2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（20） 12页

‎ 2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（20） ‎ Passage Eighteen (The Military Is In)‎ ‎   Things have really changed. Not only is the military standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officer’s Training Corps) programs, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications.‎ ‎   Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $‎60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable, especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is  $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years’ service it is $2,305. The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting ‘Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,’ just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced patriotism among the nation’s youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.‎ The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharply, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $‎500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this year’s freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the country.‎ Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid ‎ ‎70’‎s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is ancient history, something the old folks talk about.‎ ‎1.      What is the main idea of this passage?‎ ‎[A]. The Military is in                 . The Military is up ‎[C]. The Military is down              [D]. The Military is on ‎2.      What was the attitude of the students in ‎1970’‎s towards the military?‎ ‎[A]. Approval.     . Indifferent.      [C]. Distaste.     [D]. Scolding.‎ ‎3.      The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to ‎ ‎[A]. “become  visible”.               . “begin to grow”.‎ ‎[C]. “be made public”.                [D]. “gain a certain position”.‎ ‎4.      Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students.‎ ‎[A]. Free tuition.                     . Spacious room.‎ ‎[C]. Considerate allowance.             [D]. Technical training.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.   stage a comeback             再度走红，卷土重来 ‎2.   standing tall                 站得高 ‎3.   babykiller                   杀婴犯人 ‎4.   denounce                   谴责 ‎5.   elite                       杰出的，名牌的 ‎6.   ROTC=Reserve Office’s Training Cope               (美)后备军官训练队 ‎7.   falter                       动摇不定，踌躇不前 ‎8.   flourish                     繁荣兴旺 ‎9.   allure                       诱惑 ‎10.  come out                    进入社交界，扬名 ‎11.  the wide array                一大批，一大半 ‎12.  PX=Post Exchange            陆军消费合作社 ‎13.  sergeant                     中士 ‎14.  major                       少校 ‎15.  slick                        聪明的，非常好的，吸引人的 ‎16.  hallway                     门厅，过道 ‎17.  chant                       单调重复的说话（唱歌）‎ ‎18.  miscreant                   无赖，恶棍 ‎19.  retention rate                 继续服役率，服役期满不退役的比例 ‎20.  real bargain                  好买卖，十分划算 难句译注 ‎1.      The services’ slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation.‎ ‎[结构简析]  句子的主语是campaign. 这里指大规模的广告（advertising campaign）。Promising 修饰 campaign。‎ ‎2.      The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over.‎ ‎[参考译文]  由法官判一名无赖不去当兵就得坐牢的日子过去了。‎ ‎3.      And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target.‎ ‎[结构简析]  so …that 句型。‎ ‎[参考译文]  超役留队率现在很高，所以各个军种都要拒绝一些再入伍申请，并降低年度招兵指标。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是论述军队在美国地位提高的文章，主要采用因果写法，中插对比。‎ 答案祥解1.      A. 军队又吃香了。To be in 有“流行，时髦”之义。全篇文章围绕这一点而写。文章一开头就点名宗旨“事情真的变了，军队形象不仅高大，招收新兵的质量和数量明显得到恢复。”第二段开始：“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练和对学生慷慨贷款提高了诱惑力……。”第二段倒数第七句“许多军官感到关键性的变化是这个国家青年中的爱国心增强，当兵是一个荣誉职业的看法又恢复了。”都表示吃香。‎ B. to be up 有“完了，完毕，上涨”等义。    C. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等义。        D. to be on 有“上演，开着”等义。这里都讲不通。‎ ‎2.      C. 厌恶。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人员曾一度被反战学生谴责为‘杀婴犯’而拒之校园之外，现在甚至名牌大学都欢迎。后备军官训练队计划在越战时期曾动摇不定，抗议的人向部队投掷燃烧弹，如今又兴旺起来。”最后一段第二句“70年代中期，后备军官训练队学生不愿在校内穿制服，因为穿了就遭到各种嘲笑。”这些都说明70年代，学生对军队的态度是“厌恶”。所以 A. 赞成，        B. 漠不关心，          D. 漫骂，都不对。‎ ‎3.      获得地位。To come out 有 to gain certain position 获得（名次，地位）之义，也有appear, to be seen （出现，看得见）之义。这里的上下文，只能是D. 第二段第二句“学生们知道，要是参军，当上譬如核武器专家，他们就能扬名并可要求6万美元年薪。”‎ A. 看得见，       B. 开始成长，        C. 公开。‎ ‎4.      B. 宽敞的房间。‎ A. 免学费。       C. 相当高的津贴。     D. 技术培训，都提到过。第二段开始“可以肯定，经济萧条使得军队提供就业，技术训练以及对学生慷慨贷款等的诱惑力增大。”第三句“军队薪金尽管比不是私人公司中类似工作的工资，但已经很可观了，尤其考虑到军队里有一系列的福利待遇，如免费医疗，膳宿，军人消费合作社特惠等。”第三段“军事院校招收的学生数量多了，质量好，年头也就好过。私立大学里，学费和各类费用一直急剧上升，相比之下，上军事院校确实便宜，不仅学费全面，新生每月还可拿5百美元的补贴。‎ Passage Nineteen (Creative Process of Works)‎ The great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process?‎ Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?‎ John L.Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the ‎ controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”‎ The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.‎ Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’ theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work. ‎ In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from … ”‎ ‎1.      When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage called ‎[A]. Well.      . Vision.       [C]. Form.        [D]. Will.‎ ‎2.      Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ ‎[A]. The form determines the subject matter.‎ ‎. The idea determines the form.‎ ‎[C]. Vision makes beauty an actuality.‎ ‎[D]. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.‎ ‎3.      The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph means ‎[A]. accidentally.        . luckily.         [C]. thoroughly.         [D]. potentially.‎ ‎4.      The remembrance of things past is carried on in the ‎ ‎[A]. Deep Well.                     . Vision.‎ ‎[C]. Chaotic lights and shadows.        [D]. Conscious mind.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.   fuse                      融化，结合 ‎2.   intuition                   直觉 ‎3.   Xanadu                  是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人Sanul T Coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“Kubla Khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）‎ ‎4.   