【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习学案：语法填空的解题技巧及训练&动词时态的复习（2） 13页

‎2019年高三二轮复习--语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习（2） ‎ 一、课程介绍 知识点 ‎ 1.归纳讲解语法填空的解题技巧（2）---不给词填空（盲填）的解题技巧 ‎2.重点语法: 动词的时态语态（2）---动词的语态及其应用 ‎ 教学重点 ‎ 1.如何确定所填空部分的词性 ‎2.被动语态的判断依据及考点 ‎ 教学难点 如何判断部分没有被动语态的动词 二、要点回顾 语法填空 Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?‎ Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?‎ Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.‎ Peter: OK. Don't laugh 61 me. I may look funny.‎ Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.‎ Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain)‎ Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.‎ Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.‎ Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67 strong. In real competition, a TaiChi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!‎ Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 69 you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep 70 .‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.at 62.Softly 63.painful 64.holding 65.it 66. is called 67.as 68.harder 69.if 70.breath ‎（注意）66题在判断时必须考虑到时态语态 三、知识精要 ‎1.语法填空的解题思路（二）‎ 题型II：不给词填空（或称为盲填。每空只填一个词）‎ 1. 连词：‎ （1） 并列连词：and，but，or，so （2） 从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that，what，which，who，when，how等 ‎2.冠词：‎ ‎（1）根据翻译：a/an“一个”，the“这个，那个，这些，那些”‎ ‎（2）固定搭配：如in the 1990s，等 ‎3.介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手 ‎4.代词：主要填人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词 ‎2.语法 动词时态和语态（二）‎ 注意：时态语态的考查一方面要从时间状语入手，另一方面要从上下文翻译及语境入手 时态语态的考查方向：语法填空、改错、写作 本讲主要讲解动词的语态 考点聚焦 ‎ 2、被动语态考查要点简述 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。‎ ‎（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。‎ ‎①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.‎ I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.‎ ‎②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。‎ The boss made him work all day long./He was made to work all day long(by the boss)‎ ‎③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。‎ The children were taken good care of (by her).‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.‎ ‎④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。‎ ‎⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：‎ People say he is a smart boy.‎ It is said that he is a smart boy.‎ He is said to be a smart boy.‎ People know paper was made in China first.‎ It is known that paper was made in China first.‎ Paper was known to be made in China first.‎ 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …‎ ‎（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。‎ ‎①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。‎ ‎③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。‎ ‎④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。‎ ‎⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。‎ ‎⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。‎ ‎（3）主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。‎ This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。‎ My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door won’t lock.门锁不上。‎ The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。‎ ‎②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。‎ The plan worked out successfully./The lamps on the wall turn off.‎ ‎③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ This kind of water isn’t fit to drink./The girl isn’t easy to get along with.‎ 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。‎ ‎①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。‎ ‎②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。‎ ‎③be lost迷路④be drunk喝醉⑤be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.‎ ‎（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：‎ The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)‎ 四、要点讲练 ‎【要点1】语法填空---填并列连词 这时设空部分的前后是等同的成分，可能是两个句子，也可能是两个词或短语，也可能是固定搭配，如either...or ,neither...nor,both...and, not only...but also 等 ‎【例题1】‎ ‎ (2016·全国卷III)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ ‎【答案】and ‎【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是国家名，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and ‎【例题2】‎ ‎ (2016·四川卷) It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.