2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module4GreatScientists同步练习外研版必修4 19页

Module 4 Great Scientists 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ nickname n．　　　　　　　 species n. ‎ original adj. bestseller n.‎ diagnose vt. victim n.‎ brilliant adj. career n.‎ brief adj. partly adv.‎ physical adj. relativity n.‎ rocket n. arrow n.‎ straight adj. ‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．leading adj.　　　　　　　 主要的 ‎2．figure n. 人物 ‎3．publish vt. 出版 ‎4．breakthrough n. 突破 ‎5．support vt. 支持 ‎6．replace vt. 取代；以……代替 ‎7．escape vi. 逃跑；逃避 ‎8．clear vi. (烟雾)消散 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教师 ‎2．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 ‎3．produce v．生产→production n．产量→producer n．生产者 ‎4．export vt.出口→import vt.进口(反义词)‎ ‎5．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业 ‎6．personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就自己而言→personality n．性格；个性；人格 ‎7．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸声 ‎1.s结尾的单复数同形名词 19‎ ‎①works　　　　　 工厂 ‎②series　　　 系列 ‎③means　　 方法 ‎④crossroads 十字路口 ‎⑤remains 剩余物 ‎⑥species (生物)物种 ‎2.合成名词“v.＋adv.”大观园 ‎①breakthrough　　 突破 ‎②breakdown 故障；破损 ‎③breakup 破裂；瓦解 ‎④takeaway 外卖食物 ‎⑤warmup 热身运动 ‎ ‎⑥gettogether 聚会 ‎3.“经济生活”常用到 ‎①export　　　 出口 ‎②import　　 进口 ‎③invest 投资 ‎④bid 出价；投标 ‎⑤distribute 分配；分布 ‎⑥discount 打折 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．bring__up　　　　　　　　　 培养；养育 ‎2．the__key__to__(doing)__sth. (做)某事的关键 ‎3.__as__a__result__of 由于……的结果 ‎4．be__known__for 因……而出名/闻名 ‎5．earn__one’s__living 谋生 ‎6．come__to__power 掌权 ‎7．bring__in 引进；带来 ‎8．carry__out 实施；履行；完成(任务)‎ ‎1.由the key to想到的 ‎①the approach to　 ……的方法 ‎②the access to ……的通道 19‎ ‎③the answer to ……的答案 ‎④the notes to ……的注释 ‎⑤the entrance to ……的入口 ‎2.carry相关短语多棱镜 ‎①carry out　　 实施；履行；完成(任务)‎ ‎②carry on 继续；维持 ‎③carry through 贯彻到底；成功完成 ‎④carry away 拿走；运走 ‎⑤carry back 带回；使回想起 ‎3.“be known＋prep.”短语小结 ‎①be known for　 因……而出名/闻名 ‎②be known as 作为……而出名 ‎③be known to 为……熟知 ‎④be known by 被……所知 ‎ (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep__the__rocket__moving in a straight direction. ‎ 这些管子被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。‎ 句型2：现在分词短语作结果状语 Or was he carried miles into space, becoming__the__world’s__first__astronaut？‎ 或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世界上第一个宇航员？‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．Surgeons have made a great breakthrough(突破) in the kidney transplant.‎ ‎2．To improve the quality(质量) of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. ‎ ‎3．Most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all their things behind.‎ ‎4．We have to deal with the emotional and physical(身体的) problems that go along with obesity.‎ ‎5．Tell the story briefly(简短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy 19‎ ‎ it.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．His first novel published(publish) last year is popular with many young readers.‎ ‎7．Just then a whitehaired old woman entered, supported(support) by a girl of ten years old.‎ ‎8．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last.‎ ‎9．Confucius was one of the great figures(figure) in the history of China.‎ ‎10．The house I grew up in has been taken down and__replaced(replace) by an office building.‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·江苏卷) The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.支撑 ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.解脱；消遣 Ⅲ.选词成篇 bring up; experiment with; bring in; as a result of; earn one’s living Wang Gang was born and 1.brought__up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earned__their__living by farming. 3.As__a__result__of lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life. After new farming technique was 4.brought__in,__their life was getting better and better.‎ the key to; carry out; be known for; be diagnosed with; come to/into power Mrs.Green 5.was__diagnosed__with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who 6.was__known__for treating cancers. The doctor 7.carried__out a series of treatments on her, and told her that 8.the__key__to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind. Following the doctor’s advice, she gradually picked up.‎ Ⅳ.完成语段 It is reported that the newlybuilt bridge will be put into use soon. Hopefully, it can 1.keep__the__traffic__flowing__smoothly(保持交通畅通). Many people become interested in the bridge, 2.making__it__a__hot__topic(使它成为一个热点话题)．‎ 19‎ ‎ support　vt.支持；支撑；维持；供养　n．[U]支持；拥护；供养 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. ‎ ‎②a.What moves me is that my parents always support me in what I want to do.‎ b．Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③科学家必须提出论据以支持其理论。‎ A scientist must produce evidence in__support__of his theory.‎ ‎④在朋友的支持下，他找到了一份新工作。这份工作使他能够挣更多的钱来养活他的家人。‎ With__his__friend’s__support,__he found a new job, one where he could get more money to support__his__family．‎ ‎ ‎(1)support sb.in sth.　　　 在某方面支持某人 ‎(2)come to one’s support 来支持某人 in support of... 支持……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support. ‎ 汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。(2019·天津卷)‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ support a family　　　 养家糊口 support oneself 自力更生 technical support 技术支持 ‎ quantity　n．量；数量 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are__being__washed(wash) away now.‎ b．With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is__being__washed(wash) away now.‎ ‎②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, ‎ 19‎ I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.