高考英语试题分类汇编-阅读理解解析+读写任务+完形填空专题复习 66页

高考英语试题分类汇编 阅读理解解析+读写任务+完形填空专题复习 阅读理解题形讲与练(附参考答案) 一、考查形式 阅读理解是高考英语试卷中的语言运用题，旨在检查高中生在阅读中的语感：特别是在阅读过程中获 取和处理信息的能力。 《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力： 1，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意： 2．了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节： 3．根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义： 4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系： 5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申： 6．正确领会作者的观点和态度。 二、考查内容 阅读理解常考的题材： 发展报告，农业报告，经济报告．环境报告，科学报告，教育报告，健康报 告，新闻科学，自然灾害，医学(如瘟疫等疾病)，战争，旅游、交通，人物传记、人物特写，故事，探索， 语言、语言掌故，音乐、体育与娱乐，文学、艺术，历史、考古、文物出土，英语国家的文化习俗、人口、 地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。 三、基本题形以及解题技巧 1. 基本题型及题形特征 基 本 题 型 及 题 形 特 征 主旨大意 题 主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括 标题、主题、中心思想或目的大意等； 细节理解 题 主要考察考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。这一题型常 见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题；； 推理判断 题 主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗 示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强 的高层次阅读理解题； 判断词义 题 主要考察考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义能力。要求从句子结 构、段落、文章中推断或根据构词法推断词义。 2. 四大题形的解题技巧 1）细节理解题解题技能 常见的命题方式有： （1）特殊疑问句形式。以 when，where。what．which．who，how much, many 等疑问词开头引出的 问题： （2）以是非题的形式。true / false. not true/ false 或 EXCEPT： （3）以 According to…开头提问方式： （4）以填空题的形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised___________. （5）就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取"带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性 词语，然后以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫 读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除： 2) 细节题干扰项有如下几个特点： (1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)符合常识，但不是文章内容： (3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动： (4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正确，一半错误： 细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有 的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语， 甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。总之，做细节题时要将自己 精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右， 自上而下呈 Z 形扫视，直到找到细节 出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。 2．推理判断题解题技能 这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度， 理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的 基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维．同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 1) 这种问题的提问方式通常有： (1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_______. (2) We can infer from the text that.../What can we learn from...? (3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _______. (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _______. (5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _______. (6) The author mentions the fact that...to show _______ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _______? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。 2) 考生应当注意以下几点： (1) 深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义, 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点： (2) 推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等： (3) 紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像； (4) 把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能 以偏概全、见树不见林。 3．主旨大意题解题技能 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意， 并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在 阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获 取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 1) 主旨大意常见的题干形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _______. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is... (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _______. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 2) 从命题形式上看，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类， (1) 怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 (2) 怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。 3) 主旨大意的解题技巧 (1)主题句定位法 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思 想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小 段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要 表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效 的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况： 开头、中间、结尾。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法 (skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主 题线索和主题信息。 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 方法 特征 正方形 写作法 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生 根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的 方法：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联 系，然后加以归纳形成主题。 正三角 形写作 法 中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发 展主题句所表达的主题思想。即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主 题句则出现在段首的写作方法。主题句一般可在第一句话找到。新闻报道通常 就采用这种写法。 倒三角 形写作 法 主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括 主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性 的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 圆形 写作法 首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题， 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的 重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 菱形 写作法 主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细 节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 (2)文章标题的选择或拟定的解题技巧 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。 它的特点是：浓缩性强，短小精悍，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围 要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩，用词准确、不偏不 离。那么如何选择文章的标题呢? ① 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系： ② 依据文章关键词，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何： ③ 对比四个选项，先排除两个，再比较余下的，要考虑标题是过大还是过小； 要避免下列三种错误： (a)概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)； (b)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)； (c)以事实、细节替代替抽象具体的大意。 4．词义猜测题解题技能 1)四类生词类型： (1) 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义； (2) 合成词、转化词与派生词如 shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect 等； (3) “灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解： (4) 超纲生词。如：《大纲》之外的和熟词新意的生词． 猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义 的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 2)常见的考查形式： (1) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by ______ (2) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______ (3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? (4) What does the unlined word mean? (5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…” ? (6) The word “…” most nearly means ______ 3)常见的猜测词义的方法: (1) 利用构词法 掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable 这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成 un，fore，see， able：其中 see 是词根，fore 是“先，前，预”的含义，un 是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此 unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。 (2)利用同义近义词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生 词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词 and或 or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它 的大致词义。 (3)利用反义词 利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词 hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与 否定等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 (4)利用定义、解释和例证 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。 释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加 以解释说明的方式。 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜 测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as，like，for example，for instance，that is，namely 等。 (5)利用上下文语境 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章 有关。利用 上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近 年来高考考查的热点。 (6)根据语义转折 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though， although，still，but，yet, instead, instead of，however, while，On the contrary, on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another 等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。 四、高考实例 [命题特点] 1．2008 年的阅读理解部分有三篇短文，总阅读量为 1076 个单词(不包括问题及选择项的词数)，总题 量为 15 题，分值为 30 分： 2．阅读理解题有两大变化： (1)选材方面，在保证题材多样性、语言真实性的基础上增加了文学体 裁：(2)在理解问题的设问方面，适当加大了理解的深度，避免考生采用简单的排除法或直接与原文信息匹 配找到答案： 3．阅读理解题内容新颖，体裁多样，题材丰富，时代气息浓厚，渗透现代社会的新观念，选材融知 识性、教育性和趣味性为一体，可读性较强，体现丰富的文化内涵； 4．基本无生词，有些词虽然不在高考英语 3500 词汇的范围内，但属于新教材高频词汇，学生比较熟 悉，如 A 篇的 involve，democratic 等，B 篇的 negative，objective 等，C 篇的 critical，amid；有些词可以通 过构词法知识(合成、前缀、后缀、转化)理解词义，如 A 篇的 hairstyle，adulthood 等．B 篇的 self-image， tricky 等。 C 篇的 undersized．warring presence 等；还有些生词可以通过上下文来猜测其词义，如 B 篇的 It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past．one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself．"flaw"对大多数考生而言是生词，但通过对 or weakness 的理解可以 知道这个单词和 weakness 同义，就不难判断它的含义是“缺点”；有些词虽然为考生所熟悉，但特定的语 境赋予了它们新的含义．考生须根据具体语境方能推知，如 A 篇中的 From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits．“orbit” 在平时的学习中表示“轨道”之意，而这里是“范围”或“圈子”之意。 5．试卷从选材到命题都关注了考生的思维能力。选材时除关注语言的难易、题材、体裁以外，还关 注语言的思维深度，关注现在中学生的认知能力，这一点尤其是在 C 篇中体现明显，考试后学生普遍感觉 有一些题目很难选择答案，与 2008 年高考设题深度加大，迷惑性较强有关。 6．从命题的情况看，2008 年阅读理解题各题型分配与 2007 年对比如下： 年份 细节题 推理题 主旨要义题 猜测词义题 2007 7 6 1 1 2008 7 6 1 1 [能力要求] 1．考生要有快速阅读与筛选信息、获取信息的能力以及作出判断的能力： 2．考生要有归纳全文信息，理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。 3．考生要有深层理解，挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。 4．考生能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义，并且能识别各种题型(细节、推理、主旨、 猜词)和掌握各种题型的解题方法： 5．考生在用英语交流的过程中能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观。 第一节 阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 [试题分析] A Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood. No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.” But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.” Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.” 41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _________. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________. A. more confusion among parents B. new equality between parents and children C.1ess respect for parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents _________. A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 45. The purpose of the passage is to _________. A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent—child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationship D. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the past [文章导读] 代沟是个社会热点话题，文章比较了现在和过去父母与孩子之间关系的差异，指出两者的代沟在逐渐 缩小，不过依然存在，同时指出现在父母和孩子的平等关系也会产生负面影响，如子女对父母的不尊重等； [答案解析] 41．C 词义推测题：由上文(特别是 gap)和下句(特别是 separate orbits)可知，上几代的父母与孩子之间 不仅是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，差异都很大。最大的干 扰项是 distance，文章的确提到 distant relationship，但关系还没有到不同路的地步： 42． D．归纳判断题，由第 1 段首句 dress alike．1isten to the same music 以及 talk about interests both enjoy 等可知，父母与孩子有更多的共同兴趣，表明代沟在渐渐消失：选项 A、B、C 都属于 share interests 的范畴，D 项包括后三项，是最全面的概括： 43．B．细节理解题；第 6 段第 l 句中的 the new equality 就是上文所说的父母与孩子关系的变化：最 大干扰项是 A 和 C，如考生缺乏升华概括能力的话，就容易误选，不管是孩子对父母缺少尊重还是父母间 产生更多的迷惑，都是这种新型的平等关系所产生的“结果”，这里问的是变化是什么，而不是变化的结 果是什么： 44．A. 细节理解题：结合上一段可知，today's parents 就是 60 年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交 流，更加民主，他们应当是顺应这种变化趋势的： 45．B．推断写作目的，由全文内容，特别是由 the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow 等关键词句可知，本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。 B Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍 ) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck! 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 47. According to the passage, our serf-images _________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 49. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. [文章导读] 构建积极的自我形象是进一步增强自信、关爱自己的有效途径之一：文章叙述了建立积极的自我形象 的内容、途径和消除消极自我形象的意义： [答案解析] 46．C. 细节理解题。本题题眼在第 l 段最后一句：关键是理解 If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”： 47. B．细节理解题；由第 2 段中的 Interestingly，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，第 4 段最后一句 But remember，just because you think it doesn't mean it's true 和第 5 段第 l 句 The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far more objective ，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities 可知，很多时候自我形 象是不真实的。 48．D．细节理解题。由第 2 段最后一句 Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world 和文章倒数第 2 句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image 可知。 49．C．主旨大意题：第 l 段最后一句中有 build a positive self-image，第 3 段首句的 the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to...，最后一段的首句 The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to...都是说明如 何构建自我形象的， 50．B．推理判断题：由第 l 段第 4 句中 we're the apple of our parents’eyes...，our Grandmas think we're．．．等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的： C Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“ short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point. It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’ Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s… face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently… .” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own. 51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon inWar and Peace is _________. A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________. A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with 53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration. 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________. A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect 55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings. [文章导读] 小说《战争与和平》中对拿破仑的描述与历史上的人物形象有一定的差异，作者托尔斯泰以历史研究 为基础，用自己的方式对其进行了一定的艺术加工和提炼－51．C细节理解题。由第 1段第 4句 The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy's description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts--but his choice of facts...可知： 作者以选择事实为依据，写出了自己笔下的拿破仑形象：关键句式 not．．．but．．． (不是…… 而是……)，关键词是该句中的 choice 与选项中的 selection 同义： [答案解析] 52．A. 细节理解题：由第 2 段中的 He. not the Tsar，is the one to make the terms 可知：拿破仑很自负， 也说明了他的狂妄自大： 53．D．推理判断题：由文章第 3 段 To have one's ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court 可推知，他认为他轻轻地拉了拉沙皇代表的耳朵，沙皇代表应当 感到最大的光荣和受宠； 由后一句“Well，well，why don't you say anything?'’可推断，他是希望沙皇代 表赞美他、仰慕他： 54．D．推理判断题；第 2 段第 l 句“小说家通过精选某些事实来描写某一人物是表现人物的道德本性 的一种手法”，托尔斯泰用会见沙皇这件事来说明拿破仑是一个权利欲很强的人，特别期望别人对他的尊 重。 55．A. 推断隐含意义。历史上的拿破仑和托尔斯泰笔下的拿破仑有很大的出入，整篇文章也证明了作 家可以根据历史事实创作，但又不必完全忠实于自己对事实的发现，即作者可根据需要进行一定的提炼把 人物丑化或美化。 [解题思路] 1．考生做题时，应在文章中确定几个名词为中心词，如 A 篇可以找到 interests，generation gap， relationship 等为该篇的中心词，B 篇的中心词为 self-image，challenge 等， C 篇的中心词为 description， character 等；然后分析题目考什么(推理、主旨、细节、猜词)，在题干中划出关键词(如 42 题的关键词为 generation gap，disappearing，43 题的关键词为 change，relationship)，带着关键词在原文中快速找原信息 句，用排除法确定准确答案： 2．2008 年很多考生反映读懂了文章却不知道选哪一个，其原因之一是不熟悉相关的命题规律，理不 清解题思路。除考查语篇的基本信息外，设置什么样的干扰项也决定着阅读理解的难度。通常情况下，正 确选项与干扰项之间有以下三种不同的关系，考生要学会分析： 1)干扰项与文章内容相矛盾，正确选项与干扰项为正与误的关系。如 43 题，虽然干扰项的描述都能从 文章找到相同的字眼，但 A 项和 D 项出现在同一段和同一个人话中，描述的是：父母亲对孩子仍然很严格 并具有权威性，但有一个变化，在这个变化中间，父母产生了很多困惑，C 项是指这种新的平等造成孩子 不太尊重父母了，而不是说现在父母和孩子关系变化的内容，故干扰项都是错误的：还有 5l 题和 52 题， 各干扰项与正确答案的信息句意思不符。 2)干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文章中没有相关支持信息，正确选项与干扰项之间为实与虚的关系。 如：44 题、47 题、48 题，每个干扰项虽然都有可能正确，但在文中却找不到相关的支撑点。考生做此类 题时，切忌从文章以外去寻找支持信息，把自己的、某些权威人士的或常识性的观点作为选择的依据。 3)干扰项不仅与文章内容相符。而且在文中可以找到相关的信息支持点，其之所以错误，是因为在某 种程度上偏离了题目要求，这时干扰项与答案之间为正与偏的关系：其具体表现经常是合理与不合理关联、 准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位： 不合理关联就是把文章的深层或表层信息错误地联系在一起：如 55 题最大干扰项是 B，因为有的考生 会受到“……，but the composition is his own”影响而误选 B．在这类题目中，答案所揭示的合理关系多为 隐含的： 不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的深层或表层信息，具体表现为涵盖过宽或过 窄以及视觉错位：如 A 篇的 45 题干扰项 A、C、D 涵盖过窄： 阅读理解题的干扰项可分为三种类型：与文字中内容相矛盾称之为“误”；在文中没有信息支持点称 之为“虚”；不能完全符合题目的要求称之为“偏”：通常情况下，“误”类干扰项错误较明显．也较易辨 别；而“偏”类的干扰项比较难鉴别。为了能迅速准确地排除干扰项并选准答案，考生答题时应按照“误 否?虚否?偏否?”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾。再看在文中有没 有信息支持点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求。经过一级思考即可定论的干扰项，勿须再过多考虑； 而经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项，往往就是正确答案。 五、实战演练 阅读理解专题练习 第 1 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：365 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one that's been organically grown. Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol. The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says "USDA Organic". Does that mean it's better? Safer? More nutritious? Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist. Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. 'h'Conventional vs organic farming The word "organic" refers to the way farmers grow' and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic fainting practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease. Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming: Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth, Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants. Apply insecticides to reduce pests and disease. Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease. Give animals antibiotics ( 抗 生 素 ), growth hormones( 激素) and medications to prevent disease and promote growth, housing Give animals organic feed and allow them access to the outdoors. Use preventive measures -- such as a balanced diet and clean housing － to help minimize disease. * Organic or not? Check the label The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards. These standards regulate how such foods are grown, handled and processed. Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards. Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification. If a food bears a USDA Organic label, it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards. The seal is voluntary, but many organic producers use it. 1. The main purpose of the passage is ________________. A. to promote the sales of organic food B. to inform people organic food is better for their health C. to persuade people to become informed consumers D. to compare conventional and organic foods 2. According to the passage, organic farming is intended to ________________. A. improve the quality of the soil and water B. take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely C. adopt eco-friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals D. prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively 3. According to the passage, the conventionally grown apple ________________. A. costs less but tastes worse than an organic one B. doesn't look the same as an organic one C. has proven itself acceptable by the family D. contains more fat, sodium and cholesterol 4. Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming? A. Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease. B. Using rotted plants as fertilizer to promote plant growth. C. Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth. D. Using pests to reduce insects and disease. 5. From the passage we know the organic certification program ________________. A. is not meant for all producers of produce B. makes it compulsory to attach a USDA Organic label C. sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce D. requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 答案： 本文重点介绍了有机食品的相关情况。 1. D。 主旨大意题。文章首先提到人们在超市面对选择传统食物还是有机食物的困惑，接下来写传统耕 作方式和有机食物的耕作方式的区别，由此可判断本文是对有机食物和非有机食物的对比。 2. C。 推理判断题。根据方框中所给的采用传统种植和养殖方式和有机的种植和养殖方式，可以看出有 机种植和养殖采用的是无污染、不用化学药品等不妨碍生态环境的方法，故 C 正确。 3. C。 细节判断题。根据第一段中的“Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.”可知这两种苹果看起来都 很结实，有光泽，也都是绿色的，故 B 错误，这两种苹果都含有维生素和纤维，都不含有脂肪、 钠和胆固醇，故判断 D错误，根据第二段中的“The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite.”可知虽然传统方式种植的苹果比较便宜，但却符合家人的口味， 故可判断 C 正确。 4. B。 细节判断题。通过方框中对两种种植和养殖的方式进行对比，可以看出用腐烂的植物做肥料是有 机种植的方式，故 B 正确。 5. A。 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到 USDA 为有机食物制定了严格的标准，而传统食物无需达到这些标 准，也就是这个标准是专门为有机食物制定的，故选 A。 阅读理解专题练习 第 2 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：288 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** Alia Sabur, from Northport, N. Y., US, went to college at age 10. And four years later, Sabur became a bachelor of science in. Applied Mathematics summa cum laude（以最优等成绩）from Stony Brook University -- the youngest female in US history to do so. Her education continued at Drexel University, where she earned a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy (哲学博士) in Materials Science and Engineering. With an unlimited future ahead of her, Sabur directed her first career choice to teaching. "I really enjoy teaching," she said. She was three days short of her 19th birthday in February, 2008, when she was hired to become a professor at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history, according to the Guinness' Book of Worm Records, beating the previous record held by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717. Although she doesn't start until next month, Sabur has taken up teaching math and physics courses at Southern University in New Orleans. Sabur is old enough to teach in the city, but not to join her fellow professors in a bar after work. In Korea, where the drinking age is 20, she might have more luck. In traditional Korean culture, children are considered to be 1 year old-when they are born, and add a year to their age every New Year instead of their actual birthday, so in Korea Sabur is considered 20. On top of her unprecedented (空前的) academic achievements, Sabur has a black belt in Tae Kwon Do (跆 拳道黑带 ). She is also a talented clarinet (竖笛 ) player who has performed with musicians like Lang Lang and Smash Mouth. So is there anything Sabur can't do? 6. We can learn from the passage that Sabur is ________. A. America's youngest bachelor of science B. Drexel University's youngest student C. the world'syoungest college professor D. the world's youngest female teacher 7. When Sabur was hired as a professor, her actual age is ________. A. fourteen B. eighteen C. nineteen D. twenty 8. What does the author mean by saying "she might have more luck" (in Paragraph 3)? A. Sabur might be permitted to drink in a Korean bar. B. Sabur would be allowed to attend parties in Korea. C. Sabur is old enough to teach at Konkuk University. D. Sabur is lucky to be hired by Konkuk University. 9. What does the author mainly want to show in the last paragraph? A. Sabur spends little time in study. B. Sabur likes music more thain sports. C. Sabur has her own way to relax. D. Sabur is talented in many ways. 10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Alia Sabur is the youngest female doctor from Stony Brook University. B. Colin Maclaurin has once been the youngest college professor in the world. C. In Korea, Alia Sabur is not allowed to drink for she is still underage. D. Alia Sabur knows anything but Tae Kwon Do. 答案： 美国女孩 Sabur 今年被吉尼斯世界纪录评为世界上最年轻的教授。 6. C。 细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句 This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history ．．．可知，Sabur 是世界上最年轻的大学教授。distinction 在此处的意思是“卓越，殊荣”， 指上一句提到的“Sabur 在差三天 19 岁生日时，被韩国建国大学聘为教授”这一殊荣。 7. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 She was three days short of her 19th birthday ．．． in Seoul, Korea 可知，Sabur 被聘为教授那天，距她的 19 岁生日还差三天，因此，当时她还是 18 岁。 8. A。 句意理解题。根据第三段的 In Korea, where the drinking age is 20 和 in Korea Sabur is considered 20 可知，在韩国 Sabur 可能被允许进入酒吧。第三段最后一句的大意为：根据传统韩国文化，孩子一 出生算一岁，每年过新年的时候就长一岁，不需要等到过生日那天，所以，在韩国 Sabur 被认为是 20 岁。 9. D。 段意理解题。最后一段介绍了 Sabur在其他领域取得的骄人成绩。最后一句 So is there anything Sabur can’t do?表达了作者对 Sabur 多才多艺的赞叹。 10. B。 根据第 2 段 beating the previous record by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717 可以推 断 Colin Maclaurin 曾经是美国吉尼斯世界记录上最年轻的教授。 阅读理解专题练习 第 3 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：326 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history. The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and the thifigs that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes "the one thing we seem to learn from history is that we don't seem to learn from history." Perhaps at least in teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this. A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can- not even understand why we are and where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we should get where we want to be. I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr. if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against the things that he stood for. 11. What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 ? A. Many people aren't clever enough to learn well from the past. B. Many people fail to make good use of history and make the same mistakes. C. Many people feel it hard to understand history. D. Many people have no interest in studying history. 12. In Paragraph 3, the author shows that history is useful because _______________. A. it makes the current political situation go smoothly B. it helps us realize the importance of historical events C. it helps us understand why things are the way they are D. it helps people accept the present situation where they live 13. Some historical figures are mentioned in the last paragraph to show ______________. A. people can be inspired to do good, while also learning to fight against evil B. people may also learn from bad historical figures C. more celebrations should be held to honor their achievements D. today’s people can also achieve what they achieved 14. What would be talked about in the following paragraph? A. How to teach history effectively. B. Some negative reasons for studying history. C. How to get more people to study history. D. Some bad historical figures. 15. The main purpose of this passage is to ____________. A. ins[me the parents to teach their children history B. show the importance of history in politics C. explain the reasons why children study history D. introduce the writer' s own way of teaching history, 答案： 本文主要讲了学习历史的三个主要的正面的原因。一是，以史为鉴，可以从历史中吸取教训。二是，在了 解历史的基础上，更好得了解目前的状况。三是，鼓励人们向伟大的历史人物学习，为社会多做贡献。 11. B。 细节推断题。根据第二段首句可知作者认为学习历史的一个重要的原因是从过去的历史学到东 西，但是不幸的是“我们好像从历史中学到的东西是我们好像并没有从历史中学到东西”这句话 的含义表明，实际上很多人并没有从充分利用好历史的价值，因此作者希望在教授自己的孩子历 史时可以尽一点力量改变这一现状。 12. C。 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context.”可知，如果不了解历史我们就可能不知道当前的政治气候，就不可 能知道我们为什么会成为我们现在的样子等等，因此可以推断学习历史可以让我们知道很多事情 的形成的原因，直到很多事情为什么会是现在的样子。 13. A。 细节推断题。根据“It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself.”这句话可知，作者希望孩子能向历史人物学习，做出伟大的贡献。 14. B。 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.”可知作者在谈完了学习历史的积极的 原因之后，就要在后面的段落中谈论学习历史的一些消极的原因。 15. C。 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的内容可知作者旨在对孩子们学习历史的有益和有害的原因进行说 明。 阅读理解专题练习 第 4 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：341 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** One year, my school report made my parents angry. On Christmas Eve, all the presents were stolen, along with our TV. My parents told me that there were no presents because Santa was very angry with my behavior over the past year. The next year on Christmas Eve I slept downstairs with a plastic sword waiting for Santa to make sure that he didn't steal the new TV. The next morning, when I woke up, I saw Santa standing there. As soon as I saw that there were no presents, I grabbed my plastic sword and ran at him, shouting angrily: "THIEF! THIEF!" Jack When I was young, we always had a specific room for the Christmas tree. My mom never really liked the location, so one year she moved the tree into another room. I was convinced that Santa would not know where the tree was and would get lost in our house. I was worried that he would be mad and put me on the "bad" list and would not give me any gifts because he couldn't find the tree. I came up with the idea to make signs leading from the fireplace to the tree. They said things like: "Tree this way" or "Santa, put the gifts over here." When my big brother saw them he began to laugh his head off. Lucy Does everyone remember going to the mall and sitting on Santa’s lap to have his picture taken at Christmas time? Well, I used to think that if I did that, Santa would get mad because he would have to go all around the world and give every kid the chance to have his picture taken with him. Of course his lap would hurt and he would be very fired. I thought he might keep a copy of the picture and that would be how he decided who would be on his naughty list. My mom couldn't get me onto Santa's lap until she made him promise I wouldn't end up on his naughty list. Lydia 16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Belief in Santa B. The Excitement on Christmas C. Christmas Gifts D. Christmas Celebration 17. The real reason why Jack's TV was taken away is that ______________. A. his parents were too careless B. his parents thought he had watched too much TV C. Santa Claus was not satisfied with Jack’s behavior D. Santa gave the TV to another child as a present 18. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why Lucy didn't want the tree to be moved? A. Santa would not know where the tree was. B. Santa would be angry and would not give her any gifts. C. Her big brother might laugh at her. D. Santa might think she was a "bad" child. 19. We can learn from the third story that _______________. A. Lydia’s mother was very Strict with her B. Lydia believed in Santa when she was young C. Lydia was naughty when she was young D. Lydia liked taking pictures with Santa 20. Why didn't Lydia want to take pictures with Santa? A. She was afraid that Santa would get mad with her. B. She was afraid that Santa would get too tired and hurt himself. C. She disliked the idea that Santa would keep a copy of her picture. D. She feared that she would appear in the Santa's naughty list. 答案： 曾经童真的我们，都相信过圣诞老人的存在，儿时的天真现在想来可能会让大家忍俊不禁，下面就让 我们听听这三个人讲述自己童年时代与圣诞老人的故事…… 16. A。 主旨大意题。三个故事都是关于儿时与圣诞老人的故事，而且三个故事的讲述者在儿时都相信圣 诞老人的存在，所以 A项正确。 17. B。 细节理解题。第二个故事一开始就告诉我们 Jack 在学校的成绩通知书使他父母很生气，所以父 母认为是看电视太多导致成绩下降，在圣诞前夕就把电视藏起来了，却告知 Jack 电视是圣诞老 人对 Jack 上一年的表现不满而被偷走了。 18. C。 细节理解题。哥哥笑是因为他知道世界上根本就没有圣诞老人，看到妹妹天真的行为感到好笑。 所以这个不是让 Lucy 不想让圣诞树移位的原因。 19. B。 细节判断题。由最后一段“My mom couldn’t get me onto Santa’s lap until she made him promise I wouldn’t end up on his naughty list.”可知 Lydia 相信这个世界上有 naughty list 的存在，也相信圣诞老人有把她放到“淘气孩子名单”的权力，那么，很自然，这一切都表明 Lydia 相信这个世界存在圣诞老人。 20. D。 细节理解题。根据 Lydia 的描述可知，Lydia 害怕圣诞老人与她合影后，又不得不走遍全世界和 每一个孩子合影，这样圣诞老人会很累，有可能因此会迁怒于她，把她放到“淘气孩子名单”中， 所以她才不愿意和圣诞老人合影，D 项是最后的结果，也因此是使 Lydia 不愿意和圣诞老人合影 的最根本原因，所以 D 项正确。 阅读理解专题练习 第 5 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：241 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** Some time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn't think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a lot of antique (古董 ) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man wouldn't even look at my chair. The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth, so I decided that my approach must be wrong. I went into the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, "Would you like to buy a chair?" He looked it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?" "Twenty pounds," I said. "OK," he said, "I'll give you twenty pounds." "It's got a slightly broken leg," I said. "Yes, I saw that, it's nothing." Everything was going according to my plan and I was getting excited. "What will you do with it?" I asked. “ Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done." "I'll buy it," I said. "What do you mean? You've just sold it to me." he said. "Yes, I know but I've changed my mind. I'm sorry, but I'll give you twenty-seven pounds for it." "You must be crazy," he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. "I know what you want. You want me to repair your chair." "You're right," I said, "And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, “Would you mend this chair for me… ?” "I wouldn't have agreed to do it," he said, "We don't do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I'll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver?" He was a very nice man and was greatly amused (感到有趣) by the whole thing. 21. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer ____________. A. was rather impolite. B. was warmly received. C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair. D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair. 22. The expression "the penny dropped" in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper __________. A. changed his mind B. accepted the offer C. saw the writer's purpose D. decided to help the writer 23．How much did the writer pay? A．￡5． B．￡7． C．￡20． D．￡27． 24．From the text，we call learn that the writer was ________. A．honest B．careful C．smart D．funny 25．The word“approach”in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese in this passage． A. 观点 B．接近 C. 走近 D．办法 答案： 21．答案是 D. 在第一家商店，店家连看都不看一眼，可见他想请人修椅子被拒绝了，后来在第二、三、 四家也被拒绝： 22．答案是 C．从对方的回答“我知道你想干啥，你想让我帮你修椅子”可知他的计谋被识破， 23．答案是 A．“我”主动提出给七英镑作为维修费，而“他”很好(a very nice man )，提出“fiver'’，可见 它的意思是五英镑。 24．答案是 C 从文中不难看出“我”是什么样的人：随机应变，灵活。 25．答案是 D． 