expected level at all stages of their education. For example, three-quarters of children from families where no one works failed to reach the expected level at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), compared to around half of children in lower-income working families.‎ So attention should be paid to children in out-of-work homes. Having working parents means a child is more likely to do better at school, to have better health, education and development, and also means they are less likely to fall into crime.‎ But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm. They just choose not to work. These families often face huge barriers to getting on with their lives but they take the opportunities offered by the society. Parents’ ability to work is frustrated by issues like low skills or poor mental or physical health, or drug and alcohol dependency, leaving children without the ‎ stability they need.‎ We all want to help workless families with complex problems so that their children can take advantage of the opportunities in Britain. We all want parents to have the chance to go out to earn a living and to enjoy the pleasure of work, so that their children can benefit from the good examples of working parents. In doing so, we should know the need to understand the complex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root causes are not financial. It is about helping families overcome the problems they face so that they can go as far as their talents and hard work will take them. We shouldn’t retreat from acting to deal with disadvantages, because we know the costs of inaction to individuals, communities and society.‎ ‎42. According to the author, children in workless families may _______.‎ A. have better performance at school B. take chances to go out to earn a living C. be more able to deal with their problems D. live the same lifestyles that their parents had ‎43. The underlined word “norm” in the fifth paragraph probably means _______.‎ A. a huge barrier B. a turning point C. a typical standard D. an unusual event ‎44. In the last paragraph the author mainly talked about _______.‎ A. raising of social welfare B. solutions to the problems C. development of the society D. reforming of the government ‎45. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.‎ A. introduce a study on children in workless families B. appeal to the readers to help children in workless families C. present a new approach to deal with poverty of workless families D. compare children’s performances in workless families and low-income ones ‎【答案】42. D 43. C 44. B 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要就家庭成员没有工作的状况会给孩子在学习，就业和生活上带来负面影响这一问题进行了讨论。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段中“Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outcomes of their parents.”（很多遭遇家庭孩子更有可能重蹈父母的覆辙）可知，这些孩子很有可能过和父母一样的生活。故选D项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm.（但是对于一些家庭来说，失业和不就业是一个典型的例子。）联系上文可知，一般的失业家庭是因为疾病，就业压力等外部原因。但此处提到的家庭是“they just choose not work”自己选择不工作,所以这种家庭是典型例子。故选C项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据本段的 In doing so, we should know the need to understand the complex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root causes are not financial. It is about helping families overcome the problems they face so that they can go as far as their talents and hard work will take them（在这样做的时候，我们应该知道有必要了解一些家庭面临的复杂问题，并制定一种处理贫穷问题的新办法。因为根本原因不是经济原因。它是帮助家庭克服他们所面临的问题，使他们能够尽其所能地发挥他们的才能并努力工作。可知，本段主要讲帮助那些失业家庭的方法。故选B项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章前面叙述“无就业”家庭给孩子带来的伤害，以及最后一段的内容，尤其是前两句We all want to help workless families with complex problems so that their children can take advantage of the opportunities in Britain. We all want parents to have the chance to go out to earn a living and to enjoy the pleasure of work, so that their children can benefit from the good examples of working parents.（我们想要帮助情况复杂的“无就业”家庭，这样他们的孩子就可以利用在英国的机会。我们想要父母出去挣钱，享受工作的乐趣，这样孩子也可以从父母的榜样中受益）表达了想帮助这些家庭的强烈愿望，和殷切希望。所以短文的目的是呼吁读者帮助无就业家庭的孩子。故选B项。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Sleep Patterns and Health Troubles When Carol Gee turned 55, she made a new friend: ‎4 a.m. In the past, she usually slept through it. ___46___ She’s not the only older adult to have the same experience. In 2017, a national vote conducted by the University of Michigan found that 46 percent of adults 65 and older have trouble falling asleep on a regular basis.‎ ‎ ___47___Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to heal. And sleep patterns shift, too. The most noticeable — and often most annoying — changes are how sleep and wake-up times change and sleep gets lighter, often beginning in middle age. This can come as news to many, says Michael V. Vitiello, a psychologist at the University of Washington who specializes in sleep in aging.‎ Studies have found that poor sleep can have a particular threat to older adults. ___48___ ‎ Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide risk are among the impacts of sleepless issues in this population group that researchers have found.‎ As with changes in sleep architecture and timing, scientists are still unsure why those risk associations exist. Kristine Yaffe, a neuropsychiatrist (神经精神病学家) at the University of California’s San Francisco School of Medicine who specializes in dementia, warns that there are more questions than answers when it comes to dementia and sleep. He found that if people have dementia, they tend not to sleep well. Do sleep problems actually lead to dementia?‎ ‎___49___‎ What is clear is the association between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. But sleep quantity didn’t show the same effects. And therein, experts say, may lie the key to understanding sleep as you age. If you’re sleeping less, but don’t feel negative effects out of bed, the changes you notice may just be normal age-related.‎ Your bedtime pattern changes as you age, is that a sign of trouble? ___50___ “A lot of older adults recognize that they don’t sleep the same as they did when they were 18, but they can still function and they’re OK. And all is well with the universe.”