‎ ‎(高级表达)Before the exam, I spent a__large__quantity__of/a__great__deal__of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.‎ a large/small quantity of　　　 大量/少量的 large quantities of 大量的；许多的 in quantity 大量地　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.　专家说，表扬的质量比数量更重要。(2019·浙江卷6月)‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ ‎(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。‎ ‎(2)“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ escape　v．逃跑；逃脱；逃避；被忘记　n．逃跑；解脱，消遣 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being__punished(punish)．‎ ‎②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’t dare to try it again. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire(成功逃出火场) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.‎ ‎④(高级表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容词作状语)‎ ‎ ‎(1)escape (doing) sth.　　 逃脱(做)某事 escape from/out of... 从……逃跑，逃走 ‎(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.‎ 非常幸运，他设法从快速上涨的洪水中逃脱。‎ ‎[词块助记] ‎ escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视 19‎ a fire escape 安全门 ‎ clear　vt.使清楚；扫清　vi.变清澈；(天)变晴；(烟雾)消散　adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. ‎ ‎②a.(江苏卷)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. ‎ b．He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③显然，手机在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。‎ It__is__clear__that__mobile__phones__have__become__popular__among__teenagers__and__changed__their__way__of__life.‎ ‎ ‎(1) clear up　　　　 整理，收拾；消除(误会等)；(天)放晴 ‎(2)make...clear 清楚表明，讲清楚 It is clear that... 显然……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] When you finish your dinner, please clear the table.　吃完晚饭后，请你将餐桌收拾一下。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ keep a clear head/mind　　　 保持清醒的头脑 have a clear purpose/goal 有明确的目标 clear up a difficulty/misunderstanding ‎ 解决困难/消除误会 ‎ come to/into power　开始执政，掌权，上台 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve people’s life.‎ b．The government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.‎ c．Not that I don’t want to help you, but that it’s beyond my power to do so.‎ ‎②(2019·江苏卷) We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems ‎ 19‎ obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级/句式升级 ‎(普通表达)I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2018·浙江卷6月)‎ ‎③(高级表达) I’ll do__all/everything__in__my__power to perform well in the volunteer job. ‎ ‎④(高级表达) I’ll do__what__I__can to perform well in the volunteer job. (what引导宾语从句)‎ ‎ ‎(1)in power　　　　　　　 当权 in/within one’s power 有能力；力所能及 beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的 do everything in one’s power (to do)‎ ‎ 尽力而为；竭尽全力 ‎(2)powerful adj. 强大的；权力大的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years so far. ‎ 他25岁时开始上台执政，到现在已经执政60年了。‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ ‎“come into＋名词”构成的短语还有：‎ ‎①come into being　　　　　　　 形成，产生 ‎②come into existence 开始存在，产生 ‎③come into effect/force 生效 ‎④come into use 开始使用 ‎⑤come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎(教材原句)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.‎ 这些管子被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)．‎ b．It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed(inform) of the 19‎ ‎ current affairs.‎ ‎②a.(广东卷)In other words, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of natural resources.‎ b．He kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(北京卷)为了更方便联系我们，你最好把这张名片放在手边。‎ To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep__this__card__at__hand．‎ ‎ “keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，这里keep为使役动词，意为“使……继续处于某种状态”。‎ ‎(1)keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词 ‎(2)keep＋宾语＋现在分词 ‎ ‎(3)keep＋宾语＋过去分词 　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] New technology has been brought in since newelected mayor came into power and carried out the new policy, keeping the city developing rapidly. ‎ 自从新当选的市长上台执政并实行新政策以来，新技术得以引进， 使得该市迅速发展。 ‎ ‎[名师点津] 在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，现在分词与宾语之间为主谓关系，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．(江苏卷)It is everybody’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track.‎ ‎2．Large quantities of money have__been__spent(spend) in bringing up the three children since they were born.‎ ‎3．The boy managed to escape from the burning house, but he couldn’t escape being__punished/punishment(punish) because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.‎ ‎4．Though earning(earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.‎ ‎5．After the earthquake, the electricity supply failed, making(make) the cooling system break down.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 19‎ ‎1．His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.‎ ‎2．Hangzhou, known for the West Lake, attracts many visitors every year.‎ ‎3．The museum has been completed，but the government hasn’t made it clear when it will be open to the public.‎ ‎4．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?‎ ‎—The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers.‎ ‎5. The artists had little faith in the political leader who came to power after the war.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．This factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)‎ ‎2．The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China. (educate)‎ ‎3．After graduation,__he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good job in Beijing.(graduate)‎ ‎4．