阅读理解专题练习 第 6 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：330 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 26. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people' s spirits C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D. it can help people get on well with others 27. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion 28. The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________. A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard 29. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________. A. talk about his own understanding of humor B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life 30. What is the author' s attitude towards the present world? A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent. [答案] 面对世上的战争、斗争和悲伤，如何才能让自己快乐地生活呢？学会幽默，你就可以做到这一点。作 者通过自己的很多亲身经历，说明了幽默的作用，鼓励人们学会幽默，以积极的态度面对生活。 26. B。 细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知幽默可以让那 些情绪低落的人脸上露出微笑，由此判断幽默的作用在于提高人们的情绪。 27. C。 推理判断题。在第二段中作者提到了自己和奶奶在日常生活中非常幽默，这是在举例说明；第二 段的最后一句话是在总结幽默在日常生活中的作用，因此答案为 C。 28. D。 词义推断题。根据第三段中“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke, but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.”可知并不是所有的人都能理解一个笑话的可笑之处，有些人会笑得不得了， 而有些人却无动于衷；然后作者再根据自己亲身体会进一步说明：他大笑的时候，而那些人却只 是坐在那里，像看着外星人一样地看着他，由此可判断用 D 项代替 bust a gut。 29. B。 主旨推断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段最后一句“So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知作者是在说明幽默的作用后 来鼓励人们在日常生活中学会幽默应对这个压力重重的世界。 30. B。 推理判断题。根据第一段的“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today ...”以及末段的 “There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.”可知作者对当前的世界持批 判的态度。 阅读理解题形讲与练(附参考答案) 一、考查形式 阅读理解是高考英语试卷中的语言运用题，旨在检查高中生在阅读中的语感：特别是在阅读过程中获 取和处理信息的能力。 《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力： 1，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意： 2．了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节： 3．根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义： 4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系： 5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申： 6．正确领会作者的观点和态度。 二、考查内容 阅读理解常考的题材： 发展报告，农业报告，经济报告．环境报告，科学报告，教育报告，健康报 告，新闻科学，自然灾害，医学(如瘟疫等疾病)，战争，旅游、交通，人物传记、人物特写，故事，探索， 语言、语言掌故，音乐、体育与娱乐，文学、艺术，历史、考古、文物出土，英语国家的文化习俗、人口、 地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。 三、基本题形以及解题技巧 1. 基本题型及题形特征 基 本 题 型 及 题 形 特 征 主旨大意 题 主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括 标题、主题、中心思想或目的大意等； 细节理解 题 主要考察考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。这一题型常 见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题；； 推理判断 题 主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗 示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强 的高层次阅读理解题； 判断词义 题 主要考察考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义能力。要求从句子结 构、段落、文章中推断或根据构词法推断词义。 2. 四大题形的解题技巧 1）细节理解题解题技能 常见的命题方式有： （1）特殊疑问句形式。以 when，where。what．which．who，how much, many 等疑问词开头引出的 问题： （2）以是非题的形式。true / false. not true/ false 或 EXCEPT： （3）以 According to…开头提问方式： （4）以填空题的形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised___________. （5）就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取"带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性 词语，然后以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫 读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除： 2) 细节题干扰项有如下几个特点： (1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)符合常识，但不是文章内容： (3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动： (4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正确，一半错误： 细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有 的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语， 甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。总之，做细节题时要将自己 精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右， 自上而下呈 Z 形扫视，直到找到细节 出处，待找到含细节内容时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至确定答案。 2．推理判断题解题技能 这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度， 理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的 基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维．同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 1) 这种问题的提问方式通常有： (1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_______. (2) We can infer from the text that.../What can we learn from...? (3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _______. (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _______. (5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _______. (6) The author mentions the fact that...to show _______ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _______? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。 2) 考生应当注意以下几点： (1) 深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义, 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点： (2) 推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等： (3) 紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像； (4) 把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能 以偏概全、见树不见林。 3．主旨大意题解题技能 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意， 并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在 阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获 取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 1) 主旨大意常见的题干形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _______. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is... (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _______. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 2) 从命题形式上看，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类， (1) 怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 (2) 怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。 3) 主旨大意的解题技巧 (1)主题句定位法 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思 想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小 段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要 表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效 的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况： 开头、中间、结尾。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法 (skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主 题线索和主题信息。 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 方法 特征 正方形 写作法 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生 根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的 方法：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联 系，然后加以归纳形成主题。 正三角 形写作 法 中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发 展主题句所表达的主题思想。即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主 题句则出现在段首的写作方法。主题句一般可在第一句话找到。新闻报道通常 就采用这种写法。 倒三角 形写作 主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括 主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性 法 的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 圆形 写作法 首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题， 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的 重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 菱形 写作法 主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细 节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 (2)文章标题的选择或拟定的解题技巧 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。 它的特点是：浓缩性强，短小精悍，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围 要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩，用词准确、不偏不 离。那么如何选择文章的标题呢? ① 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系： ② 依据文章关键词，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何： ③ 对比四个选项，先排除两个，再比较余下的，要考虑标题是过大还是过小； 要避免下列三种错误： (a)概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)； (b)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)； (c)以事实、细节替代替抽象具体的大意。 4．词义猜测题解题技能 1)四类生词类型： (1) 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义； (2) 合成词、转化词与派生词如 shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect 等； (3) “灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解： (4) 超纲生词。如：《大纲》之外的和熟词新意的生词． 猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义 的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 2)常见的考查形式： (1) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by ______ (2) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______ (3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? (4) What does the unlined word mean? (5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…” ? (6) The word “…” most nearly means ______ 3)常见的猜测词义的方法: (1) 利用构词法 掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable 这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成 un，fore，see， able：其中 see 是词根，fore 是“先，前，预”的含义，un 是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此 unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。 (2)利用同义近义词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生 词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词 and或 or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且 and 或 or 连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它 的大致词义。 (3)利用反义词 利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词 hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与 否定等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 (4)利用定义、解释和例证 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。 释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加 以解释说明的方式。 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜 测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as，like，for example，for instance，that is，namely 等。 (5)利用上下文语境 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章 有关。利用 上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近 年来高考考查的热点。 (6)根据语义转折 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though， although，still，but，yet, instead, instead of，however, while，On the contrary, on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another 等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。 四、高考实例 [命题特点] 1．2008 年的阅读理解部分有三篇短文，总阅读量为 1076 个单词(不包括问题及选择项的词数)，总题 量为 15 题，分值为 30 分： 2．阅读理解题有两大变化： (1)选材方面，在保证题材多样性、语言真实性的基础上增加了文学体 裁：(2)在理解问题的设问方面，适当加大了理解的深度，避免考生采用简单的排除法或直接与原文信息匹 配找到答案： 3．阅读理解题内容新颖，体裁多样，题材丰富，时代气息浓厚，渗透现代社会的新观念，选材融知 识性、教育性和趣味性为一体，可读性较强，体现丰富的文化内涵； 4．基本无生词，有些词虽然不在高考英语 3500 词汇的范围内，但属于新教材高频词汇，学生比较熟 悉，如 A 篇的 involve，democratic 等，B 篇的 negative，objective 等，C 篇的 critical，amid；有些词可以通 过构词法知识(合成、前缀、后缀、转化)理解词义，如 A 篇的 hairstyle，adulthood 等．B 篇的 self-image， tricky 等。 C 篇的 undersized．warring presence 等；还有些生词可以通过上下文来猜测其词义，如 B 篇的 It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can't move past．one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself．"flaw"对大多数考生而言是生词，但通过对 or weakness 的理解可以 知道这个单词和 weakness 同义，就不难判断它的含义是“缺点”；有些词虽然为考生所熟悉，但特定的语 境赋予了它们新的含义．考生须根据具体语境方能推知，如 A 篇中的 From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits．“orbit” 在平时的学习中表示“轨道”之意，而这里是“范围”或“圈子”之意。 5．试卷从选材到命题都关注了考生的思维能力。选材时除关注语言的难易、题材、体裁以外，还关 注语言的思维深度，关注现在中学生的认知能力，这一点尤其是在 C 篇中体现明显，考试后学生普遍感觉 有一些题目很难选择答案，与 2008 年高考设题深度加大，迷惑性较强有关。 6．从命题的情况看，2008 年阅读理解题各题型分配与 2007 年对比如下： 年份 细节题 推理题 主旨要义题 猜测词义题 2007 7 6 1 1 2008 7 6 1 1 [能力要求] 1．考生要有快速阅读与筛选信息、获取信息的能力以及作出判断的能力： 2．考生要有归纳全文信息，理解全篇信息间的逻辑关系并进行推理、判断的能力。 3．考生要有深层理解，挖掘文章没有明确表达的意义的能力。 4．考生能根据上下文和中学生应有的常识判断生词的意义，并且能识别各种题型(细节、推理、主旨、 猜词)和掌握各种题型的解题方法： 5．考生在用英语交流的过程中能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观。 第一节 阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 [试题分析] A Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood. No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.” But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.” Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.” 41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _________. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation 42. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing? A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities. B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities. C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs. D. Parents share more interests with their children. 43. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is _________. A. more confusion among parents B. new equality between parents and children C.1ess respect for parents from children D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents 44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents _________. A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 45. The purpose of the passage is to _________. A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with B. discuss the development of the parent—child relationship C. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationship D. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the past [文章导读] 代沟是个社会热点话题，文章比较了现在和过去父母与孩子之间关系的差异，指出两者的代沟在逐渐 缩小，不过依然存在，同时指出现在父母和孩子的平等关系也会产生负面影响，如子女对父母的不尊重等； [答案解析] 41．C 词义推测题：由上文(特别是 gap)和下句(特别是 separate orbits)可知，上几代的父母与孩子之间 不仅是在音乐爱好方面有“差异”，而且从发型、衣着，到活动、期望等各方面，差异都很大。最大的干 扰项是 distance，文章的确提到 distant relationship，但关系还没有到不同路的地步： 42． D．归纳判断题，由第 1 段首句 dress alike．1isten to the same music 以及 talk about interests both enjoy 等可知，父母与孩子有更多的共同兴趣，表明代沟在渐渐消失：选项 A、B、C 都属于 share interests 的范畴，D 项包括后三项，是最全面的概括： 43．B．细节理解题；第 6 段第 l 句中的 the new equality 就是上文所说的父母与孩子关系的变化：最 大干扰项是 A 和 C，如考生缺乏升华概括能力的话，就容易误选，不管是孩子对父母缺少尊重还是父母间 产生更多的迷惑，都是这种新型的平等关系所产生的“结果”，这里问的是变化是什么，而不是变化的结 果是什么： 44．A. 细节理解题：结合上一段可知，today's parents 就是 60 年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交 流，更加民主，他们应当是顺应这种变化趋势的： 45．B．推断写作目的，由全文内容，特别是由 the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow 等关键词句可知，本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。 B Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍 ) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck! 46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _________. A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourself C. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself 47. According to the passage, our serf-images _________. A. have positive effects B. are probably untrue C. are often changeable D. have different functions 48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage? A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful. C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you think. 49. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life. C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 50. Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. [文章导读] 构建积极的自我形象是进一步增强自信、关爱自己的有效途径之一：文章叙述了建立积极的自我形象 的内容、途径和消除消极自我形象的意义： [答案解析] 46．C. 细节理解题。本题题眼在第 l 段最后一句：关键是理解 If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，“当你觉得自信是一种挑战时”，也就是“当你不够自信时”： 47. B．细节理解题；由第 2 段中的 Interestingly，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，第 4 段最后一句 But remember，just because you think it doesn't mean it's true 和第 5 段第 l 句 The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far more objective ，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities 可知，很多时候自我形 象是不真实的。 48．D．细节理解题。由第 2 段最后一句 Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world 和文章倒数第 2 句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image 可知。 49．C．主旨大意题：第 l 段最后一句中有 build a positive self-image，第 3 段首句的 the best way to defeat a passive self-image is to...，最后一段的首句 The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to...都是说明如 何构建自我形象的， 50．B．推理判断题：由第 l 段第 4 句中 we're the apple of our parents’eyes...，our Grandmas think we're．．．等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的： C Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“ short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point. It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’ Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s… face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently… .” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon. Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own. 51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon inWar and Peace is _________. A. far from the historical facts B. based on the Russian history C. based on his selection of facts D. not related to historical details 52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________. A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept C. the Russians stopped his military movement D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with 53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do? A. To walk out of the room in anger. B. To show agreement with him. C. To say something about the Tsar. D. To express his admiration. 54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________. A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B. fond of showing off his iron will C. determined in destroying all of Europe D. crazy for power and respect 55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings. B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way. C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes. D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings. [文章导读] 小说《战争与和平》中对拿破仑的描述与历史上的人物形象有一定的差异，作者托尔斯泰以历史研究 为基础，用自己的方式对其进行了一定的艺术加工和提炼－51．