【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空有提示词类典题8篇训练（含有解析）学案（19页word版） 22页

‎2018届二轮复习短文语法填空有提示词类典题8篇训练 ‎【一】‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)61.________a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side 62.________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63.________(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 64.________(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65.________ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66.________ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67.________(be) full of fat and salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　为了应对肥胖和心脏病，医学界鼓励大家食用低脂肪、少盐的食物。但是如果过于极端的话，也会适得其反。‎ ‎61．解析：考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以……身份”，故填as。‎ 答案：as ‎62．解析：考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用”(side effect)有很多，故填effects。‎ 答案：effects ‎63．解析：考查不定式。句意：他们被用来加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb.be required to do sth.”表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。‎ 答案：to process ‎64．解析：考查被动语态。根据句意“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉”可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。‎ 答案：are removed ‎65．解析：考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，故填a。‎ 答案：a ‎66．解析：考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，‎ 人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。‎ 答案：worse ‎67．解析：考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ 答案：is ‎68．解析：考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。‎ 答案：eating[来源:学|科|网]‎ ‎69．解析：考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。‎ 答案：careful ‎70．解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析可知70.________is not good for the health所在句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。‎ 答案：which ‎【二】‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road, ‎ ‎63.________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.‎ Steam engines 65.________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________(fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.‎ Later，engineers 68.________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道)，which became known to the tube.This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The central London Railway was one of the most 70.________(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文，讲述了世界上第一条地铁—伦敦地铁的起源和铁路最初的发展历程。‎ ‎61．解析：考查名词复数。crowd前没有限定词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。‎ 答案：crowds ‎62．解析：考查介词。travel to and from work意为“上下班”，故填from。‎ 答案：from ‎63．解析：考查非谓语动词。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。‎ 答案：laying ‎64．解析：考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”故用定冠词the。‎ 答案：the ‎65．解析：考查时态和被动语态。根据句意“蒸汽发动机‘被用于’拉货物”可知填were used。‎ 答案：were used ‎66．解析：考查词性转换。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。‎ 答案：fairly ‎67．解析：考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。‎ 答案：it ‎68．解析：考查时态。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。‎ 答案：managed ‎69．解析：考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。‎ 答案：introduction ‎70．解析：考查词性转换。空格前是one of the most表示 ‎“最……的……之一”，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。‎ 答案：successful ‎【三】‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61.________(attract)．‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research，I 62.________(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63.________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64.________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65.________I was the first Western TV reporter 66.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67.________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.________(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69.________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70.________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　‎ 本文为记叙文。