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)‎ 维度四　易错混用 ‎1．政府应该采取有效措施来保持交通的平稳运行。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ The government should take effective measures to keep__the__traffic__running smoothly.‎ ‎2．More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.‎ ‎→More highways have been built in China, making__it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.‎ ‎3．The new mayor is said to come into power next month.‎ ‎→It__is__said__that the new mayor will come into power next month.‎ ‎4．大量的水被污染了，因此湖泊闻起来很难闻。‎ ‎①Large__quantities__of__water__have__been__polluted,__so the lake smells terrible. (quantities)‎ ‎②A__large__quantity__of__water__has__been__polluted,__so the lake smells terrible. (quantity)‎ 19‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Yuan Longping It is clear that in the past, many people couldn’t escape 1.suffering(suffer) from hunger. A lot of them even 2.earned(earn) their living by begging. So Yuan Longping dreamed of developing a new species 3.to__increase (increase) rice production to feed more people. After 4.graduating(graduate) from university, he devoted 5.himself(he) to the research. As 6.a result of his years’ efforts, he made a great breakthrough 7.anddeveloped hybrid rice. Many other countries brought in large 8.quantities(quantity) of hybrid rice. Yuan Longping took up his post in Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center in 2017 and kept sea rice research project 9.making(make) great progress. 10.In brief, Yuan Longping lives up to the “Father of Hybrid Rice”， and thus has been awarded the Life Science Prize.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假定你是李华，应你校校报英文版编辑邀请写一篇介绍亚历山大·弗莱明的短文。写作要点如下：①简要介绍人物；②介绍人物的贡献；③对人物进行评价。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。‎ Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and was__brought__up by his mother and his elder brother. ‎ ‎②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院接受教育。‎ Supported__by__them,__he got__educated in a medical school in London. ‎ ‎③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。‎ In 1906, he graduated__from the school as a top student. ‎ ‎④他对医学做出了巨大的贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。‎ He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned__him__a__lasting__reputation．‎ ‎⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并获得诺贝尔奖。‎ He was__known__for__that__achievement,__and for it he received a Nobel Prize.‎ ‎⑥很显然，弗莱明是历史上才华横溢的科学家之一。‎ It__is__clear__that Fleming is one__of__the__brilliant__scientists in history. ‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用过去分词作状语升级句①‎ 19‎ Born__in__Scotland,__Alexander__Fleming__was__brought__up__by__his__mother__and__his__elder__brother.‎ ‎⑧用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句升级句⑤‎ He__was__known__for__that__achievement,__for__which__he__received__a__Nobel__Prize.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Born in Scotland, Alexander Fleming was brought up by his mother and his elder brother. Supported by them, he got educated in a medical school in London. In 1906, he graduated from the school as a top student. He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation. He was known for that achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize.‎ It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. ‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·沈阳高三质检)‎ Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.‎ Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.‎ I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs,‎ 19‎ ‎ the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.‎ I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.‎ But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。‎ ‎1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?‎ A．Wildlife. B．Music.‎ C．Languages. D．Literature.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。‎ ‎2．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?‎ A．He didn’t live with them for long.‎ B．The family was extremely large.‎ C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.‎ D．He was too young when he lived with them.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。‎ ‎3．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?‎ A．Being knowledgeable.‎ B．Being selfdiscipline.‎ 19‎ C．Being full of ambition.‎ D．Being full of enthusiasm.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。‎ ‎4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?‎ A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.‎ B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.‎ C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.‎ D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选A。‎ B ‎(2020·合肥第二次质检)‎ In today’s society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary, and also the nonverbal(非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.‎ Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men. This is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteenminute average it took men to describe it.‎ Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking ‎ 19‎ to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people’s body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.‎ Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, “I wonder if there’s something there？” would no longer exist.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The differences between men’s and women’s languages.‎ B．