C细节理解题。由第 1段第 4句 The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy's description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts--but his choice of facts...可知： 作者以选择事实为依据，写出了自己笔下的拿破仑形象：关键句式 not．．．but．．． (不是…… 而是……)，关键词是该句中的 choice 与选项中的 selection 同义： [答案解析] 52．A. 细节理解题：由第 2 段中的 He. not the Tsar，is the one to make the terms 可知：拿破仑很自负， 也说明了他的狂妄自大： 53．D．推理判断题：由文章第 3 段 To have one's ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court 可推知，他认为他轻轻地拉了拉沙皇代表的耳朵，沙皇代表应当 感到最大的光荣和受宠； 由后一句“Well，well，why don't you say anything?'’可推断，他是希望沙皇代 表赞美他、仰慕他： 54．D．推理判断题；第 2 段第 l 句“小说家通过精选某些事实来描写某一人物是表现人物的道德本性 的一种手法”，托尔斯泰用会见沙皇这件事来说明拿破仑是一个权利欲很强的人，特别期望别人对他的尊 重。 55．A. 推断隐含意义。历史上的拿破仑和托尔斯泰笔下的拿破仑有很大的出入，整篇文章也证明了作 家可以根据历史事实创作，但又不必完全忠实于自己对事实的发现，即作者可根据需要进行一定的提炼把 人物丑化或美化。 [解题思路] 1．考生做题时，应在文章中确定几个名词为中心词，如 A 篇可以找到 interests，generation gap， relationship 等为该篇的中心词，B 篇的中心词为 self-image，challenge 等， C 篇的中心词为 description， character 等；然后分析题目考什么(推理、主旨、细节、猜词)，在题干中划出关键词(如 42 题的关键词为 generation gap，disappearing，43 题的关键词为 change，relationship)，带着关键词在原文中快速找原信息 句，用排除法确定准确答案： 2．2008 年很多考生反映读懂了文章却不知道选哪一个，其原因之一是不熟悉相关的命题规律，理不 清解题思路。除考查语篇的基本信息外，设置什么样的干扰项也决定着阅读理解的难度。通常情况下，正 确选项与干扰项之间有以下三种不同的关系，考生要学会分析： 1)干扰项与文章内容相矛盾，正确选项与干扰项为正与误的关系。如 43 题，虽然干扰项的描述都能从 文章找到相同的字眼，但 A 项和 D 项出现在同一段和同一个人话中，描述的是：父母亲对孩子仍然很严格 并具有权威性，但有一个变化，在这个变化中间，父母产生了很多困惑，C 项是指这种新的平等造成孩子 不太尊重父母了，而不是说现在父母和孩子关系变化的内容，故干扰项都是错误的：还有 5l 题和 52 题， 各干扰项与正确答案的信息句意思不符。 2)干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文章中没有相关支持信息，正确选项与干扰项之间为实与虚的关系。 如：44 题、47 题、48 题，每个干扰项虽然都有可能正确，但在文中却找不到相关的支撑点。考生做此类 题时，切忌从文章以外去寻找支持信息，把自己的、某些权威人士的或常识性的观点作为选择的依据。 3)干扰项不仅与文章内容相符。而且在文中可以找到相关的信息支持点，其之所以错误，是因为在某 种程度上偏离了题目要求，这时干扰项与答案之间为正与偏的关系：其具体表现经常是合理与不合理关联、 准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位： 不合理关联就是把文章的深层或表层信息错误地联系在一起：如 55 题最大干扰项是 B，因为有的考生 会受到“……，but the composition is his own”影响而误选 B．在这类题目中，答案所揭示的合理关系多为 隐含的： 不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的深层或表层信息，具体表现为涵盖过宽或过 窄以及视觉错位：如 A 篇的 45 题干扰项 A、C、D 涵盖过窄： 阅读理解题的干扰项可分为三种类型：与文字中内容相矛盾称之为“误”；在文中没有信息支持点称 之为“虚”；不能完全符合题目的要求称之为“偏”：通常情况下，“误”类干扰项错误较明显．也较易辨 别；而“偏”类的干扰项比较难鉴别。为了能迅速准确地排除干扰项并选准答案，考生答题时应按照“误 否?虚否?偏否?”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾。再看在文中有没 有信息支持点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求。经过一级思考即可定论的干扰项，勿须再过多考虑； 而经过三级思考仍不能排除的选项，往往就是正确答案。 五、实战演练 阅读理解专题练习 第 1 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：365 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket. In one hand, you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple. In your other hand, you have one that's been organically grown. Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol. The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite. But the organic apple has a label that says "USDA Organic". Does that mean it's better? Safer? More nutritious? Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist. Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket. 'h'Conventional vs organic farming The word "organic" refers to the way farmers grow' and process agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products and meat. Organic fainting practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution. Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use conventional methods to fertilize, control weeds or prevent livestock disease. Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming: Conventional farmers Organic farmers Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth, Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants. Apply insecticides to reduce pests and disease. Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease. Give animals antibiotics ( 抗 生 素 ), growth hormones( 激素) and medications to prevent disease and promote growth, housing Give animals organic feed and allow them access to the outdoors. Use preventive measures -- such as a balanced diet and clean housing － to help minimize disease. * Organic or not? Check the label The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards. These standards regulate how such foods are grown, handled and processed. Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards. Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification. If a food bears a USDA Organic label, it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards. The seal is voluntary, but many organic producers use it. 1. The main purpose of the passage is ________________. A. to promote the sales of organic food B. to inform people organic food is better for their health C. to persuade people to become informed consumers D. to compare conventional and organic foods 2. According to the passage, organic farming is intended to ________________. A. improve the quality of the soil and water B. take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely C. adopt eco-friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals D. prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively 3. According to the passage, the conventionally grown apple ________________. A. costs less but tastes worse than an organic one B. doesn't look the same as an organic one C. has proven itself acceptable by the family D. contains more fat, sodium and cholesterol 4. Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming? A. Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease. B. Using rotted plants as fertilizer to promote plant growth. C. Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth. D. Using pests to reduce insects and disease. 5. From the passage we know the organic certification program ________________. A. is not meant for all producers of produce B. makes it compulsory to attach a USDA Organic label C. sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce D. requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards 答案： 本文重点介绍了有机食品的相关情况。 1. D。 主旨大意题。文章首先提到人们在超市面对选择传统食物还是有机食物的困惑，接下来写传统耕 作方式和有机食物的耕作方式的区别，由此可判断本文是对有机食物和非有机食物的对比。 2. C。 推理判断题。根据方框中所给的采用传统种植和养殖方式和有机的种植和养殖方式，可以看出有 机种植和养殖采用的是无污染、不用化学药品等不妨碍生态环境的方法，故 C 正确。 3. C。 细节判断题。根据第一段中的“Both apples are firm, shiny and green. Both provide vitamins and fiber, and both are free of fat, sodium and cholesterol.”可知这两种苹果看起来都 很结实，有光泽，也都是绿色的，故 B 错误，这两种苹果都含有维生素和纤维，都不含有脂肪、 钠和胆固醇，故判断 D错误，根据第二段中的“The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite.”可知虽然传统方式种植的苹果比较便宜，但却符合家人的口味， 故可判断 C 正确。 4. B。 细节判断题。通过方框中对两种种植和养殖的方式进行对比，可以看出用腐烂的植物做肥料是有 机种植的方式，故 B 正确。 5. A。 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到 USDA 为有机食物制定了严格的标准，而传统食物无需达到这些标 准，也就是这个标准是专门为有机食物制定的，故选 A。 阅读理解专题练习 第 2 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：288 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** Alia Sabur, from Northport, N. Y., US, went to college at age 10. And four years later, Sabur became a bachelor of science in. Applied Mathematics summa cum laude（以最优等成绩）from Stony Brook University -- the youngest female in US history to do so. Her education continued at Drexel University, where she earned a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy (哲学博士) in Materials Science and Engineering. With an unlimited future ahead of her, Sabur directed her first career choice to teaching. "I really enjoy teaching," she said. She was three days short of her 19th birthday in February, 2008, when she was hired to become a professor at Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history, according to the Guinness' Book of Worm Records, beating the previous record held by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717. Although she doesn't start until next month, Sabur has taken up teaching math and physics courses at Southern University in New Orleans. Sabur is old enough to teach in the city, but not to join her fellow professors in a bar after work. In Korea, where the drinking age is 20, she might have more luck. In traditional Korean culture, children are considered to be 1 year old-when they are born, and add a year to their age every New Year instead of their actual birthday, so in Korea Sabur is considered 20. On top of her unprecedented (空前的) academic achievements, Sabur has a black belt in Tae Kwon Do (跆 拳道黑带 ). She is also a talented clarinet (竖笛 ) player who has performed with musicians like Lang Lang and Smash Mouth. So is there anything Sabur can't do? 6. We can learn from the passage that Sabur is ________. A. America's youngest bachelor of science B. Drexel University's youngest student C. the world'syoungest college professor D. the world's youngest female teacher 7. When Sabur was hired as a professor, her actual age is ________. A. fourteen B. eighteen C. nineteen D. twenty 8. What does the author mean by saying "she might have more luck" (in Paragraph 3)? A. Sabur might be permitted to drink in a Korean bar. B. Sabur would be allowed to attend parties in Korea. C. Sabur is old enough to teach at Konkuk University. D. Sabur is lucky to be hired by Konkuk University. 9. What does the author mainly want to show in the last paragraph? A. Sabur spends little time in study. B. Sabur likes music more thain sports. C. Sabur has her own way to relax. D. Sabur is talented in many ways. 10. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Alia Sabur is the youngest female doctor from Stony Brook University. B. Colin Maclaurin has once been the youngest college professor in the world. C. In Korea, Alia Sabur is not allowed to drink for she is still underage. D. Alia Sabur knows anything but Tae Kwon Do. 答案： 美国女孩 Sabur 今年被吉尼斯世界纪录评为世界上最年轻的教授。 6. C。 细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句 This distinction made her the youngest college professor in history ．．．可知，Sabur 是世界上最年轻的大学教授。distinction 在此处的意思是“卓越，殊荣”， 指上一句提到的“Sabur 在差三天 19 岁生日时，被韩国建国大学聘为教授”这一殊荣。 7. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 She was three days short of her 19th birthday ．．． in Seoul, Korea 可知，Sabur 被聘为教授那天，距她的 19 岁生日还差三天，因此，当时她还是 18 岁。 8. A。 句意理解题。根据第三段的 In Korea, where the drinking age is 20 和 in Korea Sabur is considered 20 可知，在韩国 Sabur 可能被允许进入酒吧。第三段最后一句的大意为：根据传统韩国文化，孩子一 出生算一岁，每年过新年的时候就长一岁，不需要等到过生日那天，所以，在韩国 Sabur 被认为是 20 岁。 9. D。 段意理解题。最后一段介绍了 Sabur在其他领域取得的骄人成绩。最后一句 So is there anything Sabur can’t do?表达了作者对 Sabur 多才多艺的赞叹。 10. B。 根据第 2 段 beating the previous record by Colin Maclaurin, a student of Isaac Newton, in 1717 可以推 断 Colin Maclaurin 曾经是美国吉尼斯世界记录上最年轻的教授。 阅读理解专题练习 第 3 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：326 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history. The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and the thifigs that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes "the one thing we seem to learn from history is that we don't seem to learn from history." Perhaps at least in teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this. A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can- not even understand why we are and where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we should get where we want to be. I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr. if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against the things that he stood for. 11. What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 ? A. Many people aren't clever enough to learn well from the past. B. Many people fail to make good use of history and make the same mistakes. C. Many people feel it hard to understand history. D. Many people have no interest in studying history. 12. In Paragraph 3, the author shows that history is useful because _______________. A. it makes the current political situation go smoothly B. it helps us realize the importance of historical events C. it helps us understand why things are the way they are D. it helps people accept the present situation where they live 13. Some historical figures are mentioned in the last paragraph to show ______________. A. people can be inspired to do good, while also learning to fight against evil B. people may also learn from bad historical figures C. more celebrations should be held to honor their achievements D. today’s people can also achieve what they achieved 14. What would be talked about in the following paragraph? A. How to teach history effectively. B. Some negative reasons for studying history. C. How to get more people to study history. D. Some bad historical figures. 15. The main purpose of this passage is to ____________. A. ins[me the parents to teach their children history B. show the importance of history in politics C. explain the reasons why children study history D. introduce the writer' s own way of teaching history, 答案： 本文主要讲了学习历史的三个主要的正面的原因。一是，以史为鉴，可以从历史中吸取教训。二是，在了 解历史的基础上，更好得了解目前的状况。三是，鼓励人们向伟大的历史人物学习，为社会多做贡献。 11. B。 细节推断题。根据第二段首句可知作者认为学习历史的一个重要的原因是从过去的历史学到东 西，但是不幸的是“我们好像从历史中学到的东西是我们好像并没有从历史中学到东西”这句话 的含义表明，实际上很多人并没有从充分利用好历史的价值，因此作者希望在教授自己的孩子历 史时可以尽一点力量改变这一现状。 12. C。 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate in the absence of an understanding of its historical context.”可知，如果不了解历史我们就可能不知道当前的政治气候，就不可 能知道我们为什么会成为我们现在的样子等等，因此可以推断学习历史可以让我们知道很多事情 的形成的原因，直到很多事情为什么会是现在的样子。 13. A。 细节推断题。根据“It was my hope that he would become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by himself.”这句话可知，作者希望孩子能向历史人物学习，做出伟大的贡献。 14. B。 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons for studying history.”可知作者在谈完了学习历史的积极的 原因之后，就要在后面的段落中谈论学习历史的一些消极的原因。 15. C。 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的内容可知作者旨在对孩子们学习历史的有益和有害的原因进行说 明。 阅读理解专题练习 第 4 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：341 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** One year, my school report made my parents angry. On Christmas Eve, all the presents were stolen, along with our TV. My parents told me that there were no presents because Santa was very angry with my behavior over the past year. The next year on Christmas Eve I slept downstairs with a plastic sword waiting for Santa to make sure that he didn't steal the new TV. The next morning, when I woke up, I saw Santa standing there. As soon as I saw that there were no presents, I grabbed my plastic sword and ran at him, shouting angrily: "THIEF! THIEF!" Jack When I was young, we always had a specific room for the Christmas tree. My mom never really liked the location, so one year she moved the tree into another room. I was convinced that Santa would not know where the tree was and would get lost in our house. I was worried that he would be mad and put me on the "bad" list and would not give me any gifts because he couldn't find the tree. I came up with the idea to make signs leading from the fireplace to the tree. They said things like: "Tree this way" or "Santa, put the gifts over here." When my big brother saw them he began to laugh his head off. Lucy Does everyone remember going to the mall and sitting on Santa’s lap to have his picture taken at Christmas time? Well, I used to think that if I did that, Santa would get mad because he would have to go all around the world and give every kid the chance to have his picture taken with him. Of course his lap would hurt and he would be very fired. I thought he might keep a copy of the picture and that would be how he decided who would be on his naughty list. My mom couldn't get me onto Santa's lap until she made him promise I wouldn't end up on his naughty list. Lydia 16. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Belief in Santa B. The Excitement on Christmas C. Christmas Gifts D. Christmas Celebration 17. The real reason why Jack's TV was taken away is that ______________. A. his parents were too careless B. his parents thought he had watched too much TV C. Santa Claus was not satisfied with Jack’s behavior D. Santa gave the TV to another child as a present 18. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why Lucy didn't want the tree to be moved? A. Santa would not know where the tree was. B. Santa would be angry and would not give her any gifts. C. Her big brother might laugh at her. D. Santa might think she was a "bad" child. 