本文描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]‎ ‎61．解析：考查词性转换。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。‎ 答案：attraction ‎62．解析：考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物。‎ 答案：was allowed ‎63．解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词用副词形式。‎ 答案：officially ‎64．解析：考查介词。固定短语：go back to “追溯到”。‎ 答案：to ‎65．解析：考查定语从句。空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句，缺少状语，先行词是时间故填when。‎ 答案：when ‎66．解析：考查过去分词。名词reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。‎ 答案：permitted ‎67．解析：考查动名词。此处用动名词作include的宾语。‎ 答案：introducing ‎68．解析：考查代词。 指代前面的twin，用its。‎ 答案：its ‎69．解析：考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。‎ 答案：days ‎70．解析：考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。‎ 答案：the ‎【四】‎ Shawn's Saturday ‎“Hey，Dad！” Shawn shouted，“I'm going to play basketball with Peter！”‎ Shawn's dad came into the kitchen，“Have you finished 1.________ (clean) the garage？” ‎ Shawn tried to decide whether to admit the 2.________ (true)．His dad would notice the garage hadn't been cleaned, 3.________ Shawn wanted to play basketball.‎ Shawn's dad understood his silence.“You haven't even started，have you? You promised you'd take care of 4.________，first thing this morning.”‎ Shawn complained，“Why do I have to clean the garage，anyway？” “Because you said you would，and you need to follow through with 5.________ you say.” “But Dad，” Shawn protested，“I promised Peter.” Soon，his dad's face lit 6.________．“Let's go out to the garage for a minute.”‎ ‎ 7.________ (puzzle)，Shawn followed his father into the garage.His dad pointed to the dull，gray cement walls.“What if you ask Peter to come over here? If you and Peter clean up thoroughly，then you can paint 8.________ (picture) on those two walls.”‎ ‎“What about playing basketball? Peter 9.________ (wait) for me.”‎ His dad said thoughtfully，“If Peter stays over tonight，then I will drive you two over to play basketball after supper.”‎ ‎“Can we order pizza？” “ 10.________ (absolute)！” his dad grinned.Shawn raced back into the kitchen to call Peter.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文，讲述了Shawn的周末困境，既答应了爸爸打扫车库，又许诺朋友Peter一起打篮球。‎ ‎1．解析：finish后加动词时应该是doing形式，故填cleaning。‎ 答案：cleaning ‎2．解析：考查词形转换。the后面应该加名词形式，故填truth。‎ 答案：truth ‎3．解析：考查虚词。根据语境可知填连词，并且上下文出现了转折，故此处填but。‎ 答案：but ‎4．解析：考查代词。take care of后缺宾语，故只能用代词it 指代前文出现过的事物。‎ 答案：it ‎5．解析：考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。填what，代表所说的内容。‎ 答案：what ‎6．解析：考查介词。考查短语light up，本意是“容光焕发”，本文段中应理解为Shawn's dad心中有另外的想法，所以“脸色一变”。‎ 答案：up ‎7．解析：考查到非谓语动词。在句中作状语，表示人“感到迷惑的”。另外尤其注意这个空应该首字母大写。‎ 答案：Puzzled ‎8．解析：考查名词的单复数。此处应填名词，再根据文意，picture不只有一副，故填复数形式。‎ 答案：pictures ‎9．解析：考查时态。当事人说话的当下，应该用现在进行时，表示Peter此刻正在等“我”。‎ 答案：is waiting ‎10．解析：考查词性转换。表示“肯定地，一定地”，要用副词。‎ 答案：Absolutely ‎【五】‎ Our grandparents seems to have magic powers sometimes.Give them a Chinese lunar calendar 1.________they will know what the weather ‎ will be like days or even months later.‎ What's the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms(节气), 2.________were added on Nov.30 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity(人类非物资文化遗产)by the United Nations(UN)．It is a knowledge system and social practice 3.________(form) through people's observations of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate.‎ The 24 Solar Terms 4.________(come) into being during the Qin and Han 5.________(dynasty)．At that time，most Chinese people made their living on farms，so weather changes were 6.________(extreme) important for them.But of course，they had no satellite，Internet or weather broadcast 7.________(help) them. 8.________these difficulties，they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement and also 9.________(pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature，water and crop growth.‎ It is honored as China's 10.________(five) great invention，after papermaking，printing，the compass and gunpowder.Now，it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的二十四节气被增加到人类非物质文化遗产的名录中，介绍二十四节气的由来和重要性。