‎ ‎【答案】and ‎【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是简单句，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and ‎【例题3】‎ ‎ (2017·东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试) Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 70 they cannot provide description of why it started.‎ ‎【答案】but ‎【解析】该句主要根据前后意思来判断，医生和研究者能够观察到它正在发生，但是他们无法解释它开始的原因 ‎【即学即用】‎ 用适当的并列连词填空 ‎1．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．‎ ‎2．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．‎ ‎3．—I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?‎ ‎—I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.but 2.however 3.or，but ‎【要点2】语法填空---填从属连词 ‎ 从属连词的判断一方面看结构，另一方面看句意。首先判断从句的类型（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句），然后判断引导词的使用。‎ ‎【例题1】‎ ‎ (2017·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二) During the week , Mark works in his high-class salon,but each Sunday, he walks around the city asking people 42 they’d like a haircut.‎ ‎【答案】whether/if ‎【解析】通过句子语境可知，Mark周一至周五在高级美发厅上班，每个周日就在市区到处走走，问人们是否需要理发。Whether/if引导宾语从句，意为是否。‎ ‎【例题2】‎ ‎ (2017湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三4月联合考试)__68___working at CCTV, he was hardworking and modest as well. ‎ ‎【答案】while/when ‎【解析】考查状语从句，while/when引导，表示当 ...时候。‎ ‎【例题3】‎ ‎ (2017·全国卷I卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ ‎【答案】which ‎【解析】该句主要考查非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎【例题4】‎ ‎ (2017·全国卷III卷) But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty。‎ ‎【答案】who ‎【解析】该句主要考查定语从句，who指人，在句子中做主语。‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1．I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening．‎ ‎2．The problem is　　　 　we don’t have enough money.‎ ‎3．1’ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.‎ ‎4． we all know，oil and water don’t mix up．‎ ‎5．All is needed is a Supply of oil．‎ ‎6．I didn’t know or not he had arrived in Wuhan.‎ ‎7. they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.where 2.that 3.which/that 4.As 5.that 6.whether 7.what/that ‎【要点3】 语法填空---填代词 代词主要可填人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，填代词的判断一方面是根据意思，另一方面是根据固定搭配。‎ ‎【例题1】（2017年全国II卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.‎ ‎【答案】it ‎【解析】it用来代替前面的railway ‎ ‎【例题2】（2016年四川卷） By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.‎ ‎【答案】its ‎ ‎【解析】根据句意“熊猫不再需要它的妈妈”，故用its ‎【例题3】（2015年广东卷）Now it occurred to ___25___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. ‎ ‎【答案】him ‎【解析】根据句式sth occur to sb，某人突然想到某事，可知填him。“现在，他知道他的农场有许多潜力，他奶牛的死并不是坏事”‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1．At the time neither country allowed the to open any companies on its land．‎ ‎2．—Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?‎ ‎ —No， of them is easy to read．‎ ‎3．I hate when people talk with their mouths full．‎ ‎4．The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．‎ ‎5．—Would you care for tea or coffee?‎ ‎ — ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．‎ ‎6． of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．‎ ‎7. —Have you finished your report yet?‎ ‎ —No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.other 2. neither 3.it 4.their 5.neither 6.none 7.another ‎【要点4】语法填空---填介词 介词主要从搭配和基本词义入手 ‎【例题1】 （2017年全国III卷）After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. ‎ ‎.【答案】in ‎【解析】根据句意，在某方面获得学位用in ‎【例题2】（2016年四川卷）The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years. ‎ ‎【答案】for ‎ ‎【解析】一段时间用介词for ‎【例题3】（2015陕西卷）I got a place next ____64___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】next to是固定搭配，“挨着”‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．‎ ‎2．Let’s walk over the sun.‎ ‎3．This article is quite me．There are too many new words.‎ ‎4．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everything us is moving the same ‎ speed．‎ ‎5．