19. We can learn from the third story that _______________. A. Lydia’s mother was very Strict with her B. Lydia believed in Santa when she was young C. Lydia was naughty when she was young D. Lydia liked taking pictures with Santa 20. Why didn't Lydia want to take pictures with Santa? A. She was afraid that Santa would get mad with her. B. She was afraid that Santa would get too tired and hurt himself. C. She disliked the idea that Santa would keep a copy of her picture. D. She feared that she would appear in the Santa's naughty list. 答案： 曾经童真的我们，都相信过圣诞老人的存在，儿时的天真现在想来可能会让大家忍俊不禁，下面就让 我们听听这三个人讲述自己童年时代与圣诞老人的故事…… 16. A。 主旨大意题。三个故事都是关于儿时与圣诞老人的故事，而且三个故事的讲述者在儿时都相信圣 诞老人的存在，所以 A项正确。 17. B。 细节理解题。第二个故事一开始就告诉我们 Jack 在学校的成绩通知书使他父母很生气，所以父 母认为是看电视太多导致成绩下降，在圣诞前夕就把电视藏起来了，却告知 Jack 电视是圣诞老 人对 Jack 上一年的表现不满而被偷走了。 18. C。 细节理解题。哥哥笑是因为他知道世界上根本就没有圣诞老人，看到妹妹天真的行为感到好笑。 所以这个不是让 Lucy 不想让圣诞树移位的原因。 19. B。 细节判断题。由最后一段“My mom couldn’t get me onto Santa’s lap until she made him promise I wouldn’t end up on his naughty list.”可知 Lydia 相信这个世界上有 naughty list 的存在，也相信圣诞老人有把她放到“淘气孩子名单”的权力，那么，很自然，这一切都表明 Lydia 相信这个世界存在圣诞老人。 20. D。 细节理解题。根据 Lydia 的描述可知，Lydia 害怕圣诞老人与她合影后，又不得不走遍全世界和 每一个孩子合影，这样圣诞老人会很累，有可能因此会迁怒于她，把她放到“淘气孩子名单”中， 所以她才不愿意和圣诞老人合影，D 项是最后的结果，也因此是使 Lydia 不愿意和圣诞老人合影 的最根本原因，所以 D 项正确。 阅读理解专题练习 第 5 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：241 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** Some time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg. I didn't think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a lot of antique (古董 ) shops near my home. So I left home one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception. I was quite wrong. The man wouldn't even look at my chair. The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth, so I decided that my approach must be wrong. I went into the fifth shop with a plan in my mind. I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, "Would you like to buy a chair?" He looked it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a bad chair. How much do you want for it, sir?" "Twenty pounds," I said. "OK," he said, "I'll give you twenty pounds." "It's got a slightly broken leg," I said. "Yes, I saw that, it's nothing." Everything was going according to my plan and I was getting excited. "What will you do with it?" I asked. “ Oh, it will be easy to sell once the repair is done." "I'll buy it," I said. "What do you mean? You've just sold it to me." he said. "Yes, I know but I've changed my mind. I'm sorry, but I'll give you twenty-seven pounds for it." "You must be crazy," he said. Then, suddenly the penny dropped. "I know what you want. You want me to repair your chair." "You're right," I said, "And what would you have done if I had walked in and said, “Would you mend this chair for me… ?” "I wouldn't have agreed to do it," he said, "We don't do repairs, not enough money in it and too much trouble. But I'll mend this for you, shall we say for a fiver?" He was a very nice man and was greatly amused (感到有趣) by the whole thing. 21. We can learn from the text that in the first shop the writer ____________. A. was rather impolite. B. was warmly received. C. asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair. D. asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair. 22. The expression "the penny dropped" in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper __________. A. changed his mind B. accepted the offer C. saw the writer's purpose D. decided to help the writer 23．How much did the writer pay? A．￡5． B．￡7． C．￡20． D．￡27． 24．From the text，we call learn that the writer was ________. A．honest B．careful C．smart D．funny 25．The word“approach”in the second paragraph means ________ in Chinese in this passage． A. 观点 B．接近 C. 走近 D．办法 答案： 21．答案是 D. 在第一家商店，店家连看都不看一眼，可见他想请人修椅子被拒绝了，后来在第二、三、 四家也被拒绝： 22．答案是 C．从对方的回答“我知道你想干啥，你想让我帮你修椅子”可知他的计谋被识破， 23．答案是 A．“我”主动提出给七英镑作为维修费，而“他”很好(a very nice man )，提出“fiver'’，可见 它的意思是五英镑。 24．答案是 C 从文中不难看出“我”是什么样的人：随机应变，灵活。 25．答案是 D． 阅读理解专题练习 第 6 篇 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：330 完成时间：6 分钟 难度：** With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives. Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart. How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you. I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don't get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke? Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. 26. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________. A. it makes people more confident B. it can pick up people' s spirits C. it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world D. it can help people get on well with others 27. The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________. A. facts and descriptions B. evidence and argument C. examples and conclusion D. stories and persuasion 28. The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________. A. explaining carefully B. speaking loud C. keeping silent D. laughing hard 29. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________. A. talk about his own understanding of humor B. encourage people to be humorous in daily life C. introduce a practical way to get through daily life D. convince people of the power of being optimistic about life 30. What is the author' s attitude towards the present world? A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Satisfied. D. Indifferent. [答案] 面对世上的战争、斗争和悲伤，如何才能让自己快乐地生活呢？学会幽默，你就可以做到这一点。作 者通过自己的很多亲身经历，说明了幽默的作用，鼓励人们学会幽默，以积极的态度面对生活。 26. B。 细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.”可知幽默可以让那 些情绪低落的人脸上露出微笑，由此判断幽默的作用在于提高人们的情绪。 27. C。 推理判断题。在第二段中作者提到了自己和奶奶在日常生活中非常幽默，这是在举例说明；第二 段的最后一句话是在总结幽默在日常生活中的作用，因此答案为 C。 28. D。 词义推断题。根据第三段中“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke, but they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.”可知并不是所有的人都能理解一个笑话的可笑之处，有些人会笑得不得了， 而有些人却无动于衷；然后作者再根据自己亲身体会进一步说明：他大笑的时候，而那些人却只 是坐在那里，像看着外星人一样地看着他，由此可判断用 D 项代替 bust a gut。 29. B。 主旨推断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段最后一句“So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.”可知作者是在说明幽默的作用后 来鼓励人们在日常生活中学会幽默应对这个压力重重的世界。 30. B。 推理判断题。根据第一段的“With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today ...”以及末段的 “There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy.”可知作者对当前的世界持批 判的态度。 全国高考汇编阅读之广告应用类(附参考答案) 一（2014 安徽卷） A Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy ! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don’t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot.Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed. Mr. H also has these features (特点) ·weighs only 500 grams ·includes long-lasting batteries ·comes with a 5-year guarantee ·remembers simple instructions Originally (最初) sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 BUY NOW 56. With help from a Mr.H, you can . A. stop using batteries. B. finish your homework on time. C. remember your teacher’s instructions. D. get your room tidied on your way home. 57. A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to . A. repair your TV B. organize your homework C. be a James Bond D. know what the weather is like 58. You can get your Mr. H for . A. ＄499 B. ＄299 C. ＄199 D. ＄99 59. Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? A. On a notice board B. In a company brochure. C. On a teenage website D. In a college newspaper. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文是一则广告，宣传了两个产品 Personal Robot 和 WATCH CONTROL，同时详细说明了这两 种产品的特点和具体的购买信息。 56. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据第一则广告 Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. 可知这个机器人可以帮助做家庭作业。故 B 正确。 57. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据第二则广告 gives you a daily weather forecast.可知这个手表会告 诉你天气预报。故 D 正确。 58.【答案】B【试题解析】细节题。根据第一则广告最后 3 行 Originally (最初) sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 可知现在只要 299 美元就可以买到了。故 B 正确。 59. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二则广告最后一行 For further information, click here.中的 click 点击。可知本文是从网页上摘录下来的。故 C 正确。 二（2014 北京卷） A Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆) WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL  acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.  gives you a daily weather forecast.  reminds you when to hand in your homework.  sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near. Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $199 NOW ONLY $99 For further information, click here. The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of Victoria’s leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. * Opening Times Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing. * Location ( 位置) Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is siyuated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex. * Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium Train The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions. Shuttle Bus The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. Car Parking While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away. * Wheelchair Access Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets. * Terms Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry! 56. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium _________ . A. is located at the center of the CBD in the city B. has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne C. admits visitors from 9:30 am untill 6:00 pm D. is beside Crown Entertainment Complex 57. Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take ________. A. trains from southern Cross train station B. shuttle buses around the train station C. boats across the yarra River D. either tram route 70 or 75 58. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors ________. A. free car parking B. wheelchair access C. Internet connection D. transportation service 59. Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ________ . A. are free to all visitors B. can be pursed by email C. are checked at the entrance D.can be printed at the ticket office 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文属于广告布告类短文，介绍了墨尔本 CBD 中心的 Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 的具体信 息，如地理位置，开放时间，交通路线等。 56. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一句 The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of Victoria’s leading visitor attractions 可知这个水族馆位于 CBD 的中心地 带。故 A 正确。 57. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Train 部分 The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also routes 70 and 75.可知这个水族馆位于 70 和 75 路的线路 上，也就是说乘坐这两路车考英语到这里。故 D 正确。 58.【答案】B【试题解析】细节题。根据 Wheelchair Access 部分 Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.可知这个水族馆 有残疾人轮椅进入的通道。故 B 正确。 59. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后 2 行 Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry!可知在入口处是要检票的，没有票是不 允许进入的。故 C 正确。 【长难句解析】Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. 【翻译】有 12 个令人惊讶的发现区，墨尔本水族馆是你来参观这个城市不能错过的一个地方。 【分析】本句中的现在分词短语 hav ing 12 amazing zones of discovery 在句中充当的是状语，因为动词 have 和句中主语 Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 构成了主动关系，所以使用现在分词。同时句中有一个定语从句 that you cannot miss 修饰先行词 the very place。句中的 when you visit the city.是一个时间状语从句。 三（2014 大纲卷） D Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail(地铁) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer. Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change. Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of Service Open: 5 a.m Mon—Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun. Close: midnight Sun—Thur. 3a.m. Fri—Sat. nights Last train time vary. To avoid (避免 ) missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station. Metrobus When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip CARD the fare is $1.25 Fares for the Senior /disabled customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, or SmarTrip  cards and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100 Travel tips ·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m. ·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195. 68. What should you know about farecard machines? A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m. B. They are connected to change machines. C. They offer special service to the elderly. D. They make change for no more than $5. 69. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 a.m. D. at 7 p.m. 70. What is good about a SmarTrip card? A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet. 71. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro? A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100 C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文是一则地铁使用指南，介绍了乘坐地铁以及 Metrobus 各方面要注意的信息，包括零钱， 时间以及注意事项等等。 1. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据 Metrorail(地铁)部分第 4 行 farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.可知换的零钱只有 5 美元。故 D 正确。 2. 【答案】B 【试题解析】本题原文里没有提供信息（可能是扫描版遗漏） 3. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Metrobus 部分 When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip CARD the fare is $1.25，可知使用 smatTrip CARD 支付，会比直接付钱省 了$0.1，所以它对于用户来说是可以省钱的。故 B 正确。 4. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后一行 if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.可知如果丢了东西，可以拨打电话 202-962-1195。故 A 正确。 【长难句解析】Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100【翻译】老年人和残疾人顾客可以通过拨打 202-962-1100 获得免费 的关于如何使用 Metrobus and Metrorail 的指导说明。 【解析】本句中介词 on 后面有一个“特殊疑问词+to do sth”做宾语的结构。在本句中 how to use proper…作 为介词 on 的宾语。该结构还可以作为主语，宾语或者表语，定语等。 四（2014 福建卷） C BLOOD DRIVE ＆ MARROW（骨髓）REGISTRATION “These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of the strangers to make that happen. — Daisy, Isabelle’s Mother Isabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed（诊断）with a genetic blood disorder，beta thalassemia. Isabelle’s body is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood. Held at Wiley Hall Wednesday, March 26, 2014 Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd. 12:00 PM - 6 :00 PM Don’t forget to bring your driver’s license or another form of identification when you donate. Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390. FREE Kingston Pizza ! ! ! Marrow Donors: BE THE MATCH bethematch.org ·be 18 to 44 years old ·in good health ·give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing ·FREE—sponsored（赞助）by Michael’s Fund WWW. ribc. org 800-283-8385 The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals in Rhode Island and Southern New England. 65. We can learn from the passage that__________. A. the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's mother B. Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularly C. Isabelle has been ill for 11 months D. doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family 66. To be a marrow donor, you must_____________. A. be a relative of the patient B. carry a driver's license C. be at least 18 years old D. apply to Michael's Fund 67. Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can ___________. A. come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday B. visit www. ribc. org for an appointment C. contact their parents at 800-283-8385 D. call at hospitals in Rhode Island 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文是一则公益广告，号召人们为了那些需要进行骨髓移植的人捐献骨髓。介绍了与之相关 的具体信息。 65. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段 3,4 行. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old.可知她自从她 11 个月以来，就一直在接受输 血。故 B 正确。 66. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据 be 18 to 44 years old 可知捐献者必须是在 18-44 岁之间。故 C 正确。 67. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据 Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390. 可知愿意捐献的人可以访问这个网址进行联系约定。故 B 正确。 五（2014 湖北卷） D You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand. It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland. Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along. There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea. It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here. There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature. For now you just count your blessings (福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything. The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线 ), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry. Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world. “How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder. 63. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, ______. A. he found it unworthwhile B. he failed to sort himself out C. he became sensitive to smell D. he had difficulty in finding it 64. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach? A. No menu. B. Free food. C. Self service. D. Quick delivery. 65. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ______. A. sits in a beach chair B. forgets his daily routine C. plans a detailed schedule D. draws pictures in the sand 66. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage? A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings. B. He should have understood the wonder of nature. C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip. D. He should have come to the place earlier. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文叙述了泰国美丽的海滨度假胜地 Huaplee，作者描述了这里美丽的景色，可口的饭菜以 及缓慢的生活节奏。目的在于吸引更多的人来到这里。 63. 【答案】D 解析】推理题。根据文章 2,3 段 It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.和 Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.可知从曼 谷去那里要花很长的时间，而且很受有游客能够找到这个地方。作者第一次去也花了很长的时间。故 D 正 确。 64.【答案】A【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第五段 It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.可知在这里吃饭，是没有菜单的。都是量身定 做的，故 A 正确。 65. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段 Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.可知如果你正常是一个很难停下来很忙碌的人，那么来到这里，你就应该忘记一切，享受 大自然的美丽。故 B 正确。 66. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段之前的描述可知这里的风景迷人，饭菜可口，生 活惬意。作者后悔很晚才发现有这样的地方。故 D正确。 【长难句解析】1. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.【翻译】到你找到车子把自己安定好的时候，你会发现所花的时间几乎和从 Falongland 来航班一样。【分析】本句中的 by the time 到…时为止；引导的是一个时间状语从句，通常都是和完成时连 用。如果 by the time 后面是现在时间，主句就使用现在完成时；如果后面是过去时的时间，主句使用过去 完成时。 2. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge.【翻译】那是这个地方给你提供的东西，而且它是免费的。 【分析】本句是由 and 连接的两个并列句。前一句中的 what this place offers 是一个表语从句，what 引导 起这个表语从句，并在表语从句中做动词 offer 的宾语。 六（2014 湖南卷） A Want to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the way! ·Towner Writer Squad (班组）for kids aged 13-17 Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014. The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗）to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers. Application & Selection If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title‘LUNCH,’with your name, age, address and e-mail address to: debo@newwritingsouth.com. Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September，4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people. You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what’s to come. Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014 For further information go to: facebook.com/towner or towner.org.uk or newwritingsouth.com Any questions 一 feel free to send your e-mail to Towner Writer Squad Associate: whame@towner.gov.uk ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ﹡ ·Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13 Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners. Start time: 6 September, 2014 Meet every other Saturday，2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre. Study and write at your own pace 一 you do not have to rush 一 as you have a year to go through the project. Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing! No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can’t you? Fee: £179 For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk 56. Towner Writer Squad will be started _______. A. to train comedy and TV writers B. to explore the fantastic gallery space C. to introduce a contemporary art museum D. to promote the development of young writers 57. To join the Writer Squad，each applicant should first _______. A. provide a piece of their writing B. meet the Writer Squad Leader C. offer their family information D. complete an application form 58. Applications for the Writer Squad should be e-mailed no later than _______. A. 6 September, 2014 B.8 September, 2014 C.17 September, 2014 D. 12 October, 2014 59. What is most important for the beginners? A. Practising as much as possible. B. Gaining confidence and having fun. C. Studying and writing at their own pace. D. Learning skills from writers and teachers. 60. More information about Beginner Writing Project can be found at _______. A. facebook.com/towner B. newwritingsouth.com C. newtowner.org.uk D. towner.org.uk 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文叙述了两个想要提高写作技能的培训班以及这两个培训班的具体要求和收费等其他的信 息。 56. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。本题考察细节，A 项是对 Tower Writer Square 的错误理解。在第一 行中只是提及这个活动是有 comedy and TV writer 组织的，并不是说这个活动就是为了培养 comedy and TV writer。B 项只是这个活动的一个附加部分。C 项不是这个活动目的。根据第一则广告第二段最后一句 to support the development of young writers。说明这个活动的目的是促进青年作家的发展。故 D 正确。 57.【答案】A【试题解析】细节题。根据第一则广告第三段 2,3 行 please send a sample piece of your writing。 可知要想参加这个活动，需要先提供自己的一个作品。BCD 三项都不是必须的条件。故 A 正确。 58. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据第一则广告中 Deadline for applicantions:8 September 2014 可知 申请时间 是 2014 年 9 月 8 日。可知申请者要申请不要晚于 9 月 8 日。故 B 正确。 59. 【答案】B【试题解析】细节题。根据第二则广告中 Most importantly , build confidence and have fun while writing。可知作者认为对于刚刚开始的人来说，最重要的是要有信心和开心。 60. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据本广告最后一句 For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.uk 可知要想得到第二则广告的更多信息，请登录这个网站。故 C 正确。 【长难句解析】1. Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014.【翻译】由戏剧和电视剧作家 Marian Kilpatrick 组织的 Towner Writer Squad 将会从 2014 年 10 月 12 开始，在当代艺术中心一个月进行一次活动， 并将持续 11 个月。【分析】本句集中考察了分词作状语的用法，当动词与句子主语构成逻辑上的被动关系 就使用过去分词做状语，如 Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick；如果两者构成主动关系，就使用 现在分词做状语，如 starting 12 October, 2014.。 2. Study and write at your own pace 一 you do not have to rush 一 as you have a year to go through the project. 【翻译】按照你自己的节奏学习和写作，你不必着急，因为你有一年的时间来完成这个计划。 【分析】本句中第一句 Study and write at your own pace 是一个祈使句，后面的破折号表示补充说明前面一 句的内容，as 引导的是一个原因状语从句。 七（2014 江苏卷） A Never before had a kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom, Success, and of the Architecture of big American cities. Because that is where it started: in the second half of the 19th century! Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth. This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White. They all had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design, named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux Arts. SieMatic BcauxArts Breaks and Creates In fact it was not a new style at all, but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures. Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it. But what does that have to do with your kitchen? Just as much as you want it to. Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras, today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own. You can choose from menu of various forms, appealing colors, and precious materials, to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: a reflection of your personality. 56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs? A. It helped display their money status. B. It was created by famous architects. C. It was named after a famous institute. D. It represented the 19th century urban culture. 57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts? A. Its designs are anti-conventional. B.Its designs come from famous structures. C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition. D.Its customers can choose from various new styles. 【考点】考察广告类阅读 56.【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据 Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth 可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就 是说能够显示他们有钱。故 A 正确。 57.【答案】C【试题解析】推理题。根据 you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.可知 SieMatic BeauxArts 让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故 C 正确。 八（2014 江西卷） B HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE 500 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO ·TELEPHONE (02)9270111 Join in the holiday fun at the powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition, Evolution & Revolution: Chinese dress 1700s to now. DON’T FORGET our other special event, the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus（马戏团）！150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience! ◆ Chinese Folk Dancing: Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney. Dances include: the Golden and the Chinese drum dance. A feature will be the Qin dynasty Emperor’s count dance. Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing opera performances. Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm. ◆ Australian Chinese Children’s Arts Theatre:Well-known children’s play experts from Shanghai leas this dynamic youth group. Performance include Chinese fairy tales and plays. Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm. ◆ Chinese Youth League: A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as Red scarf and Spring flower dances, and a musician playing Er Hu. Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall, 11.30 am to 1.30 pm. ◆ Kids Activity : Make a Paper Horse: Young children make a paper horse cut-out. (The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting, including a kind of advancement.) Suitable for ages 8-12 years. Sunday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall, 12.30 pm to 1.00 pm. ◆ Club Med Circus School: Learn circus skills, including the trapeze, trampolining and magic. Note only for children over 5. There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk, level 4, on the day. Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11.30am& 1.00pm Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse. Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16years at the one address. Members receive Powerline, our monthly magazine, discounts in the shops and restaurants, as well as free admission to the Museum. All this for as little as $50,00 a year! Call (02)9217 0600 for more details. 61. When can you watch the Chinese drum dance? A. On July 2. B. On July 3. C. On July 6. D. On July 8. 62. To learn the magic tricks, you can go to . A. Kids Activity. B. Chinese Youth League. C. Club Med Circus School. D. Children’s Arts Theatre. 63.what is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum? Calling (02)92170600. B. Gaining family membership. C. Coming for the holiday fun. D. Paying powerline $50.00 a year. 64. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To attract visitors. B. To present schedules. C. To report the performances. D. To teach kids Chinese arts. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文属于广告类阅读，向读者介绍了 THE POWERHOUSE 中不同的节目的具体信息，最终的目 的还是在于吸引游客去参观或者参与。 61. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据 Chinese Folk Dancing 部分第二行 Dances include: the Golden and the Chinese drum dance.可知包括了 Chinese drum dance。而 Chinese Folk Dancing 的时间是 Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.故 A 项正确，在 July 2.可以欣赏到 Chinese drum dance。 62. 【答案】C【试题解析】细节题。根据 Club Med Circus School:部分第一句 Learn circus skills, including the trapeze, trampolining and magic.可知在这里可以学习到魔术技巧。故 C 正确。 63. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章倒数 3,4 行 Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse. Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16years at the one address.可知成为 Powerhouse 的成员就可以获得无限次数的免费参观。 故 B 正确。故 C 正确。 64. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。本文属于广告类阅读，向读者介绍了 THE POWERHOUSE 中不同的节 目的具体信息，最终的目的还是在于吸引游客去参观或者参与，他们才可以挣钱。故 A 正确。 【长难句解析】Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16years at the one address.【翻译】我们的家庭成员生活在同一个地方包括两个成年人和所有 16 岁以下的孩子。 【分析】本句中的动词 cover 表示包括，相当于 include。动词 cover 有多层含义，如：覆盖；采访；走过…. 的路程；（金钱、时间）够用；要在具体的语境里选择确切的含义。 九（2014 陕西卷） A Our warming planet is expected to face serious water crisis（危机） in the coming decades — which means each nation’s natural resource will be more important than ever. 46. According to the statistics, what is the world average of freshwater resource per person? A. 244,973 cubic kilometers B. 241 cubic kilometers C. 3,642 cubic kilometers D. 6,122 cubic kilometers 47. Which country or region has the most freshwater resource per year? A. Guyana B. Brazil C. Iceland D. China 48. Which country or region appears twice on the top 5 lists? A. Bhutan B. Seychelles C. Canada D. Suriname 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文讲述了世界森林覆盖面积，淡水人均拥有量等等资源都受到全球变暖的影响以及中国在 这几个方面在世界上所处的位置。 46. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据第三列 Freshwater resource, cubic kilometers per person（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 6,122 可知人均淡水是 6,122 cubic kilometers 故 D 正确。 47. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节题。根据第二列 1. BRAZIL 5,418 可知排名第一是巴西。故 B 正确。 48. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据第一列中的 1. SURINAME 94.58 和第三列中的 3. Suriname 166,112 可知 Suriname 在前五名里出现了两次。故 D 正确。 Percentage of total land area covered by forests（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 30. 88 TOP 5 AVERAGE 90.15 Freshwater resource, cubic kilometers per year（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 241 TOP 5 AVERAGE 3.642 Freshwater resource, cubic kilometers per person（2011） WORLD AVERAGE 6,122 TOP 5 AVERAGE 244, 973 1. SURINAME 94.58 REST OF TOP 5 2. Micronesia 91.66 3. Seychelles 88.48 4. Samoa 88.40 5. Palau 87.61 123. CHINA 22.47 1. BRAZIL 5,418 REST OF TOP 5 2. Russian Federation 4,313 3. Canada 2,850 4. United States 2,818 5. CHINA 2,813 1. ICELAND 532,891 REST OF TOP 5 2. Guyana 304,723 3. Suriname 166,112 4. Papua New Guinea 114,216 5. Bhutan 106,923 102. CHINA 2,092 十（2014 四川卷） A Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life? If yes. don't care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you'll make it! Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals) Place: Manchester Hours: Part Time We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! Role: You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. Skills and Experience Required: You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you. 31. The text is meant to ______ . A. leave a note B. send an invitation C. present a document D. carry an advertisement 32. What docs the underlined part mean? A. You'll make others' lives more meaningful with this job. B. You'll arrive home just in time from this job. C. You'll earn a good salary from this job. D. You'll succeed in getting this job. 33. The volunteers' primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ______ . A. to get some financial support B. to properly protect themselves C. to learn some new living skills D. to realize their own importance 34. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer? A. The one who can drive a car. B. The one who has done similar work before. C. The one who has patience to listen to others. D. The one who can use English to communicate. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文属于应用文中的广告，为了招聘志愿者来照顾有学习障碍的人，对志愿者提出了具体的 要求。 31. 【答案】D【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三行 Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant 可以得知，本 文是一则招志愿者的广告。 32. 【答案】A 【试题解析】猜测词义题。固定搭配 make it 的本意“做到，成功”及结合文章前两句话 Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes…可知是指这份 工作是为了对别人的生活产生积极的影响，让别人的生活更有意义。故 A 正确。 33. 【答案】 D【试题解析】细节题。根据倒数第二段最后一句 But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued 可知主要任务就让他们知道自己是有价值的，也就是说知道自己的重要性。故 D 正确。 34. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后一句 Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you对你来说之前有关的工作经历可能是一个很大的优势。故 B 正确。 十一（2014 天津卷） A A Guide to the University Food The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study. If you are on campus in the evening or lat at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching. Relaxation The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying , cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays. Health Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9am to noon and 1;00 to 4;30pm. Academic Support All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 –minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free. Transportation The TWU Express is a shuttle( 班车 ) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between9am and 3pm. Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1. 