名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题20+完形填空之议论文和说明文类 4页

‎1.【说明文阅读】【2016·上海】Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management ‎ control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male ‎ ‎ 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】51. D    52. A    53. B    54. D    55. C    56. B    57. A    58. D    59. A    60. C  61. B    62. B    63. D    64. A    65. C    ‎ ‎2.【社会现象类短文】【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.‎ Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!‎ When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.‎ People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.‎ On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.‎ As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.‎ ‎1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered ‎2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely ‎3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately ‎4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately ‎5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier ‎6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing ‎7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure ‎8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value ‎9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases ‎10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet ‎11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases ‎12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices ‎13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement ‎14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission ‎15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A ‎12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D