高考英语总复习第一部分模块3Unit3Backtothepast知能演练轻松闯关牛津译林版 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Unit3　BacktothepastⅠ.单句语法填空1．His____________(come)homelateworrieshismother.答案：coming2．____________yearsgoby,Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher.答案：As3．Asteelworks____________(have)justbeenbuiltthere.答案：has4．Isawanoldman____________(knock)downbyacarjustnow.答案：knocked5．ThedoctortoldmeIwas____________needofagoodrest.答案：in6．An____________(explode)rippedthroughawarehousestoring“dangerousgoods”innorthChina’sTianjinCity.答案：explosion7．Hewasnotaware____________hehadcommittedanoffence.答案：that8．IagreethatKingPetershouldmakeasuitable____________(declare)．答案：declaration9．Sheoften____________(complaint)toherbossaboutherbeingpaidbadly.答案：complains10．Heachievedhisaimmorebyluckthan____________(judge)．答案：judgementⅡ.阅读理解(2016·河北邢台高三摸底考试)TheancientcityofChichenItzainsouthernMexicowasoneofthemostpowerfulcitiesandoneofthemostpowerfulancientcultures—theMaya.Buttoday,noonelivesthere.Itisonlyagroupofoldbuildings.However,peoplefromaroundtheworldstillcometoseeit.Peoplecometolearnaboutitsancientculture,andthecultureoftheMayanpeople.TheMayanculturebeganalmost3,000yearsagoandgrewinpartsofCentralAmerica.Butabout1,000yearsagoagroupcalledtheItzainvadedthecityandbuiltnewpartsofthecitybasedonnaturalwells.TheynamedthecityChichenItza,whichmeans“mouthofthewelloftheItza”．ThemostinterestingstructureinChichenItzaisthePyramidofKukulcan(库库尔坎金字塔),whosefoursidesallcometogetheratonepointatthetop.EachsideonthePyramidofKukulcanhas91steps.Andthereisonemorestepatthetopofthepyramid.Thestepsareasmanyasthedaysofayear.SomeexpertsbelievetheMayacouldhaveusedthisbuildingtohelpthemknowwhentoplantcrops.Eachdaythe8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。sunfallsonadifferentstepofthepyramid,whichcouldbeawaytofollowtheyear.ThepeopleofChichenItzaespeciallydesignedonebuildingtoobserveandstudythemovementofthestarsandplanets.Expertssaythattheobservatory(天文台)isoneofthemostcomplexstructurestheMayabuilt.Asetofstepswentupandaroundtheobservatorytower.Andtherewerewindowsinthetower.Eachwindowhadapurpose.Expertsbelievethatapersonlookingthroughoneofthesewindowscouldseeparticularstarsonparticulardates.TheMayamighthavebelievedthatstudyingthestarscouldtellthemthefuture.ChichenItzaisnowaUNESCOWorldHeritagesiteandanimportantpartoftheworld’shistory.【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有着悠久历史和文化的古城——奇琴伊察的相关情况。1．VisitorscametothecityofChichenItzato________．A．viewitsbeautifulsceneryB．experienceandexploretheMayancultureC．studyandobservestarsontheobservatoryD．learnsomethingaboutwhentoplantcropsB　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Peoplecometolearnaboutitsancientculture,andthecultureoftheMayanpeople”可知，游客到奇琴伊察市来是为了体验和探索玛雅文化，即B项正确。2．Whydidtheinvadersnamethecity“mouthofthewelloftheItza”?A．Becausenaturalwellscanbeseeninthecity.B．Becausethecityislargeinsize.C．Becausethecityisnewlybuilt.D．Becauseitslocationisvital.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“builtnewpartsofthecitybasedonnaturalwells”可推知，这座城市之所以如此命名，是因为它有天然的井，即A项正确。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．ChichenItzaisoneoftheworldheritagestoday.B．ThePyramidofKukulcanhas364steps.C．Windowsinthetowerpredicttheweatherinthefuture.D．ThecityofChichenItzahasalonghistoryof3,000years.A　解析：正误判断题。根据最后一段“ChichenItzaisnowaUNESCOWorldHeritagesiteandanimportantpartoftheworld’shistory”可知A项正确。