‎ A. Researchers think it’s hard to say.‎ B. But recently it has become her new wake-up time.‎ C. Over time, Vitiello says, sleep patterns simply change.‎ D. Statistics indicate that restless night is bad to our health.‎ E. As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways.‎ F. Too much work and pressure in life often cause you to wake up earlier.‎ G. Changes in the brain can be associated with a number of types of dementia.‎ ‎【答案】46. B 47. E ‎ ‎48. D 49. A ‎ ‎50. C ‎【解析】‎ 这一篇议论文。文章主要就睡眠模式会影响健康进行了讨论。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据上文中“In the past, she usually slept through it.”（在过去，她通常四点之后才醒）可知在讲过去的事情，那么下句接“But recently it has become her new wake-up time”（但是最近，她醒来的时间通常在4点之前）可知此句讲现在的事情。这样前后搭配符合逻辑。故选B项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据上文内容可知，第一自然段讲早起的现象，那么接着讲“Too much work and pressure in life often cause you to wake up earlier.”（太多的工作和压力造成你早起），这是早起的原因。这样上下文搭配符合逻辑。故选E项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据上文的“Studies have found that poor sleep can have a particular threat to older adults.”（研究表明睡眠质量不好会对年长者有很大的影响）可知，此处讲睡眠差造成的影响。而D项也讲研究发现睡眠差对健康的影响。前后两句话的结构相似，内容相似，且符合文意。故选D项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 联系上下文“Do sleep problems actually lead to dementia?___4___What is clear is the association between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults.”(睡眠问题真的会导致痴呆吗？科学家们认为这很难说清楚。但是明确的是睡眠好的老人身体也很好)可知，上文提问，下文回答，尽管没有明确的答案，但上下文联系起来符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据上文中的“Your bedtime pattern changes as you age, is that a sign of trouble?”（随着年龄的增长你的睡眠模式改变了，这是个问题吗？）接下句“Over time, Vitiello says, sleep patterns simply change.”（Vitiello说随着时间流逝睡眠模式当然会发生改变），这两句谈论的都是年龄增长和睡眠模式，是同一个话题，符合逻辑和语境。故选C项。‎ 第三部分：书面表达 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是李华，端午节即将来临，请给你的英国教师Jim写封信，邀请他来你家过端午节。‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎1、发出邀请；‎ ‎2、节日计划；‎ ‎3、希望他来。‎ 注意：1、词数不少于50；2、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear teacher,‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Sincerely yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear teacher,‎ The Dragon Boat Festival is around the corner. I know you are keen on Chinese culture, so I'm writing to invite you to spend the festival together with our family on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar. If you are willing to come, my father and I will pick you up where you live at 9 o’clock that morning. We will make and enjoy Zong zi together. My mother will tell you more customs about the festival. I guess it will be a really nice opportunity for you to learn about this ‎ festival so we do hope you can come. ‎ We look forward to your coming.‎ Sincerely yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，邀请老师吉姆到家里过端午节，并介绍节日的相关计划和安排。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时 结构：分分总 分分法是指先分别陈述，再作总结。‎ 要求：1.表明写信目的 ‎ ‎2. 介绍节日计划和安排 ‎1）介绍端午节的相关情况，比如时间，意义，活动等 ‎2）介绍节日计划，比如包粽子，看赛龙舟等 ‎3.表达殷切盼望 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）‎ around the corner/be keen on/ spend …with/ be willing to/ pick up /look forward to/invite sb to do 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. The Dragon Boat Festival is around the corner. ‎ ‎2. I know you are keen on Chinese culture.‎ ‎3. I'm writing to invite you to spend the festival together with our family .‎ ‎4. If you are willing to come, my father and I will pick you up.‎ ‎5. We will make and enjoy Zong zi together. ‎ ‎6. We look forward to your coming.‎ 第四步：连句成篇（添加衔接词或从句）‎ ‎1. I know you are keen on Chinese culture, so I'm writing to invite you to spend the festival together with our family on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese calendar. ‎ ‎2. If you are willing to come, my father and I will pick you up where you live at 9 o’clock that morning. ‎ ‎3. We will make and enjoy Zong zi together. My mother will tell you more customs about the festival. ‎ ‎4. I guess it will be a really nice opportunity for you to learn about this festival so we do hope you can come. ‎ ‎5. We look forward to your coming.‎ 第五步：润色 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：my father and I will pick you up where you live at 9 o’clock that morning.句中的where引导地点状语从句。也用了一些固定搭配，例如：around the corner/be keen on/ spend …with/ be willing to等。作者写作的条理很清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述上周你去爷爷奶奶家看到的农村的变化。‎ 注意：词数不少于60；‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】These years has witnessed massive changes in the countryside of China, which has brought great differences to people’s life.‎ Last weekend, we went to see my grandparents in the countryside by car. On the way, the beautiful scenery made us refreshed and fell in love with the countryside immediately. ‎ Arriving at the entrance to the village, we were impressed a lot by the newly built two-storey buildings and the neat park with fitness equipment. How shocking it was to see so many great changes in such a short time!‎ My grandfather lived in a new house with trees and gardens on both sides and they also brought the modern world to their home. Sitting in the sofa, my grandfather showed me the pictures of the old house, telling me how the changes had taken place.‎ Before leaving, my father took a photo of our family with the new house acting as the background.‎ I’m sure that, benefiting from the good policies of our country, people in the countryside will achieve more fruits of vision and action.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 着是一篇图画作文，要求考生根据图片提示内容写一篇周记，周记的主要内容是在爷爷奶奶家看到的农村变化。‎ ‎【详解】本文分为三个大的部分。第一部分：引入话题。第二部分：用自己的话自然地描写图片所提示内容。第三部分：总结和表达感想。其中最主要的时第二部分。第二部分分为四个自然段。第一自然段叙述在路上的见闻；第二自然段叙述在村口的见闻；第三自然段叙述爷爷奶奶和家里的情况；第四自然段叙述准备离开时的情景。‎ 在写的过程中，要注意图片上提示的每个内容都要提到，但详略要得当。‎ ‎【点睛】范文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如： witnessed, massive changes, refreshed, were impressed a lot by等高级词汇；非限制性定语which has brought great differences to people’s life；伴随状语Arriving at the entrance to the village；感叹句How ‎ shocking it was to see so many great changes in such a short time!等高级句式。‎