【英语】2019届二轮复习专题完型填空难点解题指导教案（36页word版） 35页

适用学科 高中英语 适用年级 高二 适用区域 人教新课标版 课时时长（分钟）‎ ‎2课时 知识点 1. 完形填空考点；‎ 2. 各种题材的完形填空技巧点拨。‎ 教学目标 ‎1. 完形填空考点解读；‎ ‎2. 完形填空技能的指导。‎ 教学重点 ‎1. 考点运用；‎ ‎2. 各种题材完形填空的特点。‎ 教学难点 不同题材完形填空技巧的运用 ‎2019届二轮复习专题 完型填空难点解题指导 一、导入 教学建议：导入有很多种方法，一般控制在十分钟左右为宜，可以采用各种形式，比如：‎ ‎1、直接导入法。‎ ‎2、复习以往知识：可以从已学、已知的入手，与今天的教学进行对比。‎ ‎3、课前小测：可以针对学生学校里近期讲授的内容进行出题（以简单题和中档题为主，以10分钟左右为宜）进行测验，也可以针对基础知识进行复习提问，检查学生学校所学内容的掌握程度，进而展开教学。‎ ‎4、以近年来发生的重大事件为题导入。既考查了学生从社会生活中获取信息的能力，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，让学生马上进入学习状态等。‎ 以上的导入方法只是建议，大家选择其中一种或两种进行交叉使用即可。‎ 完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面：‎ ‎(1)词语辨析能力　　‎ ‎(2)语法结构分析能力　‎ ‎(3)语篇理解能力　‎ ‎(4)逻辑推理能力 ‎(5)文化背景透析能力　‎ ‎(6)作者意图剖析能力　‎ ‎(7)生活常识综合运用能力 二、知识讲解 完形填空在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。词数大多在250—300，难度低于阅读理解部分的文段。‎ 完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择正确答案是解决这类题的关键。‎ 探究点1　对名词和动词的考查 完形填空主要考查语境理解， 而在通常情况下， 只有实词才能较好地体现语境。‎ ‎　　一、名词 ‎　　名词是完形填空中对词汇考查的重要内容之一。名词在英语基本词汇中所占比例很大， 而且英语中名词的同义词和近义词很多， 所以对名词考查的主要项目是名词词义辨析， 此外还有名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配等。‎ 做题时应该注意：‎ ‎1．名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分 ‎【例题1】 Chinese arts have won the ________ of a lot of people outside China.‎ ‎　　A．enjoyment　　　　　B．appreciation C．entertainment 　　　D．reputation ‎ 【答案】B ‎ 【解析】 本题考查名词的词义辨析。enjoyment享乐， 快乐；appreciation欣赏， 正确评价， 感激；entertainment款待， 娱乐；reputation名誉， 名声。根据语境“中国的艺术得到许多海外人士的好评”可知答案为B。‎ 2． 名词在特定情景、语境中的特殊含义 ‎【例题2】“The longer you stay away from the motherland，” she said, “the sweeter your blood grows to the mosquitoes.” Well, less than a week after my arrival, I was already carpeted with a ________ of mosquito bites.‎ ‎　　　　A．shade 　　 B．pile　　　　C．cloud 　　 D．Blanket ‎ 【答案】D ‎ 【解析】 blanket原意是“毯子，毛毯”， 此处意思是“像毯子一样的厚厚的覆盖物”， 此处引申为“一层”。另外， blanket常用作名词， 意思是“毯子”， 也可用作动词， 意思是“像毯子一样覆盖”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【例题3】It didn’t matter whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the ________ of the company.‎ ‎ A．good 　　 B．boss 　　 C．rest 　　　D．Right ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】此处good是名词， 意为“好处，利益”。‎ ‎ ‎ 3． 名词与动词的搭配 ‎【例题4】I have read the material several times but it didn’t make any ________ to me.‎ A．meaning B．importance　　 C．sense D．significance ‎ ‎ 【答案】C ‎ 【解析】make sense是固定习语， 意为“意义清楚，讲得通，有道理”。‎ ‎ ‎ 2． 名词与介词的搭配 ‎【例题5】Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by ________ of cries.‎ A．ways 　　　　 B．means 　　C．methods 　　　 D．Approaches ‎ 【答案】B ‎ 【解析】四个选项都有“方法，手段”的意思， 但by means of 是固定短语，意为“借助……手段”。‎ ‎ 二、动词 ‎　　动词是高考考查的热点。命题者通过设计特定的、真实的语境对动词和动词短语的用法进行考查。‎ 做题时应该注意：‎ ‎　　1．动词的基本意义、引申意义 ‎【例题1】Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as EL Nino. The appearance of EL Nino is known to ________ the weather around the world.‎ A．effect B．affect　C．spoil D．Heat ‎ 【答案】B ‎ 【解析】effect使发生，实现，引起；affect影响，作用；spoil宠坏，溺爱，破坏；heat加热。‎ ‎【例题2】People who are welladjusted are able to______ stressful situations better than others.‎ ‎　　A．Handle　　 B．create 　　C．affect 　　　 D．investigate ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】handle作名词时意思是“柄， 把手”， 此处用作动词， 意为“处理， 操作”。‎ ‎ 2．同、近义动词的区分 ‎【例题3】Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20hour operation to have________ oneyearold twins at the head.‎ A．cut 　　　B．separated　 C．divided 　 D．Removed ‎ 【答案】B ‎ 【解析】 cut切，割，削，剪，截；separate把(本来在一起的人或物)分开， 分离；divide把(一个整体)划分为均等的几个部分；remove把……脱掉， 剔除。根据题意“医生成功地实施了手术， 把连体孪生婴儿分开了”， 只有separate 合乎语境。‎ ‎【例题4】Four years of study in Hong Kong is not cheap, costing at least 400,000 yuan, but many top students ________ scholarships.‎ ‎　　　A．accept 　　 B．receive　　　C．require 　　 D．Request ‎ 【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】accept接受， 同意， 承担(责任等)；receive收到，接受，迎接。此处的意思是“很多优秀学生获得奖学金”。‎ ‎ 3．动词与介词的搭配 ‎【例题1】A month ago, right before leaving Kennedy Airport, my grandma________ me of the behavior of the native mosquitoes around the visitors like me.‎ A． persuaded B．reminded C．warned D．Informed ‎ 【答案】C ‎ 【解析】warn sb.of sth.是固定搭配， 意为“警告某人某事”。‎ ‎【例题2】Scientists are _______ of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.‎ ‎ A．convinced B．persuaded C．Allowed D．prevented ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】convince sb.of sth.使某人确信， 使……信服。‎ ‎ 4. 动词与名词的搭配 ‎【例题1】 “But they are ________damage to our houses and shops of historical interest，” said John Norris, one of the protesters.‎ A．doing 　　 B．raising　　C．putting 　　 D．Producing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】固定搭配do damage to意为“损害，破坏”。