高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。专题三阅读理解第一节六大解题技巧一、关键信息定位法(2017·天津，A片段)WritingthewrongnameThesooneryounotice，thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly，apologisingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured：don’thandleittoolightly，aspeoplecanbeoffended，especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames)．37．Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail，itisbestto.A．apologiseinaseriousmannerB．tellthereceivertoignoretheerrorC．learntowritethenamecorrectlyD．sendashortnoticetoeveryone答案　A解析　细节理解题。由题干中的“writtenthewrongname”可定位到“Writingthewrongname”下的“...apologisingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured：don’thandleittoolightly...”。由此可知，如果在电子邮件里写错了名字，以一种严肃的方式向对方道歉是最好的，故选A项。点津　解答这类题时，一个常用的方法就是根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子。如该句中出现了but，however，yet，while等表转折的词语及inaddition，furthermore，besides，moreover，what’smore，mostofall，most8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。importantly，especially等表递进的词语，后面往往为关键信息，是正确答案。但要与选项进行比较，最终确定答案。该方法运用的前提是在题干中找到定位关键词。该方法多用于细节理解题。(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.21．WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A．InBuilding1.B．InBuilding3.C．AttheLaserDome.D．AttheDennyWayentrance.答案　B解析　细节理解题。首先根据题干中的“souvenir”可将答案锁定在VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStore这一部分；再根据本段中的“Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.”可知PacificScienceCenter的购物点在LaserDome旁边的3号楼上，故选B。二、关键词法(2017·天津，D片段)Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting，andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours？Tounderstandtheissue，let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”．55．Theauthorsupportshisviewby.A．exploringvariouscausesof“waits”B．describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”C．analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”D．revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Tounderstandtheissue，let’stakealookatthreetypesof8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。‘waits’．”可知，作者是通过分析这三种类型的“等待”来帮助理解这个问题，故选C项。点津　半数以上的文章会在文章的第一段或最后一段直接给出主题关键词，且常是首句；还有部分文章在第一段或最后一段间接给出主题关键词，正确答案与主题关键词有高度的重合性：形似、意似。(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology.Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.22．WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A．Trainscienceteachers.B．Distributesciencebooks.C．Inspirescientificresearch.D．Takesciencetotheclassroom.答案　D解析　细节理解题。由标题及该段第二句“Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.”可知此处的关键词应是“science”，太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂。三、题段一致法(2017·天津，A片段)Clicking“replyall”unintentionallyYouaccidentallyreveal(透露)totheentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner，orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake.Inthisinstance，thebestsolutionistosendaquick，light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse，wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance，stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.38．Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email?A．Tryofferingotherchoices.B．Avoidfurtherinvolvement.8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．Meetotherstaffmembers.D．Makealight-heartedapology.答案　B解析　细节理解题。由题干中的“replyall”可定位到“Clicking‘replyall’unintentionally”下的“Inthisinstance，stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.”。由此可知，此题应选B项“避免进一步的参与”。点津　按照文章的发展顺序设置题目，是目前最主要的出题方法。这种出题方法最简单，最容易操作，因此为命题者所偏爱。学生则应按照文章的段落顺序依次进行解答，没有必要百分之百读懂整篇文章，没有必要从头到尾把全文读一遍，按照这一定律，边看题干，边看原文，从而快速解题。(2017·全国Ⅰ，A片段)It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations.Visitpacificsciencecenter.orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.23．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．Toencouragedonations.B．Toadvertisecomingevents.C．Tointroducespecialexhibits.D．TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据该部分中的“Visitpacificsciencecenter.orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知作者呼吁读者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓励人们为之提供捐助。故选A。四、释义法(2017·天津，C片段)Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles：thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.46．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。答案　D解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.”可知，deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。点津　词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。词义猜测的具体技巧如下：根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据同义关系进行猜测；根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测；根据因果关系进行猜测；根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测；根据常识或背景知识进行猜测。(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A．Thetube.B．Thestill.C．Thehole.D．Thecup.答案　B解析　词义猜测题。根据本段描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来提高thewatercatcher的生产力，结合全文可知，提高的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的生产力，故选B项。五、扫读法(2017·全国Ⅰ，B片段)Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.26．Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A．Anewnest.B．Somefood.C．Arecording.D．Itsparents.答案　A解析　细节理解题。扫读全文，可确定该段中的“Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.”为解题的关键信息。由此可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快就安静下来。故选A。8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。点津　扫读不是简单地走马观花，而是在保证快速、高效的前提下，锁定关键信息：(1)注意特征词，如：luckily，unfortunately，asaresult，besides等；(2)注意时间点，如：yesterday，lastyear，today，now等；(3)找主线：文章的主线往往是文章的中心思想或者作者对文中所论述的事物所持的观点或态度等。(2016·四川，D)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素)，whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy，byresearchersfromSeoul，SouthKorea，involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime，accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow，takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent，whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.34．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NightMilkandSleepB．Fat，SugarandHealthC．AnExperimentonMiceD．MilkDrinkingandHealth答案　A解析　标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A是文章的最佳标题。8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。35．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.答案　D解析　推理判断题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。六、位置特征法(2017·天津，D片段)Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky，don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.54．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A．Takeitseriously.B．Don’trelyonothers.C．Dosomethingelse.D．Don’tloseheart.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Thenexttime...don’tbedesperate.”可知，下次等待的时候，不要绝望，即不要丧失信心(Don’tloseheart.)，故选D项。点津　正确答案的位置：位于介词短语、非谓语动词、从句、倒装、强调、虚拟语气等结构中。其中定语从句和状语从句一般都是重点观察主句，而宾语从句则考查从句较多。对于一些常见的并列结构，就近原则的一般后半部分重要，就远原则的一般前面重要。正确答案的特征：一般情况下，中心思想，论述事物所持的观点、态度是答案；绝对的不是答案，商量口气的是答案；断章取义的不是答案，概括性的是答案；具体的不是答案，抽象的是答案；含有明确因果关系的常是答案；消极负面的不是答案，正面积极的是答案；长句难句里常有正确答案等。(2017·全国Ⅰ，D片段)Next，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbe8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。centereddirectlyover，andnomorethanthreeinchesabove，thecup.34．Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A．Digaholeofacertainsize.B．Putthecupinplace.C．Weightthesheet’scenterdown.D．Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据该段中的“Next，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.”可知最后一步是weightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock(用一块石头把塑料板的中心位置压下去)，故选C。8