安徽望江县 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月选练选编 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 安徽望江县 2017 高考英语阅读理解九月选练选编 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 China’s new buzzword, tuhao, may be in next year’s Oxford English Dictionary. “If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words, ”said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team. In Chinese, tu means uncouth and hao means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s rural areas. In recent years, people borrowed the term to describe those who spend money in an irrational(没道理的)manner. The word gained credence in September with the launch of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone, an item loved by China’s rich people. The color became known as“tuhao gold. ”The word is now often used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it. Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words—dama and hukou—which may also be taken in the dictionary. Hukou means household registration in Chinese and has been widely used. Dama, meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal in May when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market between April and June when the gold prices had slumped(下跌). “We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary, ”she said. Some of them are: Guanxi, literally meaning“connection”, is the system of social networks and influential relationships which facilitate business and other dealings. Taikonaut is a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut. The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months. “It at least broke our old rules. It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the era, ”according to John Simpson. 【文章大意】在近期一档关于中国热词的栏目播出后, “tuhao”一词引起了《牛津英语词 典》编著者的关注。这个中国时髦热词“tuhao(土豪)”明年有望被收入《牛津英语词典》。 1. What does“Tuhao”mean now? A. The rich who like iPhone made of gold. B. The people who have power in the countryside. C. The people who spend money reasonably. D. The rich who find no class to belong to. 【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第三段的 The word isnow often used by the online community to refer to peoplewho have the cash but lack the class to go with it. 可 知, tuhao 指的是那些有钱但是没有阶层归属的人们。 2. Why is the word“Dama”popular now? A. They bought gold in the global market. B. They are wealthy middle-aged women. C. They brought the gold prices down. D. They worked on the Wall Street. 【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据第五段的 when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market 可知, 大妈一词来自于购买国际市场上黄金的人们。 3. Which word has already been in the Oxford English Dictionary? A. Tuhao. B. Taikonaut. C. Dama. D. Hukou. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary 和 Taikonaut is a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut 可知选 B。 4. According to John, the Oxford English Dictionary . A. updates its new version every three months B. takes 10 years to include a new word now 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 C. speeds up its acceptance of new words D. has its online version to collect new words 【解析】选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的 It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the era 可知, 现在牛津词典收录新词的速度快了。 黑龙江省大庆市喇中 2016 高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类 Our body clock, or natural body rhythm, influences our energy and alertness. Paying attention to it can help us choose the suitable time of the day when we best perform specific tasks. The reality, however, is that most of us organize the time around work demands, school deadlines, commuting or social events. Doing whatever the body feels like doing is a luxury in today’s fast-paced modern society. But that doesn’t mean it isn’t worth trying. Obeying our body clock has significant health benefits. Disrupting our natural body rhythm, on the other hand, has been linked to problems such as depression, obesity, or headache, says Steve Key, a biology professor. When the body clock can synchronize (使…同步) the rhythms of its natural processes, it “gives us an advantage in daily life”, says Key. According to him, when it comes to cognitive (认知的) work, most adults perform best in the late morning. As our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday, our memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve. However, he adds, our ability to concentrate typically starts to decrease soon thereafter. Most of us are more easily distracted (分心) between noon and 4 pm. Alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2 pm, making that a good time for a nap. Surprisingly, tiredness may increase our creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best dealt with in the evening 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 when they are tired, according to a study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning. When choosing a time of the day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can improve results. Physical performance is usually best from about 3 to 6 pm, says Michael Smolensky, a professor of biomedical engineering. Of course, not everyone’s body clock is the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans. 【小题 1】If we know our natural body rhythm well, we can ______. A．find out the suitable time to do specific tasks B．organize our time around work demands C．do whatever our body feels like doing D．be sure to be healthy 【小题 2】 Which of the following is NOT true? A．Our alertness is influenced by our natural body rhythm. B．Doing whatever your body feels like is very difficult in our modern society. C．Obeying our body clock is good for our health. D．Disrupting our natural body rhythm can lead to obesity. 【小题 3】Inspiration to solve a difficult problem will most probably come to us______. A．when we get up in the morning B．when we are tired in the evening C．when we are full of energy in the late morning D．when we are asleep at night 【小题 4】Which of the following can be the suitable title for the passage? A．What is natural body rhythm? B．Natural body rhythm is good for us. C．natural body rhythm and health D．The latest research about natural body rhythm. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 【2014 高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】B When Marilynne Robinson published her first novel, Housekeeping, in 1980, she was unknown in the literary world. But an early review in The New York Times ensured that the book would be noticed. “It’s as if, in writing it, she broke through the ordinary human condition with all its dissatisfactions, and achieved a kind of transfiguration（美化）,” wrote Anatole Broyard, with an enthusiasm and amazement that was shared by many critics and readers. The book became a classic, and Robinson was recognized as one of the outstanding American writers of our time. Yet it would be more than twenty years before she wrote another novel. During the period, Robinson devoted herself to writing nonfiction. Her essays and book reviews appeared in Harper’s and The New York Times Book Review, and in 1989 she published Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution, criticizing severely the environmental and public health dangers caused by the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in England—and the political and moral corruption(腐败). In 1998, Robinson published a collection of her critical and theological writings, The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought, which featured reassessments of such figures as Charles Darwin, John Calvin, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Aside from a single short story—“Connie Bronson,” published in The Paris Review in 1986—it wasn’t until 2004 that she returned to fiction with the novel Gilead, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer Prize. Her third novel, Home, came out this fall. Her novels could be described as celebrations of the human—the characters in them are unforgettable creations. Housekeeping is the story of Ruth and her sister Lucille, who are cared for by their eccentric（古怪的）Aunt Sylvie after their mother commits 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 suicide. Robinson writes a lot about how each of the three is changed by their new life together. Gilead is an even more close exploration of personality: the book centres on John Ames, a seventy-seven-year-old pastor(牧师) who is writing an account of his life and his family history to leave to his young son after he dies. Home borrows characters from Gilead but centers on Ames’s friend Reverend Robert Boughton and his troubled son Jack. Robinson returned to the same territory as Gilead because, she said, “after I write a novel or a story, I miss the characters—I feel like losing some close friends.” 55. Robinson’s second novel came out ____. A. in 1980 B. in 1986 C. in 1998 D. in 2004 56. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Robinson’s achievements in fiction. B. Robinson’s achievements in nonfiction. C. Robinson’s influence on the literary world. D. Robinson’s contributions to the environment. 57. According to Paragraph 3, who is John Ames? A. He is Robinson’s close friend. B. He is a character in Gilead. C. He is a figure in The Death of Adam. D. He is a historian writing family stories. 58. From which section of a newspaper can you read this passage? A. Career. B. Lifestyle. C. Music. D. Culture. 【参考答案】55、D 56--58、 BBD 【2014 高考英语湖北省荆州市一模试题】C A towering South American plant that is believed to kill animals with its spikes(尖 刺) and use their rotting bodies as fertilizer is about to bloom(开花) in England. A rare Puya chilensis was planted at a greenhouse in Surrey, a county in the southeast 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 of England about 15 years ago. However, despite its frightening description, the tall, spiked plant is considered a threatened species. The Royal Horticultural Society has been feeding the plant a diet of liquid fertilizer. “In its natural habitat in the Andes it uses its razor sharp spikes to snare and trap sheep and other animals, which slowly starve to death and rot at the base of the plant, providing it with a bag of fertilizer,” reads a description on the RHS website, which adds that the plant gives off a “gruesome scent.” But does the plant actually trap and eat sheep? Other sources have simply said it is “believed” that the plant traps small animals with its spikes. After the animals die of starvation, the plant is "believed" to then use their rotting bodies as fertilizer to feed itself. "I'm really pleased that we've finally persuaded our Puya chilensis into producing flower," horticulturalist Cara Smith said in a press release on the RHS site. Regardless of whether it actually traps sheep, the plant does have sharp spikes that can grow up to 12 feet high and 5 feet wide. However, it’s not all death and danger for this plant. Its flowery blooms reportedly provide nectar(花蜜) for bees and birds. The Puya chilensis blooms annually in its native land of Chile, but this is the first time it has done so after more than a decade of cultivation efforts from the RHS. "We keep it well fed with liquid fertilizer as feeding it on its natural diet might prove a bit problematic,” Smith said. "It's growing in the dry section of our glasshouse with its deadly spines well out of reach of both children and sheep alike." 59. From the passage we learn that in England the Puya chilensis _____. A. feeds on man-made liquid fertilezer B. often kills sheep and other animals C. has once bloomed 15 years before D. uses animals' rotting bodies as fertilizer 60. The underlined word “snare” in the second paragraph probably means“_________”. A. catch B. stop C. fight D. kill 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 61. We can infer from the passage that _____. A. it's dangerous to feed the plant B. it's certain that the plant kills sheep C. it's difficult for the plant to bloom in England D. it's rare for the plant to bloom in South American 62. What does the writer mainly tell us? A. A new plant is discovered in Chile. B. How a rare plant is fed in England. C. A rare plant is going to bloom in England. D. How a plant traps animals in South America. 【参考答案】59—60、AA 61--62 CC 黑龙江省大庆市喇中 2016 高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类 Scientists believe that one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us is the sense of sound. We are warned of danger by sounds. Sounds serve to please us in music. Sound has a waste product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better. In order to know how noise affects people and animals, scientists have been studying for several years. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully. Sounds is measured in units called decibels (分贝). At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears. Trucks , buses , motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories---all these things make noise. They trouble not only our ears, but minds and bodies as well. There is a saying that it is so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that has already faced enough stress. 【小题 1】The sense of sound _________. A．makes us feel excited B．helps us hear more clearly C．is something harmful to us D．helps to know what is happening around us 【小题 2】When sound is turned into noise, ______________. A．people grow worse and worse B．it makes us forget all the past C．people don’t know what to do with everyday life D．it will be a kind of pollution to people 【小题 3】Why does the passage say peace and quiet are becoming harder to find? A．Because the world is making more and more noise. B．Because wars and battles happen here and there in the world. C．Because all the sounds are becoming over 140 decibels. D．Because some machines can make noise. 【小题 4】Doctors say we can hear ourselves think __________. A．if we don’t like to hear noise B．if we have no aches or pains in our bodies C．if there isn’t too much noise D．if we can’t be careful of noise