‎ ‎【例题2】He explained that I looked for the best in people，...From then on, I’ve always tried to ________the principle in my life and later in running my company.‎ ‎ A．revise B．Set C．review D．Follow ‎ 【答案】D ‎ 【解析】follow the principle遵循原则。‎ 探究点2　对形容词和副词的考查 形容词、副词是高考完形填空题重要的考查内容。形容词可以修饰名词；副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。‎ 重点掌握以下两类副词：‎ ‎　　1．由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词， 如slowly(慢慢地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(骄傲地), carelessly(粗心地), properly(适当地， 完全地), successfully(成功地)，‎ ‎ badly(严重地， 非常)等。 ‎ ‎　　2．由分词加后缀-ly构成的副词， 如surprisingly(使人惊奇的是), hurriedly(匆忙地), undoubtedly(无疑， 必定)等。‎ ‎ ‎ 做题时应该注意：‎ ‎1．形容词、副词的基本意义、引申意义 ‎【例题1】That his only son was killed in a car accident was a __________‎ ‎ blow to the old man.‎ A．heavy 　B．broad　　C．huge 　 D．main ‎ 【答案】A ‎ 【解析】老人唯一的儿子在车祸中丧生对他来说是沉重的打击。这里的heavy意思是“强烈的， 沉重的”。‎ ‎【例题2】She has the ability to keep________ in an emergency.‎ A．quiet 　　 B．calm　　C．still 　　　D．Silent ‎【答案】B ‎ 【解析】我们不妨从这几个表示“静”的反义词的角度来加以辨析。calm对应wild, 指海上无浪， 情绪稳定；still对应moving, 指不动；silent对应wordy, 指不出声；quiet对应noisy, 指安静， 无噪音。由句意可知应选B。‎ ‎【例题3】Mr. Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up.‎ ‎　　 A．seriously 　B．heavily　　C．badly 　　　 D．Hardly ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】Mr. Smith以前抽烟抽得很凶， 但现在已经戒掉了。这里的heavily指的是量大， 次数频繁。‎ ‎ 2．同、近义形容词、副词的区别 在对形容词和副词的考查中， 有时会碰到同义、近义词的辨析。辨析时， 单从汉语意思上有时是无法辨清的。我们要逆向思维， 采用反义对比、分析构词等方法， 使语义一目了然。‎ ‎【例题1】When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above ________.‎ ‎　　A．average 　B．ordinary　　C．regular 　 D．normal ‎【例题2】Letter boxes are much more ______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.‎ ‎　　A．Common B．Normal C．ordinary D．usual ‎【例题3】It’s in the ________ interest that we should have a well-run health service.‎ ‎　　A．ordinary 　 B．general　　C．Particular　 D．usual ‎【例题4】Now, in our country, free medical treatment covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.‎ ‎　　A．normal 　 B．average　　C．ordinary 　D．regular ‎【答案】1.D　2.A　3.B　4.C ‎ 【解析】这组题目主要涉及ordinary, usual, common和normal等词语的辨析。要辨清这几个中文意义十分相近的词的用法， 我们不妨来个逆向思维， 从它们的反义词上去寻找一些“蛛丝马迹”：ordinary — special (特殊的)；general — specific, particular (具体的， 个体的)；common — rare (少见的)；normal — abnormal (不正常的)。从反义词的角度， 把同义、近义词作对比， 它们的区别便一目了然。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 3．形容词与介词的搭配 ‎【例题1】This magazine is very ________ with young people, who like its content and style.‎ A．familiar B．popular　C．similar D．Particular ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】be familiar with熟悉；be popular with受……欢迎；be similar to与……相似(注意不搭配介词with)；be particular about对……很讲究(不搭配介词with)。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 4．副词与动词的搭配 ‎【例题1】I ______ recognize the difficult situation the company is in.‎ A．Strongly　 　 B．deeply　 C．sincerely 　　 D．Fully ‎【答案】D ‎ 【解析】注意记忆一些常用表达， 如deeply regret 深感遗憾；fully recognize完全认清；sincerely hope由衷地希望；strongly recommend强烈建议。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 5．语境 ‎　　对形容词、副词的考查， 侧重语境考查占较大比重。解答此类题目时不仅要理解形容词和副词的词义， 而且对语境的正确理解更为重要。所以，要根据语境选择与短文所描述的情景或叙述的人、物、事件的性质、特征等有关的形容词或副词， 选择与短文前后叙述的话题、主题、中心内容相关的形容词或副词。‎ ‎【例题1】The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ________ have been solved by the end of next week.‎ ‎ A．eagerly B．hopefully C．immediately Ｄ ．Gradually ‎【答案】B ‎ 【解析】既然“现在正在讨论”， 那么这个问题在一定时间内得到解决是“有希望的”。比较四个选项， 你会发现A、C、D在逻辑上都讲不通， 可知答案是B。‎ ‎【例题2】 At times, worrying is a normal, ________ response to a difficult event or situation — a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.‎ A．effective B．individual　　 C．inevitable D．Unfavorable ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】分析题干的语境可知， 既然“worrying”是对困难的一种正常反应， 那么这种现象的发生就是自然的， 也是“不可避免的”。‎ 三 、课堂运用 教学建议说明：在对课堂知识讲解完，把握了重点突破了难点以及练习精讲了之后，再用练习进行课堂巩固或检测，根据学生情况建议分3个难度层次：易，中，难。‎ 记叙文型完形填空 记叙文是完形填空的主打体裁。其主要特点是以记叙为主，辅以各种综合表达方法，包括描写、说明、议论和抒情等。通过对人和事的描写表达作者的思想感情和中心思想。记叙的要素包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。记叙文的另一特点就是有一定的叙事线索，如：人物线索(人物的经历、见闻、感受等)、事件线索(中心事件的来龙去脉)、感情线索(作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化)、时间线索、地点和空间线索等。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写，这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时，考生必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等进行合理的想象和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，从而透彻理解文意，达到对语境的准确理解，这样才能做出合理的选择。‎ 典例导练 ‎ “What a busy day！Babysitting the three boys aged eight，six and four is extremely tiring，”Mary thought.‎ Leaning back，she__1__ her feet onto the sofa to get comfortable. Whoever said babysitting was a(n)__2__way to make money obviously hadn’t met the three boys，she thought. The television was on，the room was warm，and the lights were dim. Mary’s __3__ felt heavier and heavier. I mustn’t sleep，she thought—which was __4__ what she did，of course.