根据第三段的前三句可知，有“4×91＋1＝365”个台阶，故B项错误；C项与文章第四段内容不符；根据第二段的第二、三句可知，ChichenItza距今约1000年，故D项错误。4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．ToevaluatetheMayanculture.B．TopersuadereaderstopayavisittothePyramidofKukulcan.C．TointroducetheancientcityofChichenItza.D．TopresentthedevelopmentoftheMayanconstructions.C　解析：写作意图题。文章主要介绍了古城——奇琴伊察的一些相关情况。故选C项。Ⅲ.完形填空8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。(2016·石家庄一模)Communicationisanimportantpartofanyrelationship.Manyofusare__1__toshareourexperiencesoremotionswithourfriends.Butwhenit’sourturntolenda(n)__2__，wesoonbecomeboredorareshortofideasonhowto__3__andofferadvice.That’sbecauseofwhatresearcherscall“listenerburnout(精疲力竭)”．Afriendmighttalktous__4__，oftencomplainingaboutthesame__5__problems.Whenweofferquickadviceto__6__thesituation,wemaybeunconsciouslytryingto__7__ourselvesfromburnout.However,goodlisteners__8__theirnaturaltendencytosolvetheother’sproblemshurriedlyandtokeeptheconversationbrief.Tobeagood__9__，youneedtouse“activelistening”．Itstartswiththereal__10__tohelpothersandthinkthroughtheirfeelings.Don’t__11__things.Youcanstartbyputtingyourphone__12__andsittingclosetoyourfriend.Letyourfacialexpressions__13__whatheorsheissaying.__14__youareabletofullyunderstand,acknowledgetheotherperson’s__15__byreflectingthemback:“Thatmustbereallyhardforyou.”Use__16__wordsorevensoundssuchas“yes”“right”，and“hmm”to__17__theotherpersontocontinue.Ofcourse,a__18__canbeextremelyhardiftheotherpersonistoocritical.Butdon’tgetdefensive.Effectivelistenersdon’t__19__negativecriticism.Instead,theylistenandunderstandwhatthepersonistryingtoconvey__20__responding.【语篇解读】　交流在人际关系中起着重要的作用，许多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的经历或情感，但是如何做一个善听者呢？文章对这个问题进行了说明。1．A.afraid　　　　　　　　　　B．hesitantC．shyD．eagerD　解析：我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或感情。beeagertodosth.“渴望做某事”。2．A.shoulderB．handC．earD．eyeC　解析：lendanear为固定短语，意思为“倾听”。3．A.respondB．explainC．argueD．quitA　解析：根据“andofferadvice”可知，我们对如何做出反应(respond)和提供建议没有了主意。4．A.aimlesslyB．endlesslyC．deliberatelyD．cautiouslyB　解析：由下文的“经常抱怨同样老生常谈的问题”可知，这里应该是无休止地(endlessly)对我们谈这些。5．A.difficultB．oldC．acuteD．sensitiveB　解析：参见上题解析。6．A.fixB．discussC．createD．describeA　解析：由“offerquickadvice”可知，应选fix,表示“解决”。7．A.forgiveB．protectC．discourageD．prevent8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。B　解析：protectsb./sth.fromsth.表示“保护某人/某事免于某事”，符合语境。8．A.followB．displayC．formD．overcomeD　解析：然而，好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。9．A.readerB．partnerC．listenerD．speakerC　解析：由下文的“activelistening”可知，做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。10．A.demandB．habitC．desireD．abilityC　解析：开始时要有真的要帮助别人的渴望(desire),并认真考虑他们的感情。11．A.skipB．rushC．overlookD．postponeB　解析：rushthings表示“仓促做事”，符合语境。12．A.awayB．offC．outD．upA　解析：这里表示把你的手机收起来(puttingyourphoneaway),紧紧地坐在你朋友身边。13．A.recordB．restrictC．reflectD．replaceC　解析：由下文的“byreflectingthemback”可知，这里表示让你的面部表情对你朋友所说的话做出反应。14．A.WhetherB．SinceC．WhileD．IfA　解析：作为一个倾听者，不管(whether)你是否能够完全理解对方，你都要对对方的感情(feelings)做出回应。15．A.suggestionsB．purposesC．responsesD．feelingsD　解析：参见上题解析。16．A.bigB．toughC．strongD．shortD　解析：由下文的yes,right和hmm可知，要用简短的(short)语言来鼓励(encourage)他人继续说下去。17．A.forceB．remindC．encourageD．convinceC　解析：参见上题解析。18．A.conversationB．suggestionC．problemD．lectureA　解析：由语境可知，这里说的是谈话(conversation)很难进行下去。19．A.giveupB．makeupC．leaveoutD．blockoutD　解析：善听者不会抹去负面批评，相反，他们会在做出反应之前倾听并且明白这个人试图传达的意思。blockout“不去想，抹去”。20．A.afterB．beforeC．whileD．once8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。