The different speed of men’s and women’s speech.‎ C．The ability of men’s and women’s spoken language.‎ D．The nonverbal vocabulary of men and women.‎ B　解析：代词指代题。由This承接第二段中的“It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men.”可知，此处的This指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选B。‎ ‎6．In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph?‎ A．Speed of understanding.‎ B．Understanding of speech roles.‎ C．Politeness of communication.‎ D．Application of body language.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句“Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women.”可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使用上的差异，故选D。‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the differences between men’s and women’s communication?‎ A．Cautious. B．Favorable.‎ C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.‎ 19‎ B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句和第三句“After learning about our styles of communicating with each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same ‘language’？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost.”可推知，作者对男性和女性在沟通的差异性上持赞成态度，故选B。cautious“谨慎的”；favorable“赞成的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Women, Born Excellent Talkers B．Men’s and Women’s Social Roles C．Vocabulary and Communication D．Opposite Gender, Different Language D　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同，故选D。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·武汉调研)One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1.________， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.‎ ‎2．________. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you’re saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.‎ Openness or honesty. 3.________， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it.‎ Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4.________， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.‎ Feeling defensive. Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5.________！‎ 19‎ A．Saying something important B．When people want to be open or honest C．Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional D．But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold E．Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxiety F．This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionals G．When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言的各种含义，如说明你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实的心态；表示紧张和防御心理等。‎ ‎1．C　解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you’re saying is important” “stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．B　解析：根据空前的“Openness or honesty.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知， B项正确。‎ ‎4．E　解析：根据该段主题句“Nervousness.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故E项正确。‎ ‎5．D　解析：根据该段第二句“Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前仅仅说明你很寒冷，故D项正确。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·昆明质检)Hotel guests in China might no 1.____________(long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in. At the Alibaba’s futuristic(未来派的) hotels, guests can scan their IDs, take a photo and input personal details using a machine to check 2.____________(they) in. The smart equipment will then provide a room key card after the information 3.____________(check). The process will take less than a minute, according to the company. Targeting only Chinese customers for now, the new service will be 4.____________(gradual) expanded globally. The rapid ‎ 19‎ growth of mobile usage and mobile payment adoption can show 5.____________ convenient people’s life is becoming in China.‎ Alibaba isn’t the only company 6.____________ introduces hightech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhenbased company which focused 7.____________developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, Sichuan, back in January. 8.____________(travel) can book a room through Smart LYZ’s WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the door with a 9.__________(give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests, 10.____________(create) the way for a new level of modernization and consumers’ satisfaction.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了智能宾馆的相关内容。‎ ‎1．longer　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在中国，宾馆住客再也不用担心排队登记入住了。no longer是固定搭配，意为“不再”，故填longer。‎ ‎2．themselves　解析：考查代词。此处表示完成他们自己的登记入住。故应用they的反身代词themselves，作check的宾语。‎ ‎3．is checked　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示在信息被核实之后。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，又根据语境并分析句子结构可知，主语the information与check之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填is checked。‎ ‎4．gradually　解析：考查词形转换。此处应用副词修饰其后的“expanded”。‎ ‎5．how　解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示在中国，人们的生活正在变得多么便利。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，又根据语境可知，此处表示程度，故用连接副词how“多么”。‎ ‎6．that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词the only company，在句中作主语，又根据先行词前面有the only修饰，故填that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎7．on/upon　解析：考查介词。此处表示专注于研发AI技术和智能宾馆。focus on/upon是固定搭配，意为“集中”，故填on/upon。‎ ‎8．Travel(l)ers　解析：考查名词。此处表示通过Smart LYZ的微信网页，旅客们就能预订房间。根据语境可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎9．given　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的a和空后的名词passcode可知，此处应用形容词given“给定的”。‎ ‎10．creating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语The AI Smart Room与create之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用create的现在分词形式creating。‎ 19‎ 19‎