‎ Strangely enough，she soon__5__that she was a world-famous chef(主厨)．She made a __6__and wore diamonds and designer clothes. Most days she relaxed by the pool，meeting the rich and famous or reading—her favorite hobby.She__7__took the leading role in her own TV show.‎ That is, until she became too proud. “I am definitely the best in the world，”she thought，as she prepared a tasty chicken dish. But __8__ seemed to go right. She spilt the flour，she dropped an egg and she cut her finger. Despite all the troubles，she __9__ to get the chicken into the stove. Soon，smoke blanketed the room. The chicken was on fire.__10__set in，but Mary could not run—she was__11__to the spot. She tried hard to move，but could not，until a sharp sound awoke her.‎ She got shocked and confused—__12__ was pouring from the kitchen.‎ ‎ Rushing to investigate，she was met by three __13__ little faces and some very burnt bread. “Sorry，we were hungry and you were __14__，so we tried to make some bread，” explained a boy. Relieved，Mary made them a snack and sent them back to bed. She __15__ them never to fall asleep on the job again!‎ ‎(　　)1.A.shook　 B．put　 C．bent 　 D．kept ‎(　　)2.A.difficult B．boring C．important D．easy ‎(　　)3.A.eyes B．mind C．heart D．legs ‎(　　)4.A.nicely B．exactly C．curiously D．carelessly ‎(　　)5.A.realized B．reminded C．learnt D．dreamt ‎(　　)6.A.decision B．fortune C．business D．plan ‎(　　)7.A.just B．ever C．even D．only ‎(　　)8.A.everything B．something C．anything D．nothing ‎(　　)9.A.tried B．arranged C．Managed D．prepared ‎(　　)10.A.Panic B．pain C．Noise D．Stress ‎(　　)11.A.frozen B．dragged C．pushed D．brought ‎(　　)12.A.smoke B．light C．water D．fire ‎(　　)13.A.cheerful B．strange C．guilty D．confident ‎(　　)14.A.busy B．hungry C．worried D．asleep ‎(　　)15.A.promised B．allowed C．expected D．Persuaded ‎【答案】1-5 BDABD 6-10 BCDCA 11-15 AACDA ‎【解析】 本文为记叙文，主要叙述了保姆玛丽在照顾小孩时因疲劳而睡着了，结果，小孩子们因饥饿自己做东西吃时烧焦了面包。玛丽惊醒后哄他们睡觉。‎ ‎　　1．B　考查动词词义辨析。根据语境应该是她把脚放在沙发上想舒适一些。A项意为“摇动”；B项意为“放”；C项意为“弯曲”；D项意为“保持”，只有B符合题意。‎ ‎　　2．D　考查形容词词义辨析。联系前后文理解，她想有些人认为做保姆是轻松的工作是因为他们没有碰到这三个孩子。easy符合语境。‎ ‎　　3．A　考查名词词义辨析。联系前后文理解，因疲劳她的眼睛感到越来越沉重。A项意为“眼睛”；B项意为“头脑”；C项意为“心脏”；D项意为“腿”，根据题意答案选A。‎ ‎ 4．B　考查副词词义辨析。联系前文理解她想不睡，但事实上她偏偏睡着了。句意为：那恰恰是她做的事。A项意为“很好地”；B项意为“恰好”；C项意为“好奇地”；D项意为“粗心地”，根据题意答案选B。‎ ‎　　5．D　考查动词词义辨析。联系前后文，她睡着后做了梦。A项意为“认识到”；B项意为“提醒”；C项意为“学习”；D项意为“做梦”，D符合语境。‎ ‎ 6．B　考查情景识别和固定短语。联系语境，她做梦挣了很多钱。make a fortune意为“挣大钱”，固定短语。‎ ‎ 7．C　考查副词。句意为：她甚至在她自己的电视节目中担任主角。联系前面的好事，这是进一步的好事，所以选C项，意为“甚至”。A项意为“只是”；B项意为“曾经”；D项意为“只，仅仅”，三者都不符合题意。‎ ‎ 8．D　考查不定代词。联系后文的切了手指、掉了鸡蛋等事推知选nothing。‎ ‎　　9．C　考查动词词义辨析。联系前后文理解，她设法把鸡肉放进炉子里，但是，不久鸡肉烧着了。A项意为“努力”；B项意为“安排”；C项意为“设法做到”；D项意为“准备”，故C符合题意。‎ ‎　　10．A　考查名词辨析。联系前文理解，她陷入了恐慌。故Panic合适。‎ ‎　　11．A　考查动词辨析。联系前文鸡肉烧着了，她不知如何是好就僵在了当场。A项意为“僵住”；B项意为“拖，拉”；C项意为“推”；D项意为“带来”，故A合适。‎ ‎　　12．A　考查名词辨析。联系后文理解，烟是从厨房里冒出来的。A项意为“烟”；B项意为“光”；C项意为“水”；D项意为“火”，从后文推断A符合题意。‎ ‎ 13．C　考查形容词辨析。从后文孩子们的道歉推断这里指的是“歉意的小脸蛋”，故选C项guilty。A项意为“兴高采烈的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；D项意为“自信的”，这三者不符合语境。‎ ‎　　14．D　考查形容词辨析。句意为：你在睡觉，而我们很饿所以我们就自己弄东西吃。A项意为“忙的”；B项意为“饿的”；C项意为“担心的”；D项意为“睡着的”，根据句意答案选D。‎ ‎　　15．A　考查动词辨析。联系前文她自己出现了过错，这里指的是她许诺不再在工作期间睡觉。A项意为“许诺”；B项意为“允许”；C项意为“预料”；D项意为“说服”，根据语境答案选A。‎ 夹叙夹议型完形填空 夹叙夹议的文章是完形填空中热点体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：(1)事例——观点。先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理；(2)观点——事例。先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明；(3)观点——事例——观点。提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。‎ 解题时，要做到：(1)读好短文首句，琢磨文章内容。完形填空的首句一般不设空，是完整的一句话，信息就从这里开始，他暗示或告诉读者下文将会说什么。正确的利用首句信息对于把握文章的大意是极其重要和有效的；(2)感受文体风格，领会作者意图。文章的写作风格往往能表现出作者的思想倾向和情感态度，因此分析作者是否一直用某种态度叙述某件事情，就能正确地把握反映作者思想情感的关键词。‎ 典例导练 ‎ A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting(诱人的) apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the__1__he felt and the more he wanted that apple.‎ ‎ He stood on tiptoe(脚尖)，__2__as high as he could, but even at his tallest height he was unable to touch it. He began to__3__up and down, as high as he could, at the top of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of__4__.‎ ‎ Not giving up, he thought, if only he had something to__5__on.His school bag wouldn’t give enough height and he didn’t want to__6__the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case, and Gameboy.Looking__7__， he hoped he might find an old box, a rock, or even a ladder, but there was nothing he could use.‎ ‎ He had tried everything he could think to do.