专题03 阅读理解说明文-备战2019年高考英语之阅读类试题解题妙招（解析版） 20页

专题03 阅读理解说明文 要求考生阅读5篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。‎ 考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。‎ ‎【备考启示】‎ ‎ 在复习中应着重加大语篇分析的训练，提高学生语篇分析能力和语言的综合运用能力，要精选一些短文阅读试题进行渐进式的强化练习，注重做题时间的控制和阅读速度的定量提高。从练入手强化知识的运用，从分析入手注重能力的提高，从结果入手寻找适应的差距。要尽可能使自己始终处于积极的思维状态，充分调动大脑中的语言知识，在训练中不断地加以分析、辨异、综合、深化，使整个复习过程处于不断变化、提高、求新、向高考目标接近的运动状态之中。 ‎ ‎ 要做好阅读理解，提高阅读能力，就必须扩大阅读量，探求阅读方法。对于这方面我们主要加强对以下四个方面的模块训练，一是＂理解主旨要义＂，二是＂理解文中具体信息＂，三是＂根据上下文推断生词的词义＂，四是＂做出简单的判断和推理＂。学生复习阅读，首先要对照《考纲》对阅读提出的六点能力要求，（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义； （4）作出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。检查一下自己在这六个方面中存在的缺陷。要求学生做到持之以恒，要求每天阅读三到四篇，限时21-28分钟。 ‎ ‎ 在训练中努力培养学生的 站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。‎ ‎32.D 【解析】标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。‎ Passage3(2016·新课标卷III)‎ ‎ If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.‎ Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.‎ There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.‎ At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.‎ Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.‎ ‎28. What can people do at the apple events?‎ ‎ A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.‎ ‎ C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.‎ ‎29. What can we learn about Decio? ‎ ‎ A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.‎ ‎ C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.‎ ‎30. What does the underlined phrase ＂a pipe dream＂ in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ ‎ A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.‎ C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.‎ ‎31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ ‎ A. To show how to grow apples.‎ ‎ B. To introduce an apple festival.‎ ‎ C. To help people select apples.‎ D. To promote apple research.‎ ‎【文章大意】作者向人们介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎，现在已经演变成＂苹果月＂了。在英国，人们在十月份庆祝该节日，持续大约一个月的时间。‎ Passage 4(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎ When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎ These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ ‎ Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎ The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working— at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”‎ ‎46. What do we know about John?‎ A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. ‎ B. He had few childhood playmates.‎ C. He received little love from his family.‎ D. He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.‎ A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competence C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men ‎48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.‎ A. recording the boys’ effort in school B. evaluating the men’s mental health C. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability ‎49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.‎ C. Clear and definite. D. sudden and rapid.‎ ‎50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. Competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D. Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。‎ ‎46.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段的句子He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.可知，John喜欢他的事业和婚姻。故选A。‎ ‎49. C 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp和下面一句可知，这里sharp的意思是明确的，一定的。故选C。‎ ‎50. B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。‎ Passage1（2019届【全国百强校】山东师范大学附属中学高三第四次模拟）‎ Plastic waste has polluted the Arctic. Two new studies have spied bags, fishing rope and tinier bits of rubbish in the Barents Sea. This sea sits north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. It mixes with the Arctic Ocean, which is even farther north.‎ Plastic waste in the Arctic could harm wildlife and may hint that large volumes of human rubbish are collecting there, says Melanie Bergmann. She is one of the scientists who spotted the waste. She studies Earth’s oceans at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, Germany. She first started counting bits of plastics in the Barents Sea because she kept spotting signs of the stuff there in images taken with deep-sea cameras.‎ Bergmann and her colleagues counted pieces of plastic from an icebreaker, a boat designed to break through large blocks of ice in very cold waters. They also tracked plastic pieces they saw during helicopter rides over Arctic waters. The team found 31 pieces of plastic. “That doesn’t seem like much, but it shows us that we’ve really got a problem, one that extends even to this remote area, far from civilization,” Bergmann says. She and her colleagues described their findings October 21 in Polar Biology.‎ Another team has also been counting plastics in the area. Those scientists took water from the Barents Sea and counted the number of smaller bits of plastics, called microplastics.‎ Plastic in the ocean is dangerous to animals. Some may get caught in rope or bags. And wildlife may swallow ‎ bags and other plastic bits. That makes them feel full. But some may eventually starve because they are not getting the nutrients they need to live. Sometimes plastics also may break down in an animal’s body and release poisonous chemicals. If another animal later eats the one that swallowed plastic, it too can end up with poisonous chemicals in its body. This, in turn, can travel up the food web, endangering predators (肉食动物) — even people.