考点26+并列句和状语从句-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过 15页

考点26 并列句和状语从句 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 考向一 并列句 ‎ 一、并列连词 ‎1.表示并列关系的连词：‎ and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。‎ ‎ We are singing and they are dancing.‎ or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示＂和，与＂；‎ 用于＂祈使句+or+陈述句＂中，意为＂否则，要不然＂。‎ The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk.‎ both…and：＂两个都……＂，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.‎ either…or…：＂要么……要么＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。‎ ‎ Either she or I am right.‎ neither…nor: ＂既不……也不……＂，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。‎ ‎ Neither he nor I am right.‎ not only…but also: ＂不仅……而且……＂，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.‎ ‎2. 表示转折关系的并列连词 but ‎＂但是＂，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。‎ Our school is small but beautiful.‎ while ‎＂然而，可是＂，表对比。‎ He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.‎ yet ‎＂但是，然而＂，用于转折。‎ I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。‎ ‎3. 表示因果关系的并列连词 ‎ ‎ ‎ for：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ so：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 其他常用并列连词 ‎ when：＂就在那时＂，常用句型：‎ ‎ be about to do…when…‎ ‎ be going to do…when…‎ ‎ be doing…when…‎ ‎ ►I was about to leave when the telephone rang. ‎ 二、并列句 ‎ 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。‎ 在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。‎ 常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor … ‎ 并列连词词组有：either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only…but also… ‎ 连接副词有：besides, furthermore, moreover …‎ 1. 表示联合关系 常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等连词 There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.‎ I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.‎ 2. 表示选择关系 常用or, either …or 等连词 We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.‎ ‎…either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. …‎ 3. 表示转折和对比关系 ‎ 常用yet， but， however， while 等 ‎ but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。‎ Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. ‎ They wanted to charge ﹩5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.‎ In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.‎ One can not see wind, however, it does exist.‎ I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.‎ The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.‎ He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)‎ It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)‎ 4. 表示因果关系 常用so， for，therefore等连接词 I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.‎ It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.‎ He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.‎ 1. 表示条件或者结果 常用and或者or等连词 Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.‎ Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident .‎ Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.‎ You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past.‎ 2. 表示递进关系 常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。‎ Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。‎ ‎(1)祈使句，and/or＋主谓结构。‎ ‎(2)名词短语，and＋主谓结构。‎ ‎(3).be about to...when...正要……这时突然……‎ Climb to the top of the mountain，and you'll get a good view of the city.‎ Hurry up，or you'll be late.‎ Another five minutes，and I'll finish the composition.‎ A few minutes and they went away.‎ He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.‎ ‎2.however，but，while的用法比较。‎ however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。‎ He was ill，but he still kept on working. ‎ What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didn't believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。‎ There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。‎ ‎3.(1) so不能与because连用。‎ ‎(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用 ‎ ‎ ‎1.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.‎ ‎【参考答案】but改为and ‎ ‎ ‎2.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改为went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.‎ ‎【参考答案】so改为but/yet ‎【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。‎ ‎3. （2017·新课标III卷·短文改错）I had（改为have） grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.‎ ‎【参考答案】and改为but ‎【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。‎ ‎4. (2017·北京卷·单项填空)—Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A. but B. or C. for D. so ‎【参考答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎5.(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.‎ A. so B. and C. for D. but ‎【参考答案】C ‎【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果；and表并列关系；for补充说明原因；but表转折。故选C。‎ 考向二 状语从句 定义 在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后，一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词（连接词）引导。