__8__seeing any other choices, he gave up and started to walk__9__.At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his__10__， and how he really wanted that apple. The more he__11__like this, the more unhappy he became.‎ ‎ __12__， the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn’t always get what he wanted. He started to say to himself，“This isn’t__13__.I don’t have the apple and I’m feeling miserable as well.There’s__14__more I can do to get the apple—that is unchangeable—but we are supposed to be able to__15__our feelings. If that’s the case, what can I do to feel better？”‎ ‎(　　)1.A.sadder　 B．angrier C．hungrier D．tastier ‎(　　)2.A.expanding B．stretching C．swinging D．pulling ‎(　　)3.A.jump B．look C．walk D．glance ‎(　　)4.A.hope B．hand C．sight D．reach ‎(　　)5.A.put B．stand C．get D．hold ‎(　　)6.A.break B．shake C．take D．strike ‎(　　)7.A.up B．forward C．down D．around ‎(　　)8.A.After B．Through C．Without D．Upon ‎(　　)9.A.back B．away C．up D．down ‎(　　)10.A.wishes B．beliefs C．efforts D．goals ‎(　　)11.A.thought B．imagined C．tried D．claimed ‎(　　)12.A.Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Otherwise ‎(　　)13.A.skillful B．cheerful C．harmful D．helpful ‎(　　)14.A.something B．anything C．everything D．nothing ‎(　　)15.A.change B．express C．forget D．Describe ‎【答案】1-5 CBADB 6-10 ADCBC 11-15 ABDDA ‎【解析】 本文属夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了一个男孩放学回家途中看到苹果树上高高挂着的苹果，尽力想摘下，但无论他如何努力，他始终没有摘下苹果，最终只能放弃回家，不过他越想越不开心。本文说明面对我们无法改变的事实时，我们应该及时改变自己的看法，这样感觉会更好。‎ ‎ 1．C　考查形容词比较级的词义辨析。A项意为“更难过”；B项意为“更生气”；C项意为“更饿”；D项意为“味道更好”。句意为：他越看苹果，就感到越饿，就越想要拥有苹果。故选择C项。‎ ‎ 2．B　考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“扩展”；B项意为“延伸”；C项意为“摇摆”；D项意为“拖”。句意为：他踮起脚尖，手尽可能伸高。所以用stretch表示“延伸”。‎ ‎ 3．A　考查动词词义辨析。由句意可知，他开始上下跳得尽可能高，以便能够到苹果。所以本题选择A项jump。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．D　考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“手”；C项意为“视觉，视野”；D项意为“范围，延伸”。句意为：虽然跳得很高，但是仍旧够不着。out of reach意为“够不着”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎ 5．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他没有放弃，他认为要是有个东西垫高站在上面就好了。have something to stand on表示“有东西可站”。故选B项。‎ ‎ 6．A　考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“破损，弄坏”；B项意为“摇动”；C项意为“拿走”；D项意为“撞击，碰撞”。句意为：他的书包不能垫起很高，而且他也不想弄坏(break)里面的东西，像午餐盒、铅笔盒和玩具。‎ ‎ 7．D　考查动词短语辨析。look up意为“抬头看，查找”；look forward意为“向前看，展望”；look down意为“向下看”；look around意为“四处张望”。除了书包外，他只有四处张望寻找，希望能找到一个旧盒子、石头等可以垫高的东西，故选D项。‎ ‎ 8．C　他已经尝试了能想到的所有办法。别无选择他只能放弃了，所以这里选C项。‎ ‎ 9．B　考查副词的用法。放弃了摘苹果，他离开了(walk away)。‎ ‎ 10．C　考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“信仰，理念”；C项意为“努力”；D项意为“目标”。句意为：起初他感到气愤、失望，想到自己那么努力就生气，而且他真的很想拥有那个苹果。所以本题选择C项。‎ ‎ 11．A　考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“想到，认为”；B项意为“想象”；C项意为“试图”；D项意为“宣称”。句意为：他想得越多，就越生气。根据句意可知选用A项。‎ ‎ 12．B　考查副词词义辨析。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“然而”；C项意为“而且”；D项意为“否则”。句意为：然而(however)，故事中的男孩是一个聪明的孩子，即使他总是得不到他想要的东西。此处是与上文形成对比，所以选B项表示转折。‎ ‎ 13．D　考查形容词词义辨析。A项意为“熟练的，灵巧的”；B项意为“快乐的”；C项意为“有害的”；D项意为“有益的”。句意为：他自言自语道，这(生气)无益，我没有苹果而且我也感到痛苦。‎ ‎ 14．D　考查不定代词的用法。句意为：我再没有什么办法可以帮我去摘到苹果了，这已是不变的事实。不过，我们应该能够改变自己内心的感受(即不要生气)。因此选择D项。‎ ‎15．A　考查动词词义辨析。A项意为“改变”；B项意为“表达”；C项意为“忘记”；D项意为“描述”。‎ 议论文型完形填空 ‎ 议论文是完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1)开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。(3)最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易多了。 ‎ 真题典例 ‎ It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.The__1__is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by__2__situations that are designed for the__3__children.‎ There can be little doubt that__4__classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these__5__out of the regular classes may create serious problems.‎ I observed a number of__6__children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a__7__class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying__8__on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they ‎ began to reflect__9__on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.‎ Many are concerned that gifted children become__10__and lose interest in learning. However，this__11__is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these__12__simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are__13__.Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they__14__so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an__15__child.‎ ‎(　　)1.A.principle　 B．theory C．arguments D．classification ‎(　　)2.A.designing B．grouping C．learning D．living ‎(　　)3.A.smart B．curious C．mature D．average ‎(　　)4.A.regular B．special C．small D．