‎ ‎1．解析：根据语境可知为并列句应使用：祈使句＋and/or＋简单句的句型。故填and。‎ 答案：and ‎2．解析：本句为非限制性定语从句，空处在定语从句中作主语，修饰the 24 Solar Terms(节气)。故填which。‎ 答案：which ‎3．解析：a knowledge system and social practice和form是被动关系。故填formed。‎ 答案：formed ‎4．解析：根据during the Qin and Han可知用一般过去时。故填came。‎ 答案：came ‎5．解析：dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，用复数。故填dynasties。‎ 答案：dynasties ‎6．解析：修饰形容词important，用副词。故填extremely。‎ 答案：extremely ‎7．解析：根据语境可知应使用have sth.to do的搭配，不定式作定语。故填to help。‎ 答案：to help ‎8．解析：根据句意“虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地制定了二十四节气”可知这里需用介词，表示转折的介词是despite。故填despite。‎ 答案：Despite ‎9．解析：和studying并列作by的宾语用动名词。故填paying。‎ 答案：paying ‎10．解析：根据句意“它被誉为中国第五大发明”可知使用序数词，故填fifth。‎ 答案：fifth ‎【六】‎ M：Hello! Today we have the actress Jennifer Lawrence on our show!‎ W：Hi，Matt!‎ M：So，tell us about some of 1.________(you) acting experiences.‎ W：Well，I tried out for the lead role in the Twilight movies in 2007，but I 2.________(lose) out to Kristen Stewart.It's funny，but we're 3.________(actual) friends now! The first movie I was in 4.________(call) Garden Party but I only had a small part.But afterwards I had a bigger role in a movie named The Burning Plain.It was 5.________(excite)，because I got to act 6.________the famous actor Charlize Theron, 7.________is someone I admire.And I was lucky 8.________(win) an acting award for that movie at the 2008 Venice Film Festival.But it was with the film Winter's Bone 9.________I had the chance to have a lead role.I felt a lot of 10.________(press)，but the director Debra Granik helped me to relax.After that，I got offer to do The ‎ Hunger Games films.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了演员Jennifer Lawrence在电视节目中接受采访，讲述了自己的演艺经历。‎ ‎1．解析：修饰acting experiences用形容词性物主代词。故填your。‎ 答案：your ‎2．解析：根据上文“I tried out for the lead role in the Twilight movies in 2007，”可知，这句话用一般过去时。故填lost。‎ 答案：lost ‎3．解析：修饰be动词用副词。故填actually。‎ 答案：actually ‎4．解析：主语the first movie和call是被动关系，而且讲述第一部电影用一般过去时，主语是单数。故填was called。‎ 答案：was called ‎5．解析：作be动词was的表语，主语是it，用现在分词形式表示形容词。故填exciting。‎ 答案：exciting ‎6．解析：根据句意“我可以和著名演员Charlize Theron一起表演”可知用介词with表示“和……一起”。故填with。‎ 答案：with ‎7．解析：本句是定语从句，先行词是Charlize Theron，定语从句中缺少宾语，用who引导定语从句。故填who。‎ 答案：who ‎8．解析：根据语境可知应使用be＋形容词＋不定式结构，不定式作原因状语。故填to win。‎ 答案：to win ‎9．解析：本句为强调句，结构是：It is＋强调部分＋that＋从句。故填that。‎ 答案：that ‎10．解析：a lot of修饰名词，而且pressure“压力”是不可数名词。故填pressure。‎ 答案：pressure ‎【七】‎ In general，spoken statements are a major way of 1.________(communicate)，but body language is also important.‎ Last week，I went to the airport 2.________(meet)an international student，Tony Garcia from Columbia.After a half hour's waiting，I got sight of him and quickly approached to greet him.To my surprise，he touched my shoulder and kissed me on the cheek.I felt so 3.________(embarrass) that I stepped back and put up my hands，as if to defend 4.________．I guessed that there 5.________(be)some ‎ misunderstanding between us.‎ As I get to know more foreign friends，I learn that not all cultures greet each other the same way.English people，for example，don't 6.________(usual)touch strangers when they meet. 7.________，people from places like Spain，Italy and South American countries get close to others and likely to touch them.‎ ‎ 8.________ the development of society，international exchange is becoming 9.________(much)frequent，so we should learn about the different customs and behave properly 10.________meeting international friends.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者在记述自己的生活经历时介绍了交流中肢体语言的重要性，不同国家人们的肢体语言也不同。‎ ‎1．解析：介词of后面接名词或动名词。故填communication/communicating。‎ 答案：communication/communicating ‎2．解析：本句中使用不定式作目的状语，故填to meet。‎ 答案：to meet ‎3．解析：作feel的表语用形容词，修饰人一般用过去分词形式的形容词。故填embarrassed。‎ 答案：embarrassed ‎4．解析：根据上文“I stepped back and put up my hands”可知，我好像要保护自己。故填myself。‎ 答案：myself ‎5．解析：根据语境可知对过去情况的推测用must have done表示“过去一定做了某事”。故填must have been。‎ 答案：must have been ‎6．解析：修饰动词touch用副词。