36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria? A. Do homework and watch TV B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts C. have meals and meet with friends D. Add money to your ID and play chess 37. Where and when can you cook your own food? A. The Globe, Friday B. The Lower Café, Sunday C. The TWU Cafeteria , Friday D. The McMillan Hall , Sunday. 38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre _________. A. is open six days a week B. offers services free of charge C. trains students in medical care D. gives advice on mental health 39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre? A. By applying online B. By calling the centre C. By filling in a sign-up form D. By going to the centre directly 40. What is the function of TWU Express? A. To carry students to the lecture halls. B. To provide students with campus tours C. To take students to the Mattson Centre. D. To transport students to and from the stores. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文介绍了 the TWU 大学里的一系列服务的指导信息，从食物到健康到购物等等。 36. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章 Food第一段首尾句 The TWU Cafeteria is open 7am to 8pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals.和 Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study 可知在这里你可以吃东西也可以和朋友见 面或者学习。故 C 正确。 37.【答案】A【试题解析】推理题。根据 Relaxation 部分的 The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying , cooking, and eating.和 closed on Sundays.可知 The Globe 可以 cooking 也就是自己做饭。只在星期天是关门的。故 A 项 The Globe, Friday 是正确的。 38. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Health 部分中 Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health.可知这个中心致力于身体，精神上的健康问题。 也就是说如果你有健康方面的问题，就到这里寻求建议和帮助。故 D正确。 39. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Academic Support 部分中 You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30 –minute appointments per week maximum. 可知你报名并填写一个 报名表就可以参加 the Writing Centre 得到他们在语法，词汇书写技巧方面的帮助了。故 C 正确。 40.【答案】D【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一部分中的 The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre.可知 The TWU Express 的作用就是在学校和商店之 间运送学生。顾 D正确。 【长难句解析】Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.【翻译】即使你不在餐厅里购买食物，你也可以使用餐厅里的桌子吃午餐，见朋 友或者学习。【分析】本句中的 even if 引导的是一个让步状语从句，表示即使，尽管；主句里的连续三个 不定式 to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study 在句中充当目的状语。 十二（2014 新课标 I） A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at :http:// cambridgesciencefestival.org. 21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th. C. On March 15th D. On April 21st. 23. What type of writing is this text? A .An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report. 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文属于应用文中的通知，主要介绍了 The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge 剑桥 科技节的很多信息，介如活动的流程，时间节点等。 21.【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段 2,3 行 The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.可知这个活动主要的参加对象是学校里的学生。故 A 正确。 22. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第三段 Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.可知进入挑战赛的 并获奖的同学将在 4 月 21 日的颁奖典礼上接受颁奖。故 D正确。 23【答案】.C 【试题解析】推理题。本文主要介绍了 The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge 剑 桥科技节的很多信息，属于应用文中的通知。也就是让别人知道这件重大活动的情况。故 C 正确。 【长难句解析】Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.【翻译】进入 Curiosity Challenge 并被选为获胜者的学生 将会在 4 月 21 日一个特别的仪式上被授奖。【分析】本句中含有一个定语从句 who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners，修饰先行词 students。这个定语从句中的谓语部分是有 and 连接的两 个并列的动词短语。 十三（2014 新课标 II） D Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail(地铁) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer. Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change. Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours of Service Open: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun . Close midnight Sun—Thur. Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station. Metrobus When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip CARD the fare is $1.25 Fares for the Senior /disabled customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100 Travel tips . avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m. . if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195. 12. what should you know about farecard machine? A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m. B. They are connected to change machines. C. They offer special service to the elderly. D. They make change for no more than $5. 13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m. 14. What is good about a SmarTrip card? A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet. 15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro? A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100 C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000 【考点】考察广告应用类阅读 【文章大意】本文是一则地铁使用指南，介绍了乘坐地铁以及 Metrobus 各方面要注意的信息，包括零钱， 时间以及注意事项等等。 5. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据 Metrorail(地铁)部分第 4 行 farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.可知换的零钱只有 5 美元。故 D 正确。 6. 【答案】B 【试题解析】本题原文里没有提供信息（可能是扫描版遗漏） 7. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据 Metrobus 部分 When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip CARD the fare is $1.25，可知使用 smatTrip CARD 支付，会比直接付钱省 了$0.1，所以它对于用户来说是可以省钱的。故 B 正确。 8. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章最后一行 if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.可知如果丢了东西，可以拨打电话 202-962-1195。故 A 正确。 【长难句解析】Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100 【翻译】老年人和残疾人顾客可以通过拨打 202-962-1100 获得免 费的关于如何使用 Metrobus and Metrorail的指导说明。【解析】本句中介词 on 后面有一个“特殊疑问词+to do sth”做宾语的结构。在本句中 how to use proper…作为介词 on 的宾语。该结构还可以作为主语，宾语或 者表语，定语等。 读写任务题形讲与练(附参考答案) 一、考查形式 高考英语广东卷写作第二节为“读写任务”，“读写任务”的命题形式即材料的呈现形式通常是文字材料。 二、考查内容 读写任务的考查内容和基础写作相同，依然遵循课标 24 个写作话题。 1 学生个人情况 1 3 文娱与体育(电影电视、国际赛事) 2 家庭、朋友与周围的人 1 4 日常活动(洗刷、洗澡、吃饭、行走等) 3 周围的环境 1 5 个人情感、情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐) 4 健康 1 6 语言学习、语言文化、交际 5 天气 1 7 学校生活(建筑、夏令营、郊游、野炊等) 6 旅游和交通 1 8 兴趣与爱好(美术、表演、体育、集邮、阅读等) 7 自然(火灾、地震) 1 9 历史与地理(中外进步的、主要的历史人物、事件) 8 人际关系 2 0 社会(现代名人、法律法规、服饰、习俗与文化) 9 计划与愿望 2 热点话题(人口、环保、犯罪与惩罚、社会阶层差异) 1 1 0 节日 2 2 文学与艺术(著名文学家、文学作品、艺术家) 1 1 购物 2 3 世界与环境(土地使用、污染、人口、住房) 1 2 饮食 2 4 科普知识与现代技术(最新发明、医学进步、电脑科学) 三、能力要求 读写任务是有材料作文，要求考生在阅读的基础上写一篇相关主题的作文，主要考查篇章概括和语言 表达能力。 读写任务应测试的能力 四、解题技巧 读写任务首先要从“概括短文的内容”人手。概括文章大意的技巧如下： 1. 集中于文章主旨，省去具体细节、例子等； 要准确而简洁地概括文章大意，可以以一个主题句为中心，以关键词为补充的方法进行概括。用自己 的语言陈述的具体方法： 1）通过使用近义词对主题句进行解析。如： 原句： Sometimes, however, you have to give up your interest for one thing or another. 改为：However, on some occasions you have to give up your interest for some reasons. 2） 通过改变句子结构对主题句进行解析。如： 原句：Developing a good habit will help you achieve a lot in your work and life. 改为：By developing a good habit, you will achieve a lot in your work and life. 3）通过改变语态对主题句进行解析。如： 原句：The government should take some measures to stop public smoking. 改为：Some measures should be taken to stop public smoking. 2．概括要全面，删去细节，只要主要事实(信息)：切忌加入个人的观点。 3．语言要简练，概括后句子的词数必须满足试题的要求。 4．概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文要连贯：在概括短文的内容时应找准主题句，抓住关词；表达一个 完整的意思时适当用复合句。注意不要用短文中的原句。 五、高考实例 2008 广东高考读写任务 (共 1 小题,满分 25 分) 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.1 went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I needed to know some basic life skills. such as balancing a check—book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it— good facilities, helpful instructors. and a good library. The Students’ Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that way ··· it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. [写作内容] 学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完 Mike 的发言之 后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”，内容要点包括： 1. 以约 30 个词概括 Mike的发言要点； 2. 然后以约 120 个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括： (1) 对中学生活的感受； (2) 理想的大学生活； (3) 中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打算如何适应。 [写作要求] 1. 在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的 句子； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [命题特点] 1．今年的读写任务是以“Preparing Myself for College Life”为题写一篇关于“大学校园生活”的发言 稿，给定了三个提纲：(1)对中学生活的感受；(2)理想的大学生活；(3)中学生活与大学生活的差别，以及你 打算如何适应。要求考生在阅读的基础上写一篇相关主题的作文，主要考查考生的篇章概括和语言表达能 力。试题要求考生阅读 Mike 的发言稿之后，自己写一篇发言稿，谈理想的大学生活，并概括 Mike的发言 稿的内容；根据自己的经历发表对中学生活的感想；发挥想象力描绘未来的大学生活；概括现实的中学生 活与想象的大学生活之间的差异， 并思考如何适应这些差异。 2．试题题意清晰，对象明确，贴近学生生活，关注学生的内心感受，使各种水平的学生都有话可说， 有感而发，较好地激活了学生的语言表达能力，提供学生较大的自由发挥空间。考生在表达时可充分挖掘 和调动所学语言知识，并灵活运用语言表达意思，达到语言应用的目的，体现了新课标对测试的要求：以 测试能力为主。 3．读写任务的概括部分没有审题的陷阱，直接概括整篇材料要点即可。 [解题思路] 1．用大约 5 分钟时间阅读所给短文，找出每一段的主题句。第一段：The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. 第二段：I loved it -- good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library.第三段：One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things.概括短文内容要点时要注意： 1)用自己的话概括，不要照抄段落原文； 2)用大约 30 个词概括，不要超过 35 个词或少于 25 个词； 3)概括时不要模式化，要灵活应变，同时不要把人称和对象搞混，概括这篇短文时人称须改换成第三 人称； 4)不要离题，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点或经历； 5)概括要全面、完整，不能只写一半内容； 6)避免出现虽然概括切题，但表达错误太多的问题，这样会前功尽弃，因为首先进入阅卷教师眼帘的 是概括部分，错误太多会对下面主题写作的表达评分影响很大。 概括短文内容时有不同的方法，现举几例： A. Mike successfully overcame the difficulties in adapting to the independent living in the first year of college, and he became an active student on the campus enjoying his college life. B. Mike made a description of his college life in his speech. Although it might be tough for him to make the adjustment because of homesickness and life practice at first, Mike loved the college life and practiced a lot. C. Mike talks about how he went through his first year of college. At first, he felt tough and homesick. But after the first semester, he got used to it and became active. 3．概括短文要点后进行主题写作，写作内容包括： 1)中学生活的感受，可以泛泛而谈，如：As far as I'm concerned, the life in high school is stressful and a little bit boring. We had to learn a lot of things every day, and prepare for the monthly tests. When in Grade Three, I felt rather nervous because I'm going to take the college-entry examination in June. That's the turning point of my life! 也可以谈具体的某一方面，即你印象最深刻的一方面，如：What impresses me most is that our class is a harmonious one since the teachers treat us kindly and fairly and all my classmates get on well with each other. When someone is in trouble, the others will give him or her a hand without hesitation and help him or her out of difficulty. 2)想象中的大学生活，内容包括理想的大学、校园环境、学习环境、社团活动、交友、挑战等，如： At the same time, I am eager to go to study in the college. I hope my college life will he full of excitement and interesting things. I can choose my favourite courses and study happily in the college. What's more, I expect to make friends with people from the north of China or other parts, so that I can have a better understanding of the things there. 3)概括中学生活与大学生活之间的差异，如大学生活更丰富、更自由、更富有挑战性和独立性，也可 以谈充分利用大学时间学好本领，锻炼意志等，如：Where is no doubt that there are lots of differences between high school life and college life. In high school, we don't have to care much about ourselves since our parents do almost everything for us. However, in college we will have to face more problems and solve them on our own. We need to do everything without our parents' help and learn some basic living skills that we have never had before. 4)结尾：为了使文章结构更完整清晰，别忘了在最后加上 l—2 句总结性的句子，如 In brief, let's take a positive attitude towards the coming new college life and spare no effort to get used to it. I'm sure we will have a bright future. 4．进行主题写作时要注意以下几点： 1)要注意格式，概括的内容和正文要分段，各要点最好也分段，做到层次分明，条理清楚。 2)段落间要注意衔接和过渡自然，各段落要有主题句，如下面一篇学生写作，值得我们借鉴： Mike noted that he was fond of college life after a period of tough adjustment. He found life in college colourful and took part in various activities, through which he made many friends. Mike's speech reminds me of my life as a high school student. In the past three years, I have made lots of improvement both physically and mentally with the help of my teachers and fellow students. Besides, the tough but interesting experience greatly shaped my value towards life and the world. So I am convinced that I have been well prepared for my coming college life. As a diligent student, I have been dreaming of becoming a college student for years. In my ideal university, not only can I gain ample scientific knowledge but I can also participate in some social activities, such as the Students' Union, through which my horizon will surely be broadened. Thus, all-rounded improvements can be made. Having realized the differences between college and high school, I know I have to make adjustment. For instance, the former life is stricter and more formal. So I will look into some related information in advance. Now, I can hardly wait to paint my life in college with bravery and hope. All in all, I'm looking forward to the new college life. I will prepare myself well and make improvement bit by bit. 3)谋篇布局要突出重点，紧扣主题。避免在 120 字中用太多的笔墨描述自己的经历，以致写第 2 个和 第 3 个要点时文字很少，给评卷教师跑题、离题的印象。 4)句与句之间要分明，即要学会断句，该用句号用句号，该用逗号用逗号，该用连词就用连词，如： Last year, I was addicted to computer games, it took me so much time to play, my study was delayed. = Last year, I was addicted to computer games. It took me so much time to play. My study was delayed. = Last year, I was addicted to computer games and it took me so much time to play so my study was delayed. = Last year, I was addicted to computer games, which took me so much time to play so my study was delayed. 5．写草稿和修改草稿。高考要求考生在 30 分钟内完成一篇读写任务，建议考生打个草稿，完成后检 查如下项目： 1)内容要点是否完整，文章是否连贯、过渡自然； 2)是否有时态错误(写第一个要点最好用过去时，第二个要点用一般将来时，第三个要点用 一般现在 时)和一些诸如主谓不一致、动词重叠、缺词、多词等低级错误； 3)是否有单词拼写和词组搭配错误； 4)是否有大小写、标点符号和断句等错误。 6．誊写定稿：誊写时要对写作中由于粗心造成的错误做个别改动，做到书写工整、卷面整洁。 六、实战演练 读写任务专题练习 第 1 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文： Shopping online is becoming very popular, on which people cannot only buy various physical products, such as electrical appliances, clothes, shoes, hooks, but also get all kinds of information, like on-line news, newspapers and magazines and blogs. Besides, people can download computer software and services such as booking airline tickets or hotel rooms are available on the Internet. Shopping online has many advantages, of which the most important one is convenience. We can go shopping whenever and wherever we like and it is often cheaper to buy goods online. However, we should be very careful when shopping online so as not to be cheated. [写作内容] 1)以约 30 个词概括上文的主要内容； 2)以约 120 个词表达你对这件事情的看法，并包括以下要点： ①你对上面阅读材料的观点的看法； ②解释你的理由并提出你的建议： [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文 中的句子；标题自定： 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称： [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：方便 convenient／convenience，观点 opinion，建议 suggestion, 提高警惕 keep one's eye open/be careful, 向某人提供某物 provide sb with sth. 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要，Shopping online is becoming very popular, on which people cannot only buy various physical products,/but also get all kinds of information,/Besides, people can download computer software and services/Shopping online has many advantages,/we should be very careful when shopping online so as not to be cheated. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。无论“你对上面 阅读材料的观点的看法”还是“解释你的理由并提出你的建议”来看，文章应为评论性文字和结论性的观 点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态较为多见。 Be Careful When Shopping Online Popular shopping online with many advantages makes people buy various physical products, get all kinds of information and download computer software and services, but we should avoid being cheated. I can't agree more with the above opinion. As a matter of fact, shopping online provides us a lot of convenience and benefits, which meets the demand of modem people's lifestyles. As I am concerned, despite many advantages of it, we are also faced with a lot of troubles and cheatings. At the same time, When shopping online, we can't see the real products we buy or check their quality, so we really should keep our eyes open when shopping online so that we may be cheated and get a loss of our money, used to buy things. All in all, when shopping online, please look before you leap. 