creative ‎(　　)5.A.children B．programs C．graduates D．designs ‎(　　)6.A.intelligent B．competent C．ordinary D．independent ‎(　　)7.A.separate B．regular C．new D．boring ‎(　　)8.A.specially B．slightly C．wrongly D．heavily ‎(　　)9.A.directly B．cleverly C．voluntarily D．quickly ‎(　　)10.A.doubted B．bored C．worried D．tired ‎(　　)11.A.concern B．conclusion C．reflection D．interest ‎(　　)12.A.students B．adults C．scholars D．teachers ‎(　　)13.A.talented B．worried C．learned D．interested ‎(　　)14.A.believe B．think C．say D．feel ‎(　　)15.A.outstanding B．intelligent C．anxious D．ordinary ‎【答案】1-5 CCDBA 6-10 ABDCB 11-15 ABADC ‎【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章就有天赋的学生是不是应该进特殊班的问题进行了讨论：调查表明被分在特殊班的学生并没有表现出人们预料的好效果，因为特殊班里的学生过分依赖老师的引导，反而对学习失去了兴趣。‎ ‎ 1．C　考查名词辨析。根据文意可知分班的争论是基于一种观念，即普通班会阻碍有天赋的学生的发展。‎ ‎ 2．C　考查非谓语动词的用法。这里指为普通学生设计的普通班的学习环境。‎ ‎ 3．D　考查形容词词义辨析。下文指为普通学生设计的普通班；average(普通的，一般的)与前面的gifted相对。故选D。‎ ‎ 4．B　考查形容词的词义辨析。特殊班能帮助学生早毕业，尽早地走进生活。‎ ‎5．A　考查语境理解。根据上文可知此处指有天赋的孩子。句意为：然而把有天赋的孩子从普通班分出来可能会产生严重的问题。‎ ‎ 6．A　考查形容词词义辨析。此处intelligent意为“聪明的，有天赋的”，与gifted同义。‎ ‎ 7．B　考查形容词词义辨析。根据语境可知选regular，意为“普通的”。‎ ‎ 8．D　考查副词词义辨析。在特殊班里的学生没怎么表现出运用自己的判断力的能力，相反，他们过分依赖老师的引导。‎ ‎ 9．C　考查副词词义辨析。由having no worry about keeping up可知在普通班有天赋的学生不必担心跟不上课程的问题，所以他们就会自动地思考许多问题。此处voluntarily意为“自愿地，主动地”。‎ ‎ 10．B　考查形容词词义辨析。许多人担心有天赋的孩子会感到厌烦从而对学习失去兴趣。‎ ‎ 11．A　考查名词词义辨析。这种担心更多来自于老师和家长而不是学生。‎ ‎ 12．B　考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的parents and teachers可知，一些老师和家长有了应该为那些有天赋的学生设立特殊班的想法。‎ ‎ 13．A　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文可知此处应为“有天赋的”学生。‎ ‎ 14．D　考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知选feel，意为“感觉”，feel so与前面的feel bored意义一致。‎ ‎ 15．C　考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.可知此处选C。‎ 说明文型完形填空 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨、句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。‎ ‎ 说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。二是事理(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。‎ ‎ 说明文完形填空的具体特点：(1)开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。‎ 真题典例 ‎ The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing __1__.‎ What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the outoftown previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering，—__2__ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had __3__several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber __4__ some of the music because the Phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.‎ When you revise, you change aspects of your work in __5__ to your evolving purpose, or to include __6__ ideas or newly discovered information.‎ Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment.__7__， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to __8__ topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However，don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows __9__.Always make time to become your own __10__and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you __11__ new ideas.‎ Revising involves __12__ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom ‎ you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose __13__ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the __14__ —that is, facts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many __15__ details that may confuse readers?‎ ‎(　　)1.A.technique　 B．style C．process D．career ‎(　　)2.A.in particular B．as a result C．for example D．in other words ‎(　　)3.A.undergone B．skipped C．rejected D．replaced ‎(　　)4.A.rewrote B．released C．recorded D．reserved ‎(　　)5.A.addition B．response C．opposition D．contrast ‎(　　)6.A.fixed B．ambitious C．familiar D．fresh ‎ (　　)7.A.However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore ‎(　　)8.A.discuss B．switch C．exhaust D．cover ‎(　　)9.A.drafting B．rearranging C．performing D．training ‎(　　)10.A.director B．master C．audience D．visitor ‎(　　)11.A.personal B．valuable C．basic D．delicate ‎(　　)12.A.mixing B．weakening C．maintaining D．assessing ‎(　　)13.A.amazing B．bright C．unique ‎ ‎ D．clear ‎(　　)14.A.angles B．evidence C．information D．hints ‎(　　)15.A.unnecessary B．uninteresting C．concrete D．Final ‎【答案】1-5 CDAAB 6-10 DCBAC 11-15 BDDCA ‎【解析】修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必需的步骤。文章讲述了作品修改的目的和途径。‎ ‎ 1．C　参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However，don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。technique意为“技术”；style意为“风格”；career意为“事业，生涯”，都不符合题意。‎ ‎ 2．D　前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，in other words意为“换句话说”，符合题意。in particular意为“尤其，特别”，表强调；as a result意为“因此”，表结果；for example意为“例如”，表举例说明；都不符题意。