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．‎ ‎6．He decided to look the matter himself.‎ ‎7. I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.on 2.in 3.beyond 4.round、at 5.on 6.into 7.across ‎【要点5】语法填空---填冠词 冠词也要从词义（a/an一个 the这个、那个；这些、那些）入手，也考查固定搭配问题 ‎【例题1】（2017年全国卷I卷）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a ‎【解析】as a result,由于这个结果，因此的意思，固定结构 ‎【例题2】（2017全国卷III卷） she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York. ‎ ‎【答案】a ‎【解析】作为一个纽约的模特，可数名词前a表示一个 ‎【例题3】（2017年全国卷II卷）This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. ‎ ‎【答案】the ‎ ‎【解析】根据句意在顶部要用the ‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1．The party last night was success．we sang and danced until it came to end at twelve．‎ ‎2．He served in the army in 1980s when he was in twenties.‎ ‎3．—Do you know who invented telephone?‎ ‎—No，but it is really most useful invention．‎ ‎4．—Do you like the novels?‎ ‎ —I don’t like either of them．Please show me third one．‎ ‎5．Your uncle must have X- ray examination．‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.a、an 2.the、his 3.the、a 4.a 5.an ‎ ‎【要点6】 被动语态在语法填空中的应用 被动语态可应用于语法填空中。主要判断步骤是：首先判断是谓语还是非谓语，然后判断时态、语态 ‎【例题1】（2017全国卷I卷）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food ‎【答案】are removed ‎ ‎【解析】该空应为谓语动词，根据上下文及翻译可判断是一般现在是的被动语态。“当脂肪和盐分从食物当中被移除”‎ ‎【例题2】(2016·全国卷I)I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. ‎ ‎【答案】was allowed ‎ ‎【解析】首先考查谓语动词还是非谓语动词（因为该动词在主语I之后，同时句子中没有谓语动词）。根据上下文句意，“我被允许。。。”所以用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎【例题3】（2017全国卷III卷）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. ‎ ‎【答案】has been told/was told ‎ ‎【解析】根据上下文此处应为谓语动词，一般过去时，且翻译为被动，所以填has been told/was told ‎ ‎【即学即用】‎ ‎1．—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet．The rooms (paint)．‎ ‎2．I need one more stamp before my collection______(completed)．‎ ‎3．I promise that the matter will______(take)care of. ‎ ‎4．The maths problem can ______(work)out.‎ ‎5．Every possible means______(try),but none proves successful.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.is being painted 2. is completed 3.be taken 4.be worked 5.has been tried ‎【要点7】 被动语态在改错中的应用 被动语态可在改错中体现，主要从翻译入手。具体的改法有删be动词和加be动词。‎ ‎【例题1】（2015年全国卷I）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. ‎ ‎【答案】去掉been ‎【解析】根据句意“许多研究表明。。。”，而不是“被表明。。。”‎ ‎【例题2】（2016年四川卷）Mom was grateful and moving. ‎ ‎【答案】moving改为moved ‎【解析】根据句意“妈妈很感激并且感到感动”，moving表示主动含义，而该句表示被动 ‎【例题3】（2017年全国卷III） About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school ‎ ‎【答案】took改为taken ‎【解析】根据原句的句子结构是被动，故动词应变成过去分词形式 ‎【即学即用】‎ The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ ‎1.how改为what 2.chose改为choose 3.take改为taking 4.but改为and 5.world前加the ‎6.your改为our 7.knowledges改为knowledge 8.can改为should或删掉 ‎ ‎9.thought改为think 10.many改为much 五、模块自测 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎（一）Xiaolongbao is a type of steamed bun (baozi) from the Jiangnan region of China, especially associated with Shanghai and Wuxi. It is traditionally prepared in xiaolong, small bamboo steaming baskets, 61 give it its name. Xiaolongbao 62 (refer) to as a kind of "dumpling", but should not be confused with British or American-style dumplings 63 with Chinese jiaozi. 64 (similar), it is considered a kind of "soup dumpling" but should not be confused with other 65 (large) varieties of tang bao. ‎ Shanghai-style xiaolongbao originated in Nanxiang, a suburb of Shanghai in Jiading District. The 66 (invent) of xiaolongbao sold it in 67 (he) first store in Nanxiang next to the town's notable park, Guyi Garden. From there the xiaolongbao expanded 68 downtown Shanghai and ‎ outward. ‎ Traditionally, xiaolongbao is a kind of snack. It is usually steamed on a bed of dried 69 (leaf) or paper mat. It is usually dipped in Zhenjiang vinegar with ginger slivers. It forms part of a traditional Jiangnan-style morning tea. In Guangdong and the West, it is sometimes served as a dish during Cantonese tea time. 70 (freeze) xiaolongbao is now mass-produced and sold worldwide.(江西省重点中学协作体2017届高三第二次联考)‎ ‎（二）Many fourth graders would panic in an emergency situation, 61 one Pennsylvania nine - year - old is being called a hero after discovering a 62 (die') man and knowing exactly what to do to save his life. This past Friday, Owen Sambol 63 (head) home, from school on a cold, snowy day when he heard a faint noise that sounded like someone crying for help. 64 hesitating, he ran behind the house to see where it was coming from and discovered 65 man lying face down in the snow.‎ The little boy tried his 66 (hard) to pull the man up, but he wasn't strong enough. Instead of panicking, he told the man he would get his mother, 67 is afire-fighter, and come right back for him. Mom Ashley Sambol called 911 right away, then pulled the man up and carried him into her home because she was afraid he had hypothermia（低体温）after 68 (leave)in the snow for so long.‎ ‎“I take 69 (proud)in him," Ashley said about her son, who stayed calm and saved a life that afternoon.” Had he been out there any longer and who knows.’’ 70 (thank), the man was rescued just in time and is now healing in the hospital.(2017年河南省六市高三第二次联考)‎ ‎（三）The first day of college can be stressful for a freshman; 61 , one Texas girl, Melanic Salazar, had her grandpa for company, 62 (relieve) her stress.‎ The teenager’s grandpa, 82-year-old Rene Neira, is studying 63 an associate degree in economics at the college. He expects to obtain his degree after this semester.‎ Neira 64 (study) economics for as long as Salazar can remember. She felt it was 65 ‎ ‎(total) normal to attend the same college as him.‎ The 18-year-old was therefore surprised that an article she published of her and her grandpa spread very quickly. “It’s awesome to know how something 66 seems so normal to me is ‎ so out of the ordinary to everyone else,” Salazar said.‎ Salazar, who is studying for a liberal arts major, said her grandpa is popular due to his down-to-earth nature. 67 is the first to make a joke with classmates, despite being decades 68 (old) than most of them. “I think people are attracted by him just 69 this is an everyday person— ‎ ‎ 70 82-year-old person who isn’t giving up on his education. He’s determined to get his degree,” Salazar said.(长春吉大附中实验学校2016—2017学年下学期高三年级第七次摸底考试)‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎（一）61. which 62. is referred 63. nor 64. Similarly 65. larger ‎ ‎66. inventor 67. his 68. into 69. leaves 70. Frozen ‎（二） 61. yet/but 62. dying 63. was heading 64. Without 65. a ‎ ‎66. hardest 67. who 68. being left/having been left 69. pride 70.Thankfully ‎（三）61. however 62. relieving 63. for 64. has been studying 65.totally ‎66. that 67. He 68. older 69. because 70. an ‎【动词的语态】‎ ‎1．If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table．‎ A． are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have to C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to ‎2．In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.‎ ‎ A．is serving B．is severed C．serves D．served ‎3．—Do you like the material? —Yes，it very soft．‎ ‎ A．is feeling B．felt C．feels D．is felt ‎4．It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will ．‎ ‎ A．be built B．have built C．have been built D．have be built ‎5．All the preparations for the task ，and we’re ready to start．‎ ‎ A．completed B．complete C．had been completed D．have been completed ‎6．Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town．‎ ‎ A．has set up B．has been set up C．was set up D．is set up ‎7．Linda has 1ost her passport again．It’s the second time this ．‎ ‎ A．has happened B．has been happened C．happened D．happens ‎8．—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet．The rooms ．‎ ‎ A．are being painted B．are painting C．are painted D．are being painting ‎9．—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．— What do you suppose to her?‎ ‎ A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened ‎10．—Do you know our town at all? —No，this is the first time I here．‎ ‎ A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming ‎【答案】1-5 BBCCD 6-10 BAACB