‎ ‎1.What can be learned from Para 1?‎ A. Europe is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean.‎ B. The Barents Sea is to the north of the Arctic.‎ C. The Arctic Ocean is polluted by plastic rubbish.‎ D. European countries are to blame for the pollution.‎ ‎2.What has brought Bergmann’s attention to plastic waste in Barents Sea?‎ A. Human rubbish dumped in the sea.‎ B. Pictures taken by deep-sea cameras.‎ C. Sea water taken to the laboratory.‎ D. Wildlife spotted by helicopter.‎ ‎3.What concerned Bergmann according to Para 3?‎ A. Plastic is found in the remote sea.‎ B. The sea is covered with plastic.‎ C. Advanced tools are in great need.‎ D. People suffered from bad weather.‎ ‎4.Why is plastic dangerous to animals?‎ A. Animals may get choked by bags or plastic bits.‎ B. Animals may die of hunger if they swallow bags.‎ C. Plastic can release harmful gases to kill animals.‎ D. It is hard for plastic bags and bits to break down.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是塑料垃圾对海洋的污染。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Plastic waste has polluted the Arctic.可知，从第一段得知“北冰洋被塑料垃圾污染了。”故选C。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句Plastic in the ocean is dangerous to animals. Some may get caught in rope or bags. And wildlife may swallow bags and other plastic bits.可知，塑料对动物有害是因为如果动物吞下塑料袋，它们可能会饿死。故选B。‎ Passage2（2018届河南省中原名校高三质量考评）‎ Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old. Angela Perri of Durham University, UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh radiocarbon dating on the two dog skeletons that gave this date, discovered in the prehistoric Koster site in Illinois, and found they were even older: around 10,100 years old.‎ A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still，at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas.The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as their skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadn’t been butchered for food. They had also been carefolly buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. The Stilwell II dog, which probably resembled a small English settler, was under what seemed to be the floor of a living area.‎ It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia. By this time, people were already moving into North America from Siberia; there is evidence some reached Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists have found signs of at least three waves of migration over the following millennia. There is no evidence that domestic dogs accompanied them.‎ ‎“We don’t know if dogs were part of the first waves of immigration to the Americas” says Luc Janssens of Ghent University in Belgium. “It could be so, but no archaeological bones have yet been found.”‎ It is “overwhelmingly probable” that some of the early settlers did bring dogs to the Americas, but they may not have had “the time or the spiritual compulsion to bury them’％ says Pat Shipman of Pennsylvania State University.‎ ‎1.How old is the oldest known domestic dog in the Americas?‎ A. About 9500 years. B. About 10,100 years.‎ C.10,190 years. D.18,500 years.‎ ‎2.The underlined word “butchered” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by .‎ A. killed B. bought C. trained D. raised ‎3.What is the attitude towards when tame dogs arrived in the Americas in the last three paragraphs?‎ A. Undoubted. B. Unsure. C. Indifferent. D. Unconfident.‎ ‎4.What is the main topic of this passage?‎ A. The earliest domestic dog in the Americas.‎ B. The first dog arriving in the Americas.‎ C. How dogs were domesticated in the Americas.‎ D. When the oldest dog was found in the Americas.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美洲有最早的家犬。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia.可知，对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选B。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一、二句Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old.可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选A。‎ Passage3（2018届吉林省百校联盟高三TOP20联考）‎ A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling.‎ The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is ‎ being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years.‎ The bin, designed by start-up company Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.‎ It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home."‎ Bin. E’s official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available. The office bin will sell at £ 430 while customers will need to pay a £ 107 subscription fee for an accompanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin. E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.‎ They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.”‎ ‎1.What do we know about about a new “smart bin” from the first paragraph?‎ A. It works automatically. B. It has been used widely.‎ C. It is easy to operate. D. It is very expensive.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The waste. B. The camera.‎ C. The bin. D. The sensor.‎ ‎11.Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins?‎ A. To change people’s behaviour,‎ B. To satisfy increasing demands.‎ C. To popularize new technology.‎ D. To make them more famous.‎ ‎4.Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. E’s official?‎ A. At home. B. In the supermarket.‎ C. In the open air. D. In the office.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了一款可以智能分类垃圾的“智能垃圾箱”。并对它的设计，市场应用进行了介绍。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “We’ve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home."可知客户越来越关注于可持续性，为了应对这一需求，会推出一个智能垃圾桶，故选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.最初只有一个为办公室设计的更大胆版本才可以使用。可知最初是在办公室使用，故选D。‎ Passage4（2018届山西省运城市高三上学期期中考试 ）‎ A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial analysis to determine whether students are paying attention in class. The software, called Nestor, is used in two online classes at the ESG business school beginning in September.‎ The idea, according to LCA founder Marcel Saucet, is to use the data that Nestor collects to improve the performance of both students and professors. The software uses students webcams（网络摄像机）to analyze eye movements and facial expressions and determine whether students are paying attention to a video lecture. It then formulates quizzes based on the content covered during moments of inattentiveness. Professors would also be able to identify moments when students’ attention declined, which could help to improve their teaching, Saucet says.‎ Advocates for AI in education say that the software is actually unable to teach a course, but the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to a student’s individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits. Such software could also help teachers by providing feedback on the effectiveness of their teaching, advocates say.‎ Saucet says Nestor won’t store any of the video footage it gets and that his company has no plans to sell any ‎ other data the software collects. In addition to facial recognition and analysis, the software can integrate（合并）with students’ calendars to suggest possible study times, and track their online behavior to pick up on patterns.‎ Rose Luckin, a professor at the University College London Knowledge Lab, says AI could unlock the “black box of learning” by providing information on how and when learning happens. Luckin says a program like Nestor could be useful for students who take classes remotely, since “there isn’t a human there watching them.” And while some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers, Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement. Saucet agrees. “Human contact is not going to go away,” he says. “There will always be professors.”‎ ‎1.How does Nestor work to find out when students aren’t paying attention?‎ A. By collecting the data of students’ performance in different classes.‎ B. By collecting the students’ grades in the quizzes.‎ C. By shooting and analyzing students’ eye movements and facial expressions..‎ D. By identifying moments when students’ attention declined.‎ ‎2.Which is the benefit of AI education?‎ A. It could be used exactly to replace a tutor.‎ B. It helps student to develop more effective studying habits.‎ C. The software is able to satisfy the requirement of a course.‎ D. It could help teachers to give feedback on students’ performance..‎ ‎3.How does Nestor deal with the information collected from students?‎ A. Nestor will use it to suggest possible study time to students’ schedule.‎ B. It won’t store any video footage but facial expression.‎ C. The company hasn’t expected to make profits by selling the data to other corporations..‎ D. Nestor will use it to keep track online of students’ behavior and punish them.‎ ‎4.What is Rose Luckin’s attitude towards the replacement of teachers with AI?‎ A. Objective. B. Approving.‎ C. Indifferent. D. Opposed.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍新的软件Nestor。它通过对学生眼球运动和面部表情的拍摄和分析来判断学生是否注意力集中。这种软件只对教学其辅助作用并不能替代老师。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中In addition to facial recognition and analysis, the software can integrate（合并）with students’ calendars to suggest possible study times, and track their online behavior to pick up on patterns. 可知Nestor将按着学生的进度用它来提示可能的学习时间。故选A。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中And while some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers, Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement. Saucet agrees.可知Rose Luckin’对AI成为老师的替代品持反对意见。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ Passage1‎ ‎ Vinegar makes salad,fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change.‎ Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）—the main component of vinegar.‎ After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.‎ It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their ‎ crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.‎ Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.‎ ‎1.What is the article mainly about? .‎ A. The world’s food supply will be increased. ‎ B. Plants better survive droughts.‎ C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. ‎ D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.‎ ‎2.It was discovered that acetate can .‎ A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil ‎3.What are the target plants of the experiment?‎ A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.‎ C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.‎ ‎4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method .‎ A. can make people’s trips pleasant B. turned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants D. appeals to many flower growing companies ‎【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。‎ Passage2‎ ‎ Pollution’s great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.‎ The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.‎ Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.‎ The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.‎ The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building ‎ designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.‎ Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.‎ Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.‎ Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.‎ ‎1.What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.‎ B. The process of building green buildings.‎ C. The benefits and features of green buildings.‎ D. Green buildings effects on the environment.‎ ‎2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.‎ A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently ‎3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?‎ A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.‎ B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.‎ C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.‎ D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.‎ ‎8.Why are green roofs used ?‎ A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well ‎【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle可知绿色建筑指的是更有效地利用能源和资源的建筑物。故选D。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。‎ Passage3‎ Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.‎ ‎ The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.‎ ‎ The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the ‎ new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a reputed MIB college. Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the perspective of company’s international business growth.‎ ‎ Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors.‎ ‎1.The second paragraph is mainly developed by _______.‎ ‎ A. analyzing causes B. listing figures ‎ C. making comparisons D. proving definition ‎2.More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because _______.‎ ‎ A. it is a compulsory course in the colleges ‎ B. it offers them conventional economic knowledge ‎ C. it offers them opportunities to do small businesses ‎ D. it helps them get good jobs in some organizations ‎3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. The international finance controller is a high-quality job.‎ ‎ B. People get higher salary in business field than in finance field.‎ ‎ C. MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others.‎ ‎ D. International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges.‎ ‎4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article?‎ ‎ A. To make an advertisement for the MIB course.‎ ‎ B. To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course.‎ ‎ C. To explain why the MIB course is getting popular.‎ ‎ D. To predict the development trend of the MIB course.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】本文属属于说明文，现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，文章中对其受欢迎的具体的原因进行了分析。‎ ‎3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance.可 知MIB课程中含有商业金融方面的课程，而很多机构会把国际金融控制师的工作给这些完成MIB学位 的人，说明这是一份非常好的工作。故A正确。‎ ‎4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎。本段最后一句There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.提出了这一课程受欢迎有很多原因，文章接下来三段就对具 体的原因进行了说明。故C项正确。‎ Passage4‎ You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虚拟聊天机器人）.‎ ‎ Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.‎ ‎ ＂Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,＂ Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符号） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.‎ ‎ Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.‎ ‎ These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a ＂Samantha＂, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ ‎ A. She became a best seller.‎ ‎ B. She became very powerful.‎ ‎ C. She became a money maker.‎ ‎ D. She became very popular.‎ ‎2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do?‎ ‎ A. Do housework.‎ ‎ B. Spread messages.‎ ‎ C. Identify various photos.‎ ‎ D. Read news to its users.‎ ‎3.Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?‎ ‎ A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon.‎ ‎4.What can be learned from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.‎ ‎ B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.‎ ‎ C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.‎ ‎ D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。‎ ‎4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,可知，人们期待这些程序除了智能手机之外，也能应用在电视，汽车， 起居室等地，所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上，故选B。‎