‎ 分类 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。‎ 方式状语从句 as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。‎ as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。‎ 原因状语从句 because, since, as和for ‎ ‎（1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。‎ ‎（2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。‎ 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。‎ ‎ ‎ 分类 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so ‎ 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。‎ 注意：‎ ‎① so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。‎ ‎② so…that与 such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。‎ 条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。‎ 注意：unless = if not.　‎ 让步状语从句 连接词though, although，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。‎ 比较状语从句 引导词及用法：（not） so / as … as, than, the +比较级…… the +比较级……, except/excepting that...（除了……）。‎ 时间状语从句 连接词：when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after, once /as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /no sooner…than ‎/hardly（scarcely,rarely）…when ,the first（second…）last/next/every /each /by the time等 ‎ ‎ 分类 时间状语从句 when/while/as 都表示＂当……的时候＂，但when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态，while侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态，as侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态，强调＂同一时间，一先一后，一边……一边……＂。‎ when的其他用法及意义：‎ ‎（1）＂突然，正在此时＂，常构成以下结构：‎ be（was/were）+ doing sth/about to do sth/on the point of doing sth/to do sth/on one’s way to...+when（vt-ed）... /had done…+when（vt-ed）..‎ ‎（2）＂既然/如果＂‎ until/till 二者意义相同，until 比till正式，句首只能用until。‎ 肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示＂直到……为止＂；否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示 ＂直到……才……＂，常构成＂not...until...=before...‎ 但not until放在句首时，主句应该半倒装（倒主不倒从）。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 分类 时间状语从句 since prep ＂自从……以来＂ 主句（一般/现在完成时）+since+时间点 adv. ＂从那以后＂ since then/ever since 强调某一动作或状态的一直，它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。‎ conj. 主句（一般/现在完成时）+since从句（vt-ed）‎ ‎（1）主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，必须强调动作的多次。‎ Great changes have taken place since I left this city.（take place 为终止性动词，故译为＂自从我离开这城市，发生了很多变化＂）‎ ‎（2）从句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示延续多长时间了，按正常语序翻译。‎ ‎（3）若从句谓语动词为延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示已结束多长时间了。‎ ‎（4）it is /was/has been+一段时间+since（vt-ed）... ＂自从……有多长时间了＂‎ before ‎＂在……之前；还没（来得及…….就； 趁着还没……＂‎ ‎【固定用法】‎ ① ‎ it was（not）/had done＋一段时间＋before（‎ vt-ed）…＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂‎ ‎ ‎ 分类 时间状语从句 ① ‎ it will（not）be＋一段时间＋before（一般式）… ＂还要过多久才……（不多久就……了）＂‎ ‎③ there is +一段时间+to go（=left）＋before（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂‎ ‎④ long before ＂不久前＂, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after ＂不久后＂,用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。‎ 其他 once（一旦/曾经，常放在句首）/as soon as/the moment ‎/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, ‎ ‎/hardly（scarcely,rarely）…when/no sooner…than （一……就……）； hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ no sooner置于句首须半倒装，构成hardlyscarcely,rarely/no sooner+had +s+done...when/than）.‎ the first（second…）time/last（next）time/every（each）time/by the time（常与完成时连用）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.It's much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.‎ A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that ‎【参考答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car.‎ A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only ‎【参考答案】A ‎ ‎【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选A。in case 以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 基础过关 I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词 ‎1. I have long been interested in space exploration ________I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.‎ ‎2.Oliver is not the right sort of person for the job，________I'll pay him off.‎ ‎3.I believed her—________surely she would not lie to me.‎ ‎4. And why are some people happy and successful________others aren't?‎ ‎5. It's not doing the things we like，________liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.‎ ‎6.The children must have got lost in the woods；________，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. ‎ II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词 ‎1. I will be grateful ________ you could give me a kind consideration.‎ ‎2. ________I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.‎ ‎3.________cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.‎ ‎4.Good opinions are worth sticking to ________they can benefit us all.‎ ‎5.Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.‎ ‎6.It took nearly two hundred years ________I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 题组二 能力提升 I.单项填空 ‎1. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, __________ plants can spread to new places.‎ A. so B. or C. for D. but ‎2.There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails.‎ A. since B．if C. as D. while ‎3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want to spend all day with her.‎ A. but B. and C．so D．or ‎4. I think we’d better keep to the subject, ______ we’ll waste our time．‎ ‎ A. and B. or C. but D. so ‎5.—Glad to see you, Kate.‎ ‎—Oh, my God. It’s been 20 years _______ we last saw each other.‎ A. when B. before C. after D. since ‎6.—What a terrible accident!‎ ‎—Yes. It happened _______ he four roads meet.‎ A. where B. that C. when D.as ‎7. _______ the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use.‎ A.As B. Since C. While D. When ‎8.China’s economy is sure to develop very quickly _______ the new government is able to work scientifically and practically.‎ A. even though B.in case C.as though D.in that ‎9.–I’m totally confused about why she steals things_______ she can easily afford to buy them.‎ A. if B. when C. while D. because ‎10._________be late again, he came to school by taxi this morning.‎ A. In order to B. So as to C. In order not to D. So as not to II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)‎ Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation, __1__he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian national hero.‎ He was born in India in 1869.As is recorded，he did not get married __2__13 years old, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, __3__studying law for three years and became a lawyer.__4__he returned to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.‎ In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious.__5__，he formed an organization __6__this was how he started to fight for equal rights.‎ Gandhi returned to India in 1915, __7__India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.__8__in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison __9__it was still not sure whether they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in __10__India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.‎ 题组三体验真题 ‎1.（2017·天津）I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ A. was driving B. have driven ‎ C. would drive D. drove ‎2.(2015·北京)He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.‎ A.so B. but ‎ C. or D. as ‎3.(2014·北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.‎ A. so B. or ‎ C. for D. but ‎4. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didn't want to spend all day with her.‎ A. but B. and ‎ C. so D. or ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 基础过关 I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词 ‎1.and 2.so 3.for 4.while 5.but 6.otherwise II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词 ‎1.if 2.When 3.Although 4.because 5.in case 6.before 题组二 能力提升 I.单项填空 ‎1.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲＂有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方＂，所以导致＂植物传播＂，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很高兴又遇见了珍妮， 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的didn't表示否定，由此可知这里是转折的意思。故选A。‎ ‎4. B 【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：我觉得我们最好是继续这一科目。否则会浪费我们的时间。and表并列关系；or表示选择；but表示转折；so表示因果。本题旨在说明要么继续这一科目，要么浪费时间，二者择一。故答案为B。‎ ‎5.D 【解析】考查连词。句意：——凯特，很高兴见到你。——天啊！自从我们上次相见已经20年了。A. when＂当……时候＂；B. before＂在……之前＂；C. after＂在……之后＂；D. since＂自从＂。Since引起时间状语从句，从句的时态用一般过去时，而主句中用现在完成时。故选D。‎ ‎6.A 【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：——多么可怕的事故！——是啊。它发生在四条路的交汇处。根据句意可知此处应用where引导地点状语从句，故选A。‎ ‎7.C 【解析】考查连词。as＂正如，因为＂；since＂自从，既然＂；while＂当……时候，尽管＂；when＂当……时候＂。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知，该空应表示让步＂尽管……＂。句意：尽管学生们觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣，但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值＂。故选C项。‎ ‎8.D 【解析】考查状语从句。A. even though即使，尽管；B. in case 以防，万一；C. as though好像；D. in that因为。句意：中国的经济一定会发展非常快速，因为新的政府能够科学地、实事求是地工作。根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10.C 【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意为：为了不再迟到，今天早晨他是打车来学校的。根据句意排除A、B两项，而so as not to不用于句首，故C项正确。‎ II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)‎ ‎1.and 2.until 3.after 4.When/As soon as 5.Therefore ‎ ‎6.and 7.when 8.Although/Though 9.and 10.and 题组三体验真题 ‎1.A 【解析】根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。此处when是并列连词。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. as作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，因此选择but。‎ ‎3.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲＂有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方＂，所以导致＂植物传播＂，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很高兴又遇见了珍妮， 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的didn't表示否定，由此可知这里是转折的意思。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