‎ ‎ 3．A　人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了(undergo)多次修改，与上文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。skip(跳远)、reject(拒绝，抵制)、replace(取代)都不符合题意。‎ ‎ 4．A　动词release(释放，赦免，发行)，record(记录，录音)，reserve(保留，预订)都不符合题意。动词rewrite表示“重写，修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇话题相关。‎ ‎ 5．B　介词短语in addition to表示“而且，除……之外还有”；in opposition to表示“与……的意见相反”；in contrast to表示“与……形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to(作为对……的反应)在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品的一种回应”。‎ ‎ 6．D　fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。‎ ‎ 7．C　副词moreover(而且)类似于but ‎ also，表递进含义；副词however然而，表转折关系；instead作为“替代，反而”，表相反含义；therefore因此，表原因。由语境可知选C。‎ ‎ 8．B　switch topics(变换标题)属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss(讨论)、exhaust(使筋疲力尽)、cover(覆盖，包含)都不符题意。‎ ‎ 9．A　rearranging(重新安排)、performing(表演)、training(培训)都与题意不符。由上文可知选drafting，意为“起草，草案”。‎ ‎ 10．C　名词audience(观众)与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director(导演)、master(主人，大师)、visitor(来访者)都与题意不符。‎ ‎ 11．B　形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal(个人的)、basic(基本的)、delicate(娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的)都与题意不符。‎ ‎ 12．D　句意表示“修改包括评价作品所有方面的有效性和适当性”。故选D。‎ ‎ 13．D　形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing(令人惊讶的)、bright(明亮的，聪明的)、unique(独特的)都与题意不符。‎ ‎ 14．C　facts，opinions，inferences都属于information，故选C。‎ ‎15．A　unnecessary details表示“不必要的信息”，句意表示不必要的信息反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninteresting(单调的，乏味的)、concrete(具体的)、final(最终的，决定性的)都与题意不符。‎ 课堂小结 教学建议说明：教师对本节课应掌握的知识作一个小结，将本堂课应掌握的内容做一个概要陈述。‎ ‎1．主要考查的词类 完形填空题突出考查考生对篇章的整体理解和对语境的理解， 而在文章中只有实词才能较好地突出词汇的语境化。‎ ‎2．试题的选文特点 ‎　　完形填空的首句是文章的窗口， 有助于考生了解和推测全文的大意， 所以短文首句均不设空， 每两题空格最大间隔一般不超过30个词， 最小不低于5个词。完形填空的全部答案都是通过理解上下文来确定的， 也可以说是要求考生从文章中找出直接或间接的答案。它一般不设纯语法题。逻辑推理、背景知识、生活常识、习惯用法和搭配是命题者经常考虑的命题点。‎ ‎3．考查的主要技能 ‎　　首先，考查考生结合文章上下文对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力。完形填空题型有相当一部分试题是考查考生能否根据文章的上下文来正确辨别所给选项， 选出最适合文章语境的词或词组。其次，考查考生灵活运用习惯用法和常用搭配的能力。另外，考查考生根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力。‎ 课后作业 教学建议说明：讲解完本章的知识点，布置课后作业，让学生巩固知识，建议也分三个层次，每个层次3-5题 ‎(一)‎ As she waited at the edge of the ice for her music to start, Peggy took a quick look at her father standing nearby with a group of parents and teachers. He smiled at her.‎ Then she__1__ out at the audience, hoping to see her mother. These two, Alvert and Doris Flemint, had __2__ all the way from California more than 2,000 miles away, to see their__3__ compete in this sport meet in Cleveland, Ohio. The music __4__ and Peggy moved onto the ice, letting the music __5__ her along into her turns, and she began skating with much ‎ __6__ in herself. The cold fear she always had in the __7__ seconds before skating onto the ice was __8__.She was feeling the movement of the__9__ and letting it carry her. She skated easily, then did some jumps, a final turn and her performance was __10__.‎ The crowd loved it and cheered as she skated off the ice.“Nice job，” said one of the other__11__ .It was the remark that always came after a free skating performance. But what should the judges say？Standing beside her father, Peggy __12__ for the scoring to be finished. On all sides were other young skaters, some waiting __13__alone, others with a parent. Shortly before 10 o’clock the results were __14__.The new United States Women’s Figure Skating Champion was Peggy Fleming of Pasadena, __15__ .‎ ‎(　　)1.A.looked　 B．watched　 C．found D．stepped ‎(　　)2.A.bicycled B．driven　 C．run D．walked ‎(　　)3.A.friend B．children　 C．son D．daughter ‎(　　)4.A.started B．played　 C．developed D．sang ‎(　　)5.A.allow B．set out　 C．carry D．support ‎(　　)6.A.thought B．belief　 C．success D．design ‎(　　)7.A.following B．last　 C．recent D．past ‎(　　)8.A.lost B．present　 C．strong D．gone ‎(　　)9.A.music B．fear　 C．ice D．audiences ‎(　　)10.A.satisfied B．unsatisfactory　　 C．finished D．welcome ‎(　　)11.A.skaters B．parents　 C．judges D．teachers ‎(　　)12.A.waited B．looked　 C．wished D．asked ‎(　　)13.A.comfortably B．hurriedly　 C．happily D．anxiously ‎(　　)14.A.cried out B．let out　 C．announced D．declared ‎(　　)15.A.England B．Cleveland C．Ohio 　 D．California ‎ 【答案】1-5 ABDAC 6-10 BBDAC 11-15 AADCD ‎ 【解析】 ‎ ‎ 1．A　从后面的状语…to see her mother可以得到启发。‎ ‎　　2．B　根据常识可以排除其他三个选项。 ‎ ‎　　3．D　Peggy是女孩，故为女儿。 ‎ ‎　　4．A　音乐响起。首句已呈现过该说法，另外play在此是及物动词，形式不对。 ‎ ‎　　5．C　由下文…and letting it carry her 可知。‎ ‎　　6．B　从其后面的状态来看，Peggy心中充满了自信。 ‎ ‎　　7．B　表示进入溜冰场之前的最后几秒钟。该空可以根据常识和行文逻辑选定。‎ ‎　　8．D　表示自然消失而不是人为丢失，应该用gone，而不用lost。‎ ‎　　9．A　见第一段第一句。‎ ‎ 10．C　根据上文内容确定。 ‎ ‎　　11．A　the other后总是接同类名词，故此处选skaters。‎ ‎　　12．A　这一空前的词再现了这一说法。‎ ‎　　13．D　等分数时的心情应是焦急的，故用anxiously。‎ ‎　　14．C　结果的宣布一般用announce。而战争、罪行等重大事件的宣布则多用declare。‎ ‎　　15．D　上文中提到了父母亲从加利福尼亚开车过来，所以Peggy可能来自加利福尼亚。‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎ This world seems to be full of talent. We cannot do all things well and cannot do most things at all.But we all have our _1_.‎ ‎ Talented as the great physicist was，Albert Einstein experienced feelings of inadequacy(不足)．In 1952 Einstein was __2__ the first presidency of the new nation of Israel. He turned it down with this statement：“I am __3__moved by the offer from our State of Israel to serve as President, and at once saddened and __4__ that I cannot accept it. All my life I have dealt with objective ‎ matters，hence(因此) I lack both the __5__ aptitude(天赋)and the ‎ experience to deal properly with people and to exercise __6__ functions. For these reasons alone I should be unsuited to __7__ the duties of that high office...”‎ This wise and insightful physicist also knew that he __8__the necessary political skill for such a demanding position. Is there really any __9__in knowing our limitations？We should __10__ on what we did well and the world will be better. We may or may not __11__ it，but we have the capacity to do some things well. In fact，very well. Few of us will ever be __12__，but we can still __13__ meaningfully to life. And when we know __14__ we can do and decide to do that __15__ thing，we just might discover we are happy.‎ ‎(　　)1.A.minds B．expressions C．principles D．gifts ‎(　　)2.A.equipped B．offered C．permitted D．settled ‎(　　)3.A.similarly B．especially C．deeply D．willingly ‎(　　)4.A.ashamed B．stressed C．accustomed D．delighted ‎(　　)5.A.worthy B．mental C．natural D．perfect ‎(　　)6.A.normal B．official C．daily D．common ‎(　　)7.A.apply B．arrange C．participate D．fulfill ‎(　　)8.A.absorbed B．deserted C．lacked D．guaranteed ‎(　　)9.A.trust B．luck C．possibility D．shame ‎(　　)10.A.rely B．focus C．look D．take ‎(　　)11.A.recognize B．believe C．master D．declare ‎(　　)12.A.human B．manager C．history D．Einstein ‎(　　)13.A.contribute B．connect C．adjust D．serve ‎(　　)14.A.how B．what C．why D．when ‎(　　)15.A.general B．creative C．particular D．astonishing ‎【答案】1-5 DBCAC 6-10 BDCDB 11-15 ADABC ‎【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个人应该认识到自己的长处和短处，然后充分发挥自己的长处，对世界作出自己最大的贡献，这就是爱因斯坦放弃当以色列总统而潜心于物理学研究的原因。‎ ‎ 1. D　根据前文提到的我们不能做好所有的事，而且有许多事情我们根本就做不了，再结合空格前表示转折意义的But可知，这里应该是指我们每个人都有自己的“天赋(gifts)”。‎ ‎ 2．B　此处构成offer sb.sth.搭配，再结合下一个空后的by the offer可知答案。‎ ‎ 3．C　尽管他拒绝担任以色列总统，但对此他仍然深受(deeply)感动。‎ ‎ 4．A　从and前的平行词saddened可知只有“惭愧的(ashamed)”符合语境。‎ ‎ 5．C　这里指缺少“与生俱来的(natural)”的资质(即天赋)，即不适合当总统。‎ ‎ 6．B　爱因斯坦认为自己缺乏天赋和经验来行使“官方的(official)”职能。‎ ‎ 7．D　指履行总统的职责。fulfill意为“完成，履行”。‎ ‎ 8．C　从前文提到的原因可知他“缺少(lack)”必要的政治上的才能。‎ ‎ 9．D　知道自己的不足真的会令我们感到“羞耻(shame)”吗？‎ ‎ 10．B　知道自己的不足，然后“把精力集中在(focus on)”自己能做好的事情上。‎ ‎ 11．A　指我们可能认识到也可能没有“认识到(recognize)”这个道理，即上一段最后两句提到的道理。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 12．D　根据上文可知应该是我们很少有人能成为爱因斯坦，但我们仍然能对生活作出有意义的贡献。‎ ‎ 13．A　从上题分析可知，此处contribute to意为“对……有贡献”。‎ ‎ 14．B　当我们知道自己能做什么……由于宾语从句we can do缺少宾语且空格处还引导宾语从句，故用what。‎ ‎ 15．C　显然我们应该找出自己的长处，做好自己能做的事情。that particular thing指我们发现自己能做的那件事。‎ ‎(三)‎ We convince ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then another. Then we get frustrated because our children are not old enough, and that __1__ will be well when they are older. Then we are frustrated __2__ they reach adolescence and we must deal with them. Surely we’ll be __3__ when they grow out of the teen years.‎ We tell ourselves our __4__ will be better when our spouse(配偶)gets his/her act together, when we have a nicer car, when we can take a __5__， when we finally retire. The truth is that there is no better time to be happy than __6__.If not, then when? Your life will always be full of challenges. It is better to admit as much and to decide to be happy __7__it all. For the longest time, it seemed that life was about to start—real life.‎ But there were always some obstacles along the way, an ordeal(苦难) to __8__， some work to be finished, some time to be given, a bill to be __9__.Then life would start. It finally dawned on me that those __10__ were part of life. Little by little, that point of __11__ also helped me see that there isn’t any road to happiness.‎ Happiness is the road. So, enjoy every moment. And bear in mind that __12__ waits for no one. So stop __13__ school to end, for a return to school, to lose ten pounds, to __14__ ten pounds, for work to begin, to get married，...before deciding to be happy.‎ Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no __15__ time to be happy than...NOW! Live and enjoy the moment.‎ ‎(　　)1.A.we B．they C．all D．nothing ‎ ‎(　　)2.A.because B．but C．so D．and ‎(　　)3.A.luckier B．happier C．older D．healthier ‎ ‎(　　)4.A.life B．study C．children D．condition ‎ ‎(　　)5.A.rest B．bath C．breath D．vacation ‎(　　)6.A.before B．ever C．just then D．right now ‎(　　)7.A.instead of B．in addition to C．in spite of D．up to ‎(　　)8.A.meet with B．go ahead C．turn to D．get through ‎(　　)9.A.paid B．got C．asked D．printed ‎ ‎(　　)10.A.achievements B．obstacles C．duties D．opinions ‎ ‎(　　)11.A.view B．life C．position D．condition ‎ ‎(　　)12.A.happiness B．time C．age D．road ‎(　　)13.A.asking for B．supposing C．waiting for D．hoping for ‎ ‎(　　)14.A.gain B．reduce C．weigh D．enjoy ‎(　　)15.A.worse B．better C．more D．Less ‎【答案】1-5 CABAD 6-10 DCDAB 11-15 ABCAB ‎【解析】本文论述了在享受幸福时不要期待将来，要把握现在。‎ ‎ 1．C　本句的意思是“当他们大了以后，一切会好起来。” 本题中A项干扰性最大。但根据句意可排除。‎ ‎ 2．A　前后为因果关系，因此选because。‎ ‎ 3．B　联系空后的when they grow out of the teen years我们知道，有时我们认为“孩子长大了我们就会更幸福”。‎ ‎ 4．A　联系第一段第一句我们可以得此答案。本题中D项干扰性最大，全文讲述的是生活中的幸福，因此可排除。‎ ‎ 5．D　联系前文的a nicer car 及空后的retire我们知道，人们常盼望有一个假期。‎ ‎ 6．D　现在就是幸福的时刻。本题中A、B均有一定干扰性。联系全文我们知道，作者认为要想幸福，就要把握现在。‎ ‎ 7．C　尽管有这一切，但是要决定享受幸福。本题中A项干扰性最大。instead of 意为“代替”，可排除。 ‎ ‎ 8．D　我们要经历苦难，因此选D项。‎ ‎ 9．A　联系空前的a bill可得出此答案。‎ ‎ 10．B　联系前文But there were always some obstacles...我们可以得此答案。‎ ‎ 11．A　point of view为固定搭配，意思是“观点”。‎ ‎ 12．B　联系后文so stop … school to end …可知，作者认为时间不等人。‎ ‎ 13．C　联系空后的to end我们可得此答案。本题中D项有较大干扰性。联系前句 … waits for no one我们可排除。‎ ‎ 14．A　联系空前的to lose ten pounds可以得此答案。本题中B项有较大干扰性。to reduce与前文的to lose 重复，因此可排除。‎ ‎ 15．B　联系后文Live and enjoy the moment.我们知道，没有哪个时间比现在更能让你享受幸福。‎ ‎ (四)‎ People do not analyse every problem they meet. They often accept the ‎ opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without __1__；they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods __2__， the person with a problem has to start analysing. There are six __3__ in analysing a problem.‎ ‎ First, the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken. Sam must __4__ that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the person must __5__ the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. He must __6__ the parts that are wrong.‎ Now the person must look for __7__ that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. Suppose Sam __8__ that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.__9__， he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes or talk to his friends at the bike shop.‎ ‎ After __10__ the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution, which might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.‎ In the end, one __11__ seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes quite __12__ because the thinker suddenly sees something in a __13__ way. Sam suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must __14__ the brake. Finally the solution is __15__. Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.‎ ‎(　　)1.A.practice B．thinking C．understanding D．help ‎(　　)2.A.fail B．work C．change D．develop ‎(　　)3.A.ways B．conditions C．stages ‎ ‎ D．orders ‎(　　)4.A.explain B．prove C．show D．see ‎(　　)5.A.judge B．find C．describe D．face ‎(　　)6.A.check B．determine C．correct D．recover ‎(　　)7.A.answers B．skills C．explanation D．information ‎(　　)8.A.hopes B．argues C．decides D．suggests ‎(　　)9.A.In other words B．Once in a while C．First of all D．At this time ‎(　　)10.A.discussing B．settling down C．comparing with D．studying ‎ (　　)11.A.suggestion B．conclusion C．decision D．discovery ‎(　　)12.A.unexpectedly B．late C．clearly D．often ‎(　　)13.A.simple B．different C．quick D．sudden ‎(　　)14.A.clean B．separate C．loosen D．remove ‎(　　)15.A.recorded B．completed C．tested D．Accepted ‎【答案】1-5 BACDB 6-10 BDCDD 11-15 AABAC ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例说明了解决问题的六大步骤。文章浅显易懂，逻辑性强。‎ ‎1．B　without thinking意为“不假思索”。 ‎ ‎2．A　从上下句的关系看，它们是转折关系。当这些方法都失败后人们就会开始分析。 ‎ ‎3．C　此处stage的意思是“步骤”。分析问题有六个步骤。‎ ‎ 4．D　此处see在这句话中意为“明白”。当Sam的自行车不能正常使用时，他应该明白自行车出了毛病。‎ ‎5．B　要解决问题，当然要找到问题所在。 ‎ ‎6．B　determine意为“测定，找出”，与find out意思相同。‎ ‎ 7．D　根据下文Sam所做的事情可知，要了解问题的相关信息才能修理，所以选information。 ‎ ‎ 8．C　结合逻辑在修自行车之前，要先“确定”是自行车的哪个部件出了问题。‎ ‎ 9．D　当Sam的自行车闸出了问题之后，这时他就可以进一步采取措施了。at this time意为“这时”；in other words意为“换句话说”； once in a while意为“偶尔”；first of all意为“首先”。由句意及上下文可知选D。‎ ‎10．D　研究了问题后(人们)就可能提出一些解决建议。此处study不仅有“学习”的意思，还有“研究”的意思。‎ ‎11．A　其中一个建议会解决问题。根据上文可知选A。‎ ‎12．A　由下文suddenly可知。‎ ‎13．B　因为想解决问题的人突然发现了一些东西，直接就找到了症结所在，而这种方法与上文所述是不同的。 ‎ ‎14．A　去掉口香糖的方法是清理车闸。‎ ‎ 15．C　只有经过检验，才能证明解决问题的方法的正确性