B　解析：参见上题解析。Unit3　Backtothepast(B卷)Ⅰ.阅读理解ABarack’sgotit,Jobshadit,Gaga’sdefinitelygotit...let’sgetcoolBarackObama,LadyGagaandSteveJobs—whatdotheyhaveincommon？Theyare,ofcourse,allAmericans.Andaccordingtoasurveybysocialnetworkingsitebadoo.com,theyallbestillustrate(举例说明)theword“cool”．Butjustwhatdoesitmeantosaysomeoneis“cool”？Mostwouldanswerthatitissomethingtodowithbeingindependentmindedandnotfollowingthecrowd.YaleUniversityartprofessorRobertFarrisThompsonsaysthattheterm“cool”goesbackto15thcenturyWestAfricanphilosophy(哲学).“Cool”relatestoideasofgrace(优雅)underpressure.“InAfrica,”hewrites,“coolnessisapositivequalitywhichcombinescalmness,silence,andlife.”Themodernideaof“cool”developedlargelyintheUSintheperiodafterWorldWarⅡ.“Postwar‘cool’wasinpartanexpressionofwarweariness(厌倦)．..itwentagainstthestrictsocialrulesofthetime,”writesociologistsDickPountainandDavidRobinsinCoolRules:AnatomyofanAttitude.ButitwastheAmericanactorJamesDeanwhobecamethesymbolfor“cool”inthehugelysuccessful1955movieRebelWithoutaCause.Deanplaysatoughguywhodisobeyshisparentsandtheauthorities.Healwaysgetsthegirl,smokescigarettes,wearsaleatherjacketandbeatsupbullies(欺凌弱小者)．Inthemovie,Deanshowedwhat“cool”wouldmeantoAmericanyoungpeopleforthenext60years.Todaythefocusof“cool”haschangedtoathleticsstars.Ofteninmoviesaboutschools,studentsgainpopularityontheathleticsfieldmorethanintheclassroom.ThiscanbeseenquiteclearlyinmovieslikeVarsityBluesandJohnTuckerMustDie.Butmanyteenagersalsothinkbeingsmartiscool.Chessandotherthinkinggameshavebeenbecomingmorepopularinschools.“CallittheHarryPotterizationofAmerica—atimewhenbeingsmartisthenewcool,”writesjournalistJoeSunnen.【语篇解读】　“酷”到底意味着什么？本文追寻不同时代人们对“酷”的理解，到如今“Lady嘎嘎”“乔布斯”等，向我们展示了“酷”的变化。1．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginoftheword“cool”．B．Thekindsofpeoplewhoare“cool”．C．Thechangingmeaningoftheword“cool”．D．Howtobea“cool”person.C　解析：主旨大意题。由全文可知本文主要讨论了“酷”一词的意思的变化。2．Ifyouwereconsidered“cool”inAfricainthe15thcentury,you________．A．thoughtandacteddifferentlyfromthemajorityB．hadacalmandquietattitudetowardslifeC．didn’tobserverulesorauthorities8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D．hadallkindsof“bad”mannersB　解析：细节理解题。由文中第四段“coolnessisapositivequalitywhichcombinescalmness,silence,andlife.”可知B项正确。3．TheheroesinVarsityBluesandJohnTuckerMustDiearelikelytobethosewho________．A．doverywellintheirstudiesB．areveryskilledatsportsC．aregoodatchessandthinkinggamesD．havesupernaturalpowerslikeHarryPotterB　解析：细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段可知B项正确。BAwomanfromJapan,whohadvisitedmajorbusinessandinvestmentcompaniesinNewYorkCity,wastellingafriendabouthertriptotheU．S..“IstudiedEnglishbeforeIlefthome.ButIstillwasnotsurethatpeoplewerespeakingEnglish.”Herproblemiseasytounderstand.Americansinbusinessarelikepeoplewhoareinbusinessanywhere.Theyhavealanguageoftheirown.Someofthewordsandexpressionsdealwiththespecialareasoftheirwork.Otherexpressionsareborrowedfromdifferentkindsofworksuchasthetheaterandmovieindustry.Onesuchsayingis“getyouracttogether”.Whenthingsgowronginabusiness,anemployermaygetangry.Hemayshout,“Stopmakingmistakes.Getyouracttogether.”Or,iftheemployeriscalmer,hemaysay,“Letusgetouracttogether.”Eitherway,themeaningisthesame.Gettingyouracttogetherisgettingorganized.Inbusiness,itusuallymeanstodevelopacalmandorderlyplanofanaction.Itisdifficulttotellexactlywherethesayingbegan.Perhapsoneoftheactorswasnervousandmadealotofmistakes.Thedirectormayhavesaid,“Calmdown,now.Getyouracttogether.”WordexpertJamesRogerssaystheexpressionwascommonbythelate1970s.HesaysTheManchesterGuardianuseditin1978.ThenewspapersaidareformpolicyrequiredthattheBritishgovernmentgetitsacttogether.Now,thisexpressionisheardoftenwhenofficialsofacompanymeet.Onecompanyevencallsitsyearlyreport,“GettingOurActTogether”．