John  L. Lowes            1876——1945年美国学者，批评家及教师 ‎5.   tantalizing                 引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得 ‎6.   fortuitous                  偶然的，幸运的 ‎7.   parallel                   相应于 ‎8.   sparse                    稀少，稀疏 ‎9.   synthesis                  综合，综合法 难句译注 ‎1.      …by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.‎ ‎[参考译文] 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。‎ ‎2.      …still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.‎ ‎[参考译文] 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。‎ ‎3.      There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuitously blending images; but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.‎ ‎[结构简析] 注意介词短语和定从。With its chaos…, 是修饰deep well. Which sees shinning 定语从句修饰Vision.  And 后的with the vision, 却是状语。Which gives 又是定从，修饰Will.‎ ‎[参考译文] 有……那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。‎ ‎4.      lights and shadows       艺术上有 light and shade  明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 ‎   文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的Road to Xanadu ‎ 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介——学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。‎ A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。     B. 洞察力，视觉。     C.形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。‎ ‎2.      B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介——学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。‎ A. 形式决定主题。      C. 形象使美变得真实。      D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。‎ ‎3.      A.  偶然的。‎ B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。‎ C. 彻底的，透彻的。         D. 潜在的，可能的。‎ ‎4.      A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志……。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。‎ B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维 Passage Twenty (NCB in Interpol)‎ The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.‎ As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim ‎ battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.‎ Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nation’s law and authority and retains its national title.‎ Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Network stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leray’s photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.‎ ‎1.      What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A]. The Function of the Interpol.           . The Quality of the Interpol.‎ ‎[C]. The Organization of the Interpol.        [D]. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.‎ ‎2.      The organization of this passage is ‎ ‎[A]. general to specific.                   . cause and effect.‎ ‎[C]. comparison and contrast.              [D]. development.‎ ‎3.      The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ‎ ‎[A]. a lot of employees busying in their work.‎ ‎. many office workers busying with various documents.‎ ‎[C]. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.‎ ‎[D]. workers busying in their own information.‎ ‎4.      Which is the easiest tool to communicate?‎ ‎[A]. Satellite.                        . Radio.‎ ‎. Teleprinter.                      [D]. Phototelegraphy.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      Interpol                           国际刑警组织 ‎2.      outfit                             全班人马，有组织团体 ‎3.      chisel-jawed                       仪表英俊的 ‎4.      gimlet-eyed                        目光锐利的 ‎5.      jeopardy                          危险 ‎6.      flatteringly                        奉承 ‎7.      choke                            闷死 ‎           choking on their own statistics  被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来 ‎8.      as with most generalities             和大多数笼统说法一样 ‎9.      grim                             冷酷的 ‎10.      drone                            懒汉，懒洋洋的人 ‎11.      shuffle                           反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）‎ ‎12.      charisma                         超凡的魅力 ‎13.      National Central Bureaus             国家中心局 ‎14.      Treasury Department                财政部（美）‎ ‎15.      Questura                          警察局（意）‎ ‎16.      Melbourne                         墨尔本警察局 ‎17.      chore                             日常零星工作 ‎18.      to be bound to                      受……的约束，义务，一定……‎ ‎19.      geographic zone                    地区，地带 ‎20.      versatile                          有多方面用途的 ‎21.      radio-teleprinter                    无线电打印机 ‎22.      phototelegraph                     传真 ‎23.      daring                            大胆的 ‎24.      holdup                           抢劫 ‎25.      alert                              使警惕，使处于待命状态 难句译注 ‎1.      The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.‎ ‎[结构简析] 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.‎ ‎[参考译文] 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。‎ ‎2.      There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.‎ ‎[结构简析] 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。‎ ‎[参考译文] 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。‎ ‎3.      Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.‎ ‎[结构简析] 这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in…，Oceans are crossed in…, villains are watched by …。‎ ‎[参考译文] 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。‎ ‎4.      These are the front-line troops, the action people.‎ ‎[参考译文] 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到NCB，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一——国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以 A. B. 不对。    D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。‎ ‎2.      A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。‎ B. 因果   和    C. 对比。  不对。    D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。‎ ‎3.      C. stuff=crowd  办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。‎ A. 有许多雇员忙于工作；  B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件；   D. 忙于自己信息的工人。   这三项都没有。‎ ‎4.  B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传真电报，不对。‎