故填usually。‎ 答案：usually ‎7．解析：上文说英国人不经常接触陌生人，下文说西班牙，意大利，南美的人经常靠近其他人并接触他们。表示转折关系，这里有逗号需要副词。故填however。‎ 答案：However ‎8．解析：根据语境可知空处为伴随状语，故填with。‎ 答案：With ‎9．解析：根据语境可知应使用more修饰frequent构成比较级。故填more。‎ 答案：more ‎10．解析：根据语境可知应使用when引导时间状语从句的省略式。故填when。‎ 答案：when ‎【八】‎ A plane that crashed in the mountains of Colombia, 1.________(kill)‎ ‎ 11 people，including members of a Brazilian football team，may have run out of fuel.‎ Six people miraculously(奇迹地)survived the crash Monday night, 2.________the disaster actually wiped out an up-and-coming Brazilian football team and 3.________(send) shock waves through the world of football.Football legends Pele and Maradona as well as current 4.________ (superstar) Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo led tributes to(向致敬)the players of Chapecoense Real，a team whose march to glory 5.________(cut) suddenly short.Having risen only 6.________(recent) from obscurity(默默无闻)，the team was on its way to play in the finals of the Copa Sudamericana 7.________disaster struck.The charter plane reported “electrical failures” around 10：00 pm Monday and crashed soon after near the city of Medellin, 8.________(it) destination.‎ The plane's black box recorders have been found，but there was no word on how long it would take 9.________(analyze) them.The dead included most of the team and 20 Brazilian journalists traveling to cover 10.________match.The six survivors are being treated in hospital.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　一次飞机坠毁事件摧毁了一支即将到来的巴西足球队，一支通向荣耀的队伍。‎ ‎1．解析：现在分词作结果状语，故填killing。‎ 答案：killing ‎2．解析：句意：六个人奇迹般地幸存于星期一晚上的坠机事件，但是这场灾难实际上摧毁了一支即将到来的巴西足球队通过足球震惊了世界。此处表示转折，故填but。‎ 答案：but ‎3．解析：此处表示并列谓语，故填sent。‎ 答案：sent ‎4．解析：根据句意“当代的足球明星Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo”可知名词应用复数形式，故填superstars。‎ 答案：superstars ‎5．解析：根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填was cut。‎ 答案：was cut ‎6．解析：副词修饰整个句子，故填recently。‎ 答案：recently ‎7．解析：句意：当灾难到来的时候，该球队计划参加南美杯足球决赛。根据句意可知填when。‎ 答案：when ‎8．解析：句意：它的目的地。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ 答案：its ‎9．解析：固定句式：it takes sb.some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，故填to analyze。‎ 答案：to analyze ‎10．解析：句意：遇难者中包括采访这次比赛的20名巴西记者。此处表示特指，故填the。‎ 答案：the Passage 6‎ ‎(2017·江西省九江市一中高三模拟)‎ My favorite city in the United States is Las Vegas.It is in Nevada near California.It is a very exciting city 1.________ great hotels，fine restaurants and even casinos.‎ First of all，it is exciting to see the many beautiful hotels，exciting shows and exhibits.You can spend a lot of time 2.________ (take)pictures in front of the great hotels，and you can also see a lot of 3.________( fantasy ) shows at some of 4.________．You also can see the magic show of David Copperfield at the Mirage Hotel and visit an exhibit about the life of Elvis Presley.‎ ‎ 5.________ is also fun to eat in restaurants there.Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants 6.________ you can eat many different kinds of food.Of course，you can also gamble(赌博) in this city.But you have to be careful.You might win big money, 7.________ most people lose a lot of money!‎ This city never 8.________(sleep)．There are always lots of people in the street，and there is always something 9.________(see)or do.You should visit Las Vegas.It is 10.________(real) an exciting place.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。介绍了作者最喜爱的城市Las Vegas的魅力所在。‎ ‎1．解析：句意：这是一个令人兴奋的城市，有着(with)很棒的旅店，精美的饭店甚至还有赌场。故填with。‎ 答案：with ‎2．解析：使用spend time(in)doing sth.“花时间做某事”。故填taking。‎ 答案：taking ‎3．解析：修饰名词shows用形容词fantastic“极好的”。故填fantastic。‎ 答案：fantastic ‎4．解析：指代上文的the great hotels，用them作of的宾语。故填them。‎ 答案：them ‎5．解析：句式It is fun to do sth意为“做某事很有趣”。故填It。‎ 答案：It ‎6．解析：本句为定语从句，先行词是wonderful restaurants，定语从句缺少地点状语。故填where。‎ 答案：where ‎7．解析：句意：你可能会赢得很多钱，但是大多数人失去很多钱。故填but。‎ 答案：but ‎8．解析：这篇文章主要使用一般现在时，而且主语是单数。故填sleeps。‎ 答案：sleeps ‎9．解析：使用不定式作定语修饰something。故填to see。‎ 答案：to see ‎10．解析：修饰系表结构用副词。故填really。‎ 答案：really