专题16+时态和语态（一）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍 8页

‎ ‎ 动词的时态和语态是历年高考考查的重点之一。要学好时态和语态，首先要熟悉各种时态及其被动语态的构成形式；其次要深刻理解各种时态所表达的意义。高考常考的时态及其被动语态见下表：‎ ‎ 语 态 时 态 主 动 语 态 ‎ 被 动 语 态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 一般将来时 will do will be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing have/has been being done 过去完成进行时 had been doing had been being done 考点一 一般现在时 ‎1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎1. Every December Nobel Prizes ______ to people who have made outstanding contributions to ________ the world．(2014北京)‎ ‎ A．award B．are awarded C．awarded D．were awarded ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us. (2013湖南)‎ A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】由时间状语every night可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎2. 现在的情况或状态 ‎1. People _______ better assess to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. （2017北京）‎ A. will have B. have C. had D. had had ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】与以前相比较，是指现在的情况，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎2. Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. (2011全国I)‎ ‎ A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】由句意“这么早就制定计划没有意义”可知，这里说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎3. 客观事实或哲理 ‎1. He’s been informed that he _________for the scholarship because of his academic background. (2017江苏)‎ A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step . (2012全国I)‎ A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】解析： 这里是生活哲理，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎4. 日程安排，时刻表 ‎1. —So what is the procedure? (2013北京)‎ ‎ —All the applicants ______ before a final decision to be made by the authority.‎ ‎ A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里指日程安排，应用一般现在时；applicants与interview是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎2. A Midsummer Night's Dream ______ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆) A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened ‎ ‎ ‎5. 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来 ‎1. You’d better write down her phone number before you _______ it. (2014重庆)‎ ‎ A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】before引导时间状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎2. If we ______ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it. (2013全国I) A. hadn't acted B. haven't acted C. don't act D. won't act ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】if引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。‎ 考点二 一般过去时 ‎1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去的具体时间状语连用。‎ ‎1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? （2018北京）‎ ‎—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. ‎ A. start B. have started C. started D. had started ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】由时间状语on Monday可知，是从过去的这个周一开始的，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2. —_______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? (2017北京)‎ ‎—Yes, they are happy with it.‎ A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3. I’m calling about the apartment you ____ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽)‎ A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2. 过去某一段时间反复发生的动作或存在的状态 ‎ — You speak very good French!‎ ‎— Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009四川)‎ A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由句意可知，曾在四川大学学过四年法语。指过去一段时间反复发生的动作，用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎3. 文中隐含过去的时间或含有时间对比。‎ ‎1. The real reason why prices _____, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion ‎ ‎ can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2015江苏)‎ ‎ A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由and still are可知，这里是与过去相比较，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎ 2. —That must have been a long trip.‎ ‎ —Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011北京)‎ ‎ A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taken ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎4. 两个过去的动作相对比，发生在前的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。‎ After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. (2012山东) ‎ A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】主从句都表示过去的动作，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，则主句用一般现在时。‎ ‎5. 在since引导的时间状语从句中要用一般过去时。‎ The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______ on the market in 1973. (2010 重庆)‎ A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】since引导的时间状语从句中，用一般过去时，主句用完成时。‎ ‎6. 一般过去时代替过去完成时。在before或after引导的时间状语从句中，发生在前的动作也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。‎ She ________ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. （2014重庆）‎ A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】“变化”这个动作发生在“来”之前，用一般过去时代替过去完成时。‎ 提示：‎ 在高考命题中，有时考查瞬间的过去，这就要求考生能准确判断这个过去的时间。如：‎ Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way. (2010 全国)‎ A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.‎ A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这里指平时经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I __________ for Africa. ‎ A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】before引导时间状语从句，且表示将来，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎3. Unless some extra money ____, the theatre will close. ‎ A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】unless引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎4. Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (2010上海)‎ ‎ A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had ‎ ‎ ‎5. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______. (2012北京)‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】这里说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎6. The three of us ___________ around Europe for about a month last summer. (2012天津)‎ A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由时间状语last summer可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎7. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. (2012山东) A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】C 从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。‎ ‎8. Henry goes to a free class every Sunday afternoon which ______ at 4 pm. A. is to start B. will start C. starts D. started ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这里指按时刻表安排发生的动作，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎9. On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.‎ ‎ A. will take B. is taking C. took D. takes ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10. — Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎ — Yes. We _________ well by our hosts.‎ ‎ A. treated B. were treated C. would be treated D. had treated ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】问句用的是一般过去时，问的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