读写任务专题练习 第 2 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 About 40 percent of the top students in college entrance examinations have chosen overseas universities for their postgraduate studies, according to a survey. About 40 percent of the top students in college entrance examinations have chosen overseas universities for their postgraduate studies, according to a survey. Most of them have stayed overseas after finishing their intended courses, showed a survey that tracked 130 top performers in college entrance exams from 1977 to 1998. The survey, released on the China Alumni Association website, found it worrying that many of the top students would not stay in China for higher studies despite the country's rapid development in the past few decades. The government should find better ways to hold back talented students, said Cai Yanhou, a professor with Central South University. in Changsha, capital of Hunan Province. UNESCO figures show Chinese students comprise 14 percent of international students, the highest in the world. Their favorite destinations for higher studies are the US, Britain and Japan. Some experts said handsome scholarships, better job prospects and more opportunities to pursue further studies are the main attractions of foreign universities. But Cai, who also led the survey team, said "top in exams" does not necessarily mean "top in career'' because the study found none of the top students at college entrance exams had become a top Chinese expert or academic The entrance exam is just one of the numerous exams a person will go through in his life and that can't foretell his future achievements, said Wang Xummg, a spokesman for the Ministry, of Education. He criticized the media hype over the so-called zhuangyuan. [写作内容] 1、以约 30 个词概括短文中的联合国教科文组织对中国高考状元出国留学的调查的要点。 2、然后以约 120 个词就“应如何看待高考状元出国留学?”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括下面要 点： ． 1)高考状元不应到外国去念书，考试成绩好不等于以后可以在外国找到好工作： 2)高考状元到外国去念书，有不少人因为良好的工作条件和待遇而没回国，造成人才流失： 3)作为高考状元，应该有良好服务祖国的理想，即使出国留学，也应为祖国服务： 4)假如你是高考状元，你会出国留学吗?为什么? [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文 中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：服务祖国 serve our motherland,出国留学 study abroad, 为祖国做贡献 contribute oneself to one's motherland，建设 construction/construct. 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：UNESCO' s survey / 14% of Chinese students have the big percentage of studying abroad / the reason why the Chinese students' favorite destinations for big, her studies are the US, Britain and Japan. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。作文是评论性文 字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。 3. Be Grateful For My Country UNESCO's survey tells us that 14% of Chinese students have the big percentage of studying abroad, and why US, Britain, and Japan become their favourite places for their further education. The top students in college entrance examinations shouldn't study abroad. In fact, good achievements in their study don't mean that they will be able to find better jobs abroad. What's more, some talented students won't return to our motherland because of the better conditions abroad. As top students in college entrance examinations, they should contribute themselves to our motherland even if they stay abroad. In my opinion, if I have a good chance to study abroad, I will study harder and return to con tribute to the construction of my country with the knowledge, experience and wealth acquired abroad. It is commonly said that blood is thicker than water. I should be grateful for my homeland's nourishment and support. 读写任务专题练习 第 3 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 I started thinking about this issue at my brother-in-law's 60th birthday party last Saturday. Before we ate the main meal we sat around a table that was loaded with large bowls of snack items－chocolate－covered peanuts, cherries (樱桃), and a few other things. The eater had to reach into the bowl and grab a handful of snacks and then convey them to the mouth with the other hand. A lot of people were strangers to me and I observed a cat being carried around, a dog being petted, and a number of noses being blown, between eating handfuls of snacks. Ugh！ I started thinking about Chinese table manners. My wife and I will share things from the same plate or cup but we always put serving spoons out with the dishes on the table. We don't frequently use them, though. In my family we use our personal chopsticks to take food from the serving dishes. But we are careful and only touch the food we will eat ourselves. I have heard of some people who use two sets of chopsticks, one for eating, and one for serving. I have also seen some people who invert their chopsticks, that is, to serve other people with the other ends that haven't touched their lips. [写作内容] 1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为 30； 2．然后以大约 120 词，就“Table Manners and Hygiene (卫生)”的主题发表你的看法，并包括以下的 内容要点： 1)以自己或周围的人为例，简述自己或周围人的就餐习惯；． 2)你如何看待自己或周围人的有关就餐习惯； 3)出于卫生考虑，你觉得是否有必要使用公筷，请说明理由： [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文 中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：公筷 communal or serving chopstick，卫生 hygiene,赞成 be in favor of，显示友好 show hospitality，推荐 recommend，优先 priority。 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：I started thinking about this issue at my brother-in-law's 60th birthday party last Saturday. / The eater had to reach into the bowl and grab a handful of snacks and then convey them to the mouth with the other hand. / I started thinking about Chinese table man- hers. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是讨论“就 餐习惯”问题，属于是评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态。 答案 Table Manners and Hygiene This passage describes the author's experience of witnessing people's unhealthy table manners at a birthday party, which gave rise to his opinion on the promotion of health and hygiene at dinner. In terms of table manners and hygiene, people's habits vary. from person to person. Some of them have the preference of stirring the food, hunting for what seems to be their favourite bits, with the aid of their own chopsticks. To show hospitality, some hosts or hostesses frequently feed food into the guest's dish, ignoring the serving chopsticks or spoons. Worse of all, some diners never hesitate to dig or blow their nose at table, making disgusting noise. Personally, I am not quite in favour of the above manners, which is very likely to transfer /spread diseases. I absolutely agree with the author that communal or serving chopsticks and spoons are recommended to avoid the transference of any diseases while dining. There is no denying that dining together is the time for intimateness or close relationship between the relevant members or friends. However, the consideration of health and hygiene is significant as well To conclude, priority should be given to healthy and hygienic manners at table so as to create a pleasant and harmonious dining atmosphere. 读写任务专题练习 第 4 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 I started thinking about this issue at my brother-in-law's 60th birthday party last Saturday. Before we ate the main meal we sat around a table that was loaded with large bowls of snack items－chocolate－covered peanuts, cherries (樱桃), and a few other things. The eater had to reach into the bowl and grab a handful of snacks and then convey them to the mouth with the other hand. A lot of people were strangers to me and I observed a cat being carried around, a dog being petted, and a number of noses being blown, between eating handfuls of snacks. Ugh！ I started thinking about Chinese table manners. My wife and I will share things from the same plate or cup but we always put serving spoons out with the dishes on the table. We don't frequently use them, though. In my family we use our personal chopsticks to take food from the serving dishes. But we are careful and only touch the food we will eat ourselves. I have heard of some people who use two sets of chopsticks, one for eating, and one for serving. I have also seen some people who invert their chopsticks, that is, to serve other people with the other ends that haven't touched their lips. [写作内容] 1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为 30； 2．然后以大约 120 词，就“Table Manners and Hygiene (卫生)”的主题发表你的看法，并包括以下的 内容要点： 1)以自己或周围的人为例，简述自己或周围人的就餐习惯；． 2)你如何看待自己或周围人的有关就餐习惯； 3)出于卫生考虑，你觉得是否有必要使用公筷，请说明理由： [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文 中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：公筷 communal or serving chopstick，卫生 hygiene,赞成 be in favor of，显示友好 show hospitality，推荐 recommend，优先 priority。 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：I started thinking about this issue at my brother-in-law's 60th birthday party last Saturday. / The eater had to reach into the bowl and grab a handful of snacks and then convey them to the mouth with the other hand. / I started thinking about Chinese table man- hers. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是讨论“就 餐习惯”问题，属于是评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态。 答案： Table Manners and Hygiene This passage describes the author's experience of witnessing people's unhealthy table manners at a birthday party, which gave rise to his opinion on the promotion of health and hygiene at dinner. In terms of table manners and hygiene, people's habits vary. from person to person. Some of them have the preference of stirring the food, hunting for what seems to be their favourite bits, with the aid of their own chopsticks. To show hospitality, some hosts or hostesses frequently feed food into the guest's dish, ignoring the serving chopsticks or spoons. Worse of all, some diners never hesitate to dig or blow their nose at table, making disgusting noise. Personally, I am not quite in favour of the above manners, which is very likely to transfer /spread diseases. I absolutely agree with the author that communal or serving chopsticks and spoons are recommended to avoid the transference of any diseases while dining. There is no denying that dining together is the time for intimateness or close relationship between the relevant members or friends. However, the consideration of health and hygiene is significant as well To conclude, priority should be given to healthy and hygienic manners at table so as to create a pleasant and harmonious dining atmosphere. 读写任务专题练习 第 5 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Recently, I experienced the most severe disaster I had ever experienced in China. The snow and the Spring Festival transportation peak made the country a mass. To be exact, this may not be the most severe disaster, but I didn't experience it personally before, but this one, I feel people around me are impacted, and can imagine how bad the situation is. It was reported that there were power failures everywhere. Due to the snow in South China, many roads were completely blocked, and long distance buses were stuck there for 7 or more days. Instant noodle is reported to rise to 80 RMB from 1-3 RMB - and you can get it only after you still have money (after spending it to buy expensive goods), and you are lucky enough to find a seller. I cannot imagine to be stuck in the bus for so many days in snow - of cause there will be no air conditioning. There are still so many people rushing to train stations and bus stations, although there are no bus departures or trains there. In the next few days, my friends and colleges are heading back home. Good luck to them! [写作内容] 1．以约 30 个词概括短文的要点，并作为以下报道的开头。 2．然后以 120 个词写一篇报道，报道你家乡在这次冰雪天气的影响的情况，并说明你的希望： 并包括如下要点： 1)叙述你的家乡在这次南方冰雪天气造成的情况和影响(如对农业、渔业、交通、日常生活等方面)： 2)当地政府采取了什么措施。 3)你的期望或感想。 [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文 中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：采取措施 take measures to do sth./take action to do sth. 灾难 disaster，交通 transport／transportation，农业 agriculture，渔业 fishing industry，华南雪灾 the heavy snow in South China．冻死 be frozen to death。 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：The snow and the Spring Festival transportation peak made the country a mass. / Due to the snow in South China, many roads were completely blocked, and long distance buses were stuck there for 7 or more days./ It was reported that there were power failures everywhere. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子 i 文章是报道你家 乡在这次冰雪天气的影响的情况，属于对过去事情的回忆和叙述，故多用一般过去时态。“你的期望或感 想”属于评论行文字，故用一般现在时或一般将来时。 14. The Terrible Disaster In Our Town These days, the heavy, snow m South China caused a lot of trouble. With transportation systems seriously destroyed and water and electricity cut off, many people heading back home were stuck in roads and bus and railway stations. This was an experience of a college student heading back home. Our hometown in the South of Guangdong also suffered a severe cold, which brought inconvenience to people and did much harm to the fishing raising and vegetable farming here. Many fishes and vegetables were frozen to death. The vegetable price even doubled. The local government took action to fight against the terrible cold. They sought to help the bus sta6on and the fishing raising company, sent warm clothes to the elders and advised the people from other provinces to stay here, spending the Spring Festival. I wish the weather to be over soon. I wish my friends and other people heading back home a good luck! And I believe that our government can control and deal with the crisis. 读写任务专题练习 第 6 篇 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 A small town in southwest Britain is banning(禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste--a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury with a population of 1,500 agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. Last month, San Francisco became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags. Internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. Bangladesh already bans them, and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages. Modbury, about 225 miles southwest of London, has also declared a bag amnesty(宽限期), allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home. They will be sent for a reveling. The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking, who saw the effect of bags on mane life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman. She said response (反应) in the town so far had been "really positive .... Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway," Hosking told Sky News Television. [写作内容] 1、以约 30 个词概括短文的要点。 2、然后以约 120 个词就“应如何看待白色污染?”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括下面要点： 1)以你的生活经历为例，说明乱扔食品塑料袋和包装盒，对周边环境影响； 2)你对这种行为有什么看法? 3)对于 Modbury 镇的商店店主全部支持政府禁止塑料袋，而近来中国的“禁塑令”颁布后，中国不少 店主不会这样做，你与你的同学如何看这种现象? [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中 的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：禁止 ban，forbid；塑料袋 plastic bags． 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：A small town in southwest Britain is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste--a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe./Shopkeepers in Modbury with a population of 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday./Modbury, about 225 miles southwest of London, has also declared a bag amnesty, allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home. 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子：文章是讨论“应 如何看待白色污染?”问题，属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。 19. Environmental Protection Needs A Good Attitude Modbury, a small town in Britain, is taking measures to prevent people from throwing away plastic bags and those people in town including shopkeepers have good attitudes toward this action and support the government. Our town also has a similar situation. All the fast food restaurants are around our school. Every day, those, who have their dinner, are always throw4ng away the food plastic bags and boxes around our school, which does much harm to our health and our environment. In my opinion, we should take some measures to stop the bad behaviors if we want a harmonious society. Sometimes, some shopkeepers in China ignore our laws and do something harmful to us, which shows that they have no awareness of environmental protection. And, to some extent, in Britain people may have a better attitude toward the public affairs than we do. 高考英语完形填空专题复习(附参考答案) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___. The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses 3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While 4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However 12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of 13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar