2020-2021学年高三英语语法一轮复习：虚拟语气 17页

2020-2021 学年高三英语语法一轮复习：虚拟语气 一、情态动词表示推测时，请按照推测的确定程度把下列情态动词排序 could should ought to must might may _____________________________________________________ 二、填表写出动词的正确形式（以 do 为例） 对一般情况或现在的动作或状态的推测 情态动词+________ 对过去的动作或状态的推测 情态动词+________ 虚拟：表示“本来…真实情况却不是这样” 情态动词+________ 三、单项选择 1. ---Can’t you stay a little longer? ---It’s getting late. I really ________ go now. My daughter is home alone. A. may B. can C. must D. dare 2. ---You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain. ---Well, I don’t know. It ________ do. A. might B. need C. would D. should 3. No reader ________ take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian. A. might B. must C. shall D. could 4. Judging from his worried face, we knew that he ________ have had some trouble. A. would B. will C. need D. must 5. I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 6. You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 7. ---Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. ---Oh, it’s too bad. You ________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 8. You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure that later you’ll be grateful you did it. A. should B. need C. shall D. may 9. My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who ________ have taken it? A. need B. must C. should D. could 10. Although you ________ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 第十二讲 虚拟语气 if、wish 的用法 虚拟语气定义 1. 语气是一种______形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种: ______语气、______ 语气和______语气。 2. 陈述语气表示所说的话是______。 3. 祈使语气表示所说的话是______或______。 4. 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观______或假想，所说的话是一种条件，不是______，或与事实相反。 【答案】 1. 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种: 陈述语气、祈使 语气和虚拟语气。 2. 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 3. 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 4. 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的话是一种条件，不是事实，或与事 实相反。 请说出下列句子是什么语气 1. Please call me tomorrow. 2. I won’t allow you to go with that boy. 3. If it rains tonight, we will stay at home. 4. I don’t know if he will come to help me. 5. I whish I were a famous writer. 6. If he had followed my advice earlier, he wouldn’t have been caught in the traffic jam. 【答案】 1. 祈使语气 2. 陈述语气 3. 陈述语气 4. 陈述语气 5. 虚拟语气 6. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气分类 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用  条件句类型：1. 真实条件句； 2. 非真实条件（或虚拟条件句）。  真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的。非真实条件句所说的是不可能发生的假设或与事实相反 的情况，需要用虚拟语气。 If he tells me the answer in the coming test, I won’ t work hard for the following weeks.（主将从现）  虚拟条件句：如果“我是一只鸟”、如果“我考试每次都第一名”、如果“ 昨天去看了那个电影”、 我的如果是，如果“__________________________________“ 【答案】：世界上没有战争（可以有多种答案，只要是反事实的说法就可以） 1. if 条件句  对现在的虚拟：If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky now.  对过去的虚拟：If I had worked harder before, I would have succeeded.  对将来的虚拟：If I succeeded/ were to succeed/ should succeed one day, everything would be all right. 由以上例句请总结下面的表格，做题时请判断主从句是对哪种时间的虚拟，找到表格中对映的动词 形式 条件句 if 条件句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 主语+should/would/could/might +________ 对过去虚拟 主语+should/would/could/might + ________ 对将来虚拟 主语+should/would/could/might + ________ 【答案】 条件句 if 条件句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 过去式（be 用 were） 主语+should/would/could/might +________ 对过去虚拟 had done 主语+should/would/could/might + ________ 对将来虚拟 1.过去式 2. should+ 动词原形 3. were to do 主语+should/would/could/might + ________ 【精讲精练】 1. If I ________ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. A. didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D。句意，如果我不是亲眼看见的，我不会相信它的。从句中 wouldn’t have believed 判断出是与 过去反事实，所以 if 从句应该用 had done 的形式。 2. ---The zookeeper was really annoyed with me. ---How could he have been if you ________ stones at the animals? A. didn’t throw B. don’t throw C. hadn’t throw D. haven’t throw 【答案】C。句意，动物园管理员真的恼怒我了。如果你没有向动物们扔石头，他怎么会这样呢？从主句 用 could have been 判断出是与过去反事实，所以 if 从句用 had done 的形式。 3. We ________ a taxi yesterday if he hadn’t offered us a ride home. A. would called B. called C. would have called D. had called 【答案】C。句意，昨天如果他不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。由 yesterday 判断主句是 与过去反事实，所以用 would have done 的形式。 4. What would you do if you ________ a million dollars? A. had B. have C. had had D. have had 【答案】A。句意，如果你有一百万美金，你会做什么？由句意判断 if 从句可以是与现在或将来反事实， 那么用过去式 had 就是正确形式。 2. if 错综时间条件句 当条件句与主句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词 并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为）， 而主句用 should/would/could/might +动词原形（指目前或将来的情况）。 1. If I had worked harder before, I would be successful now. 从句与________ 虚拟，主语与________虚拟。 2. If I had followed your advice, I would be much better now. 从句与________ 虚拟，主语与________虚拟。 【答案】1. 过去，现在 2. 过去，现在。 【精讲精练】 1. If we ________ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 【答案】D。句意，如果我们早点预定一个桌子，我们就不可能站在这排队了。由从句中 earlier 判断出从 句是与过去反事实，所以用 had done 的形式。 2. ---What do you think about the Huawei P7? ---Terrific. I would buy one if I ________an iPhone 6 Plus last year. A. didn’t buy B. don’t buy C. hadn’t bought D. haven’t bought 【答案】C。句意，如果我去年没有买 iPhone 6，现在我就会买一个华为 P7 了。由从句中 last year 判断出 从句是与过去反事实，所以用 had done 的形式。 3. If you had taken my advice then, you ________ in trouble now. A. would be B. wouldn’t be C. would have been D. wouldn’t have been 【答案】B。句意，那时如果你听从了我的建议，你现在就不会有麻烦了。由主句中 now 判断主句是与现 在反事实，所以用 would do 的形式，再根据翻译确定用否定。 3. 省略 If 的虚拟语气 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有 were, had 和 should 时，可省略 if，把 were，had 和 should 放到从句主 语前面。 If you were in my position, you would do the same. = ________ ________ in my position, you would do the same. If I had made much money, I could have done more things I like. =________ ________ ________ much money, I could have done more things I like. If they should come tomorrow, we would finish it. = ________ ________ ________ tomorrow, we would finish it. 【答案】Were you；Had I made ；Should they come 4. 含蓄条件句 句中含有 without, or, or else, but for, otherwise 等，虽然没有出现 if，但表示的是 if 的含义。 but for ________ otherwise________ or else ________ or ________ 【答案】要不是，否则，否则，否则 Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. =If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. = But for your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. Without the electricity, we human beings would live an inconvenient life. = If there were no electricity, we human beings would live an inconvenient life. 由此可知，句子中出现 without, or, or else, but for, otherwise 时 对于现在/将来的虚拟用：____________________________________________ 对于过去的虚拟用： ________________________________________________ 【答案】would do; would have done 【精讲精练】 1. The world today ________ different without the amazing discoveries produced by great scientists. A. were B. had seen C. would be D. would have been 【答案】C。句意，没有伟大科学家们做出的令人震惊的发明的话，今天的世界将会不同。without the amazing discoveries produced by great scientists 相当于 if there were no discoveries produced by great scientists,也就是 相当于一个与现在反事实的 if 虚拟条件句，所以考的是虚拟，主句由 today 判断是与现在反事实，所以用 would do 的形式。 2. He was not present, otherwise, he _______ us. A. would have helped B. would help C. had helped D. helped 【答案】A。句意，他现在不在，否则，他就会帮助我们了。Otherwise 是含蓄条件句的标志，由上句 was 判断出是过去的事，所以 otherwise 相当于 if he had been present, 是一个与过去反事实的虚拟条件句，考 的是虚拟的主句，与过去反事实要用 would have done 的形式。 二、虚拟语气在 wish 后的宾语从句中的运用 1. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有 三种形式： ① 表示与现在愿望相反，宾语从句的谓语用______________________。 【答案】一般过去时 I wish I wasn’t going to Paris. I wish I knew how to program the new computer. ② 对过去愿望相反，宾语从句的谓语用______________________。 【答案】had done I wish you had come to our New Year’s party. ③ 对将来愿望相反，宾语从句的谓语用：______________________。 【答案】would/should/could/might + do I wish he would try again. 我希望他再试一次。 I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有点用处。 2. 虚拟语气用于 would rather, would just as soon 后的宾语从句中 would rather, would sooner, would as soon 和 would just as soon 等短语表示“但愿”、“宁愿”等意思，其后 的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，常用过去式或过去完成式表示与现在或过去事实相反。 I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else. 【精讲精练】 1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ________ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2. You are late. If you ________ a few minutes earlier, you ________ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3. The two students talked as if they ________ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4. It is important that I ________ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He looked as if he ________ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not ________. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I ________ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8. Let’s say you could go there again, how ________ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ________ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10. ________ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11. If you had told me in advance, I ________ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ________ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13. I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I ________ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14. He’s working hard for fear that he ________. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15. If it ________ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16. He suggested that they ________ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had 17. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ________ there. A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go 18. I would have gone to the meeting if I ________ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 19. Would you rather I ________ buying a new bike? A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 20. You look so tired tonight. It is time you ________. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 参考答案 1-5 BBDAD 6-10 DDCAD 11-15 CDCAA 16-20 ACAAD 1.wish 后面用虚拟语气 表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 2.条件句表示与过去事实相反 主句用过去将来完成时 从句用过去完成时。 3.as if 后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。 4.It is important that 是主语从句的虚拟语气 从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 5.as if 后面是真实情况 不虚拟。 6.lain 是 lie 的过去分词 表示“躺”。 7.could have done 表示“本来可以”。 8.与将来相反的虚拟语气 主句用过去将来时。 9.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 10.but for 表示“要不是……的话 通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。 11.in advance 表示“事先 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 12.wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。 13.but 的并列句表示真实情况 不用虚拟语气。 14.for fear that 后面的状语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 15.表示与过去事实相反 主句用过去将来完成时 从句用过去完成时。 16.suggest 后面的宾语从句用 sb. should do 的形式。 17.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do 的形式 可以省略。 18.表示与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时。 19.would rather 的宾语从句用 sb. did 的形式。 20.It is time 后面的定语从句用 sb. did 的形式。 出门测 成绩______ 一、基础知识填空 1. if 引导的虚拟语气在时间上可分为 ________、________、________；其分别对应的从句形式为 ________、________、________；主句形式为 ________、________、________ 2. 错综时间的条件句是指 ________。 3. 省略 if 的倒装句必须满足从句中含有 ________、________、________。 4. 含蓄条件句的引导词有 ________、________、________、________、________。 5. wish 引导的虚拟语气在时间上可分为 ________、________、________；其形式分别为________、 ________、________。 二、单项选择 1. Jean wishes that he ________ that house last spring. A. bought B. had bought C. buys D. were to buy 2. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway________ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 3. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had 4. I’d rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t 一、单项选择 1. But for the mistakes he made, Li Ming________ the entrance exam last year. A. would have passed B. will pass C. would pass D. will have passed 2. ---If I________ my dog run out in the street, it wouldn’t have been injured by the car. ---Don’t blame yourself any more. Owing a pet is a tough job. A. hadn’t let B. didn’t let C. wouldn’t let D. wouldn’t have let 3. ---Joe, don’t forget to bring your laptop with you tomorrow, OK? ---Oh, thank you. I wouldn’t bring it if you ________ me. A. wouldn’t remind B. haven’t remind C. hadn’t remind D. shouldn’t have remind 4. If my alarm clock ________, I wouldn’t have been late this morning. A. rang B. would ring C. had rung D. would have rung 5. I didn’t know your mobile phone number; Otherwise I ________ you the moment I got to Canada. A. would ring B. would have rung C. had rung D. rang 6. The earthquake victims were given clothes and food, without which they ________ of cold and hunger. A. would die B. will die C. have die D. would have die 7. If I ________ the project earlier, I would be enjoying myself on the beach now. 课后作业 A. might finish B. finished C. had finished D. would have finished 8. If you had told him the truth, he ________ so angry now. A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 9. If Nina ________ that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her, she wouldn’t have walked back home. A. knows B. knew C. has known D. had known 10. Maybe if I ________ science, and not literary then, and I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 11. If only he ________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 12. How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 13. You did not let me drive. If we ________in turn, you ________ so tired A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 14. ________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 15. I suggested the person ________to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 16. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 17. I insisted ________to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ________ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 18. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I would rather she ________me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 19. ---Would you have called her up ? ---Yes, but I ________busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 20. I was ill that day, otherwise I ________ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 21. ________the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 22. If my lawyer ________here last Sunday, he ________ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 23. ________hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 24. ________ today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 25. Had you listened to the doctor, you ________all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 26. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ________, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 27. He _________busy yesterday, or he ________you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 28. If it ________for the snow, we ________the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb 29. Without electricity, human life ________quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 30. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon as you _________her about it A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 二、汉译英： 1. 如果你昨天参加了会议，你现在就知道怎么做 2. 感谢你帮助了我。要不是你的好意，我今天就得不了这 3. 如果你处在我的位置，你会做同样的事 4. 没有空气我们就不能活着 5. 如果我没有努力学习，就不会通过这次考试 参考答案 入门测 一、情态动词表示推测时，请按照推测的确定程度把下列情态动词排序 must should ought to could may might 二、填表写出动词的正确形式（以 do 为例） 对一般情况或现在的动作或状态的推测 情态动词+do 对过去的动作或状态的推测 情态动词+have+done 虚拟：表示“本来…真实情况却不是这样” 情态动词+have+done 三、单项选择 1-5 CACDC 6-10 ADDDD 出门测 一、基础知识填空 1. 现在，过去，将来 were/did, had done, were (to)/did/should do would /could /should/ might +do ,would /could /should/ might +have done, would /could /should/ might +do 2. 主从句虚拟时间不同，常考为从句为过去虚拟，主句对现在虚拟。 3. 从句中含有 were, had, should, 将其放于句首，if 省略，实行倒装。 4. or, otherwise, but for, without, but, 5. 现在，过去，将来，were/did, had done, could/would/might +do 二、单项选择 1-4 BDCC 课后作业 一、单选选择 1-5 AACCB 6-10 DCCDC 11-15 CBDBC 16-20 CCBAA 21-25 DABAC 26-30 DBCDA 二、汉译英： 1. If you had attended the meeting yesterday, you would know how to do it now. 2. Thank you for helping me. But for your kindness, I wouldn’t have won the prize today. 3. If you were in my position, you would do the same. 或者 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 4. We couldn’t live without air. 5. If I hadn’t worked hard, I wouldn’t have passed the exam..