高考英语必修1：Friendship-grammar学案 3页

Friendship-grammar学案 人教版新课标 必修一 unit 直接引语变间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： ‎ John said, "I’m going to London with my father."‎ 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语） ‎ John said that he was going to London with his father.‎ 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）‎ 如何变人称;‎ 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： ‎ She said：“My brother wants to go with me. ”→She said her brother wanted to go with her. ‎ ‎“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： ‎ He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 ‎ ‎“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： ‎ Mr Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.‎ 二、如何变时态：‎ 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。‎ 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： ‎ ‎1)She said, "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen ‎ ‎2)She said,"We hope so."→She said they hoped so. ‎ ‎3) She said."He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.‎ 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。‎ ‎①直接引语是客观真理。 ‎ ‎"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。‎ ‎②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： ‎ Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。‎ ‎③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： ‎ Xiao Wang said,"I was born on April ‎2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。‎ ‎④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning。‎ ‎⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：‎ ‎ Peter said. "You had better come have today." →Peter said I had better go there that day。‎ 三、如何变状语：‎ 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：‎ ‎ He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.‎ 四、如何变句型：‎ ‎①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.‎ ‎②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. ‎ ‎"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. ‎ ‎"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.‎ ‎③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 ‎ She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.‎ ‎④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： "Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.‎ ‎⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： ‎ He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.‎ 附：相应的变化 表示时间的词 now → then today→ that day ‎ this week(month ,etc) →that week (month ,etc) yesterday →the day before last week(month) → the week(month) before three days(a year)ago→three days(a year)before ‎ tomorrow →the next (following ) day next week(month→‎ the next(following)week(month)‎ 指示代词 This→that these→those 表地点的词 here →there 动词 bring→take come →go 语法练习 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：‎ ‎1. “I never eat meat.” he said. →He said that ______ never ______ meat.‎ ‎2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. →He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.‎ ‎3. “I took it home with me.‎” she said. →She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.‎ ‎4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”‎ ‎→The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.‎ ‎5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. →He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.‎ ‎6. “You must come here before five.” he said. →He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.‎ ‎7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. ‎ ‎→He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.‎ ‎8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. →He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.‎ ‎9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” →He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there ‎10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” →He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.‎ ‎11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.‎ ‎→He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. ‎ ‎12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. →He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.‎ ‎13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. ‎ ‎→He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.‎ ‎14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. →She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. ‎ ‎15. “Are you intested in this?” he said. →He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.‎ 参考答案 ‎1. he; ate 2. told;had; his 3.she; had; taken ‎ ‎4.rise; goes 5.told;had; before 6.had; there ‎ ‎7.had; before 8.asked; if/whether;before 9.told;could ‎ ‎10.how;she;had 11.where; I; had; those 12.if/whether; I; lived ‎ ‎13.told; to; stop 14.not; to; tell 15.asked; if/whether; that