【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了“getyouracttogether”这个短语的应用以及起源。4．Paragraph1iswrittenmainlyto________．A．tellustheJapanesewoman’sEnglishispoorB．leadtothesubjectofthewholepassageC．tellusitisimportanttograspspokenEnglishD．tellustravelingintheU．S.isverydifficultB　解析：篇章结构题。第一段由一位日本女士在国内学习了英语之后，在纽约依旧遭遇语言交流障碍的经历，引出文章的话题。5．ThereasonwhythewomanwasnotsurethatpeoplewerespeakingEnglishwasthat________．A．theyspoketoofasttofollowB．theydidn’twantthewomantolearntheirexperienceC．theyhadsomespecialwordsandexpressionsoftheirownintheirfield8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D．theywerefromthetheaterandmovieindustryC　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这位日本女士依然会有语言交流障碍的原因是各个行业都有自己专门的词汇或表达。6．Thesaying“getyouracttogether”inParagraph3means“________”．A．Don’tdothatagainB．YouaredismissedC．CalmdownD．GetorganizedD　解析：细节理解题。根据下文尤其是第五段的前两句可知，该短语的意思是“有条理地筹划”。7．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．A．Differentcountries,differentlanguagesB．TheexperienceintheU．S.C．Theexpressionanditsstory:getyouracttogetherD．HowtolearnEnglishwellC　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述“getyouracttogether”这一短语的应用和起源。Ⅱ.语法填空(2016·河南洛阳高三统一考试)Howdolearninghabitsinfluencelearningresults?It’susefulandnecessarytodiscusslearninghabits.Thereisafamous1.____________(say)“Goodhabitsleadtogoodendings”，whichshowstheimportanceofhabits.“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway”also2.____________(show)ahealthyeverydayhabithelpstobuildupourbody.Thus,goodlearninghabitscanhelpusgaingreatlearningresults,highscoresandabundantknowledge3.__________(include)．Atfirst,learninghabitsformourwaysofthinkingandattitude4.____________thecontentofourlearning.5.____________(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.Aswecansee,developingagoodhabitissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduceonekindofgoodlearninghabits－keeping6.____________learningdiaryeveryday.Wecanstartthehabitby7.______________(write)alearningsummaryandremembertorecordsomethingimpressiveandmeaningful.Keepitinmind,8.____________graduallywewillgainthisgoodlearninghabitandbenefitfromit.What’s9.____________(much),IfindoutthatIstillhavesomebadlearninghabits10.____________well.Icanonlyconcentrateonreadingforashorttime,andIwillconquerthisproblembyspendingmoreeffortsonconcentrationpractice.Ibelievethatthroughmyefforts,Icangaingoodlearningresultsbyhavinggoodhabits.1．saying　解析：考查名词。thereisafamoussaying表示“有一句名言”。2．shows　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway”，谓语动词用单数。3．included　解析：考查过去分词。highscoresandabundantknowledge和include之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。4．to/towards　解析：考查介词。attitudeto/towards表示“对……的态度”。8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。5．Obviously　解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处应用副词作状语。6．a　解析：考查冠词。diary为可数名词，故应用不定冠词a,表泛指。7．writing　解析：考查动名词。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语。8．and　解析：考查固定句型。这是一个固定句型“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。9．more　解析：考查固定词组。what’smore表示“而且”。10．as　解析：考查固定搭配。aswell表示“还”。8