2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(一) 4页

2013 届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（一） 1： can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事 She couldn't hep smiling. 相关归纳： (1) can't help but do 不得不……；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet. (2) cannot but 不能不，只能 He could not but feel disappointed. (3)help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. By helping them we are helping save ourselves. (4) help...with sth. 帮助……做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening. (5) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables? (6)help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money. 2：take one's place (1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位 Take your places, please. We are about to start. (2) take one's place = take the place of sb. 代替(职务或工作等)；接替 Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England. 相关归纳： (1) in place of 代替；……而不用 The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee. （2）take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；等于 take one's place More men entered and took their seats. take place 发生；举行 Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation. Their wedding will take place next Friday. in place 在原处；适合的，恰当的 He likes everything in place before he starts work. His behavior at the meeting is in place. (5)out of place 不在原处；不适合的，不恰当的 3：1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他没能上电影学院 是因为他的分数太低了。 该句中的 why 引导一个定语从句，而 that 引导表语从句。 句中 that 引导的表语从句说明主语 reason 的具体内容 注意以下三种结构： The reason is / was that clause. 当主语是 reason / cause 时，一般不能用 because 或 why 引导表 语从句，以免造成语意重复。 The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 ②当主语是 This / That 时，可以由 because / why 引导表语从句。 He got up late . That was why he was late for class. He was late for class. That was because He got up late. (2)why 在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语， 此时 why = for which，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词 that 或 which。 The reason why/for which(也可以省去) he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 The reason that/which/(也可以省去) he gave you was reasonable. 他给你的理由是合理的。 强化练习 1. -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -- Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 变式 1. Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 变式 2. The reason ____he failed to pass the exam was ____ he never studied hard. A. why what B. because that C. why that D. why because 变式 3. Is this the reason _____ he was punished? Which of the following is wrong? A. why B. for which C. 不填 D. that 解析：1.句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为 why。答案：A 变式 1. what，how 不能引导定语从句，排除 B、C 两项；the reason 在定语从句中作 explained 的宾语，可填 that / which，或者也可以省略。答案：A 变式 2. 该题考查 The reason why 从句 be that 从句。答案：C 变式 3. the reason 后接定语从句，并且定语从句主谓宾完整时。可用三种结构引导定 语从句：the reason + why/for which/ 不填。该题就符合这样的结构所以答案为 D 2. He left the place, ____ never to return. A. determined B. to determine C. being determined D. having determined 变式 1.—— sand , the basket is heavy to carry. A. Being filled with B. Being full of C. Filling with D. Full of 解析：1.该句意思是“他离开了这个地方，决心以后再也不回来了” 。用 determined（adj.） 表示离开时候的状态。英语中常用形容词表示状态。选项中的 D 是表示动作的所以答案为 A. 变式 1. 该题是考查原因状语的。Being+ adj. 可以用来表示原因。但是如果一个形容词 是由动词的分词转变而来的，在表示原因时一定不能加 being。所以该题的正确答案可以是 Being full of 或 Filled with . 3. Many people watched the ___ TV broadcast of football matches. A. live B. alive C. living D .lively 变式 1. They caught the thief _____ when he tried to run away. A. live B. alive C. living D .lively 变式 2. The football match will be broadcast _____ on Friday. A. live B. alive C. living D .lively 变式 3.Who is the greatest writer in the world____? A. live B. alive C. living D .lively 解析：3..该题考查 live；alive；living；lively 的区别。live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以 用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是 live 的形容词词性。答案：A 变式 1. alive 作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive? 作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people. 作补语：Let's keep the fish alive。所 以答案为 B 变式 2. . live 做现场直播这一意思时不仅可以用作形容词也可以用作副词。该题考查的是 live 的副词词性。答案：A 变式 3. 见变式 2。答案：B 4. He has ______ mad because of his son’s sudden death. A. become B. got C. gone D. turned 变式 1. He ____ teacher right after he graduated in 1998. A. become B. got C. gone D. turned 变式 2. The man on the stage has ____ 40 . A. become B. got C. gone D. turned 解析：1. 考查 go +adj. 用法，侧重表示变成不好的状态。答案：B 变式 1. 四个选项中能接名名词做表语，并且名词前不能带冠词的只有 turn.答案：D 变式 2. 固定表示方法，说某个人跨入多少岁要用“turn”答案：D 5. This is the factory ____ he worked three years. A. where B. which C. when D. that 变式 1. This is the factory ____ he will visit next week. A. where B. as C. when D. that 变式 2.There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 变式 3.I want to find a room ______ to store my books. A. where B. which C. in which D. for which 变式 4. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. in which 解析：5. 关系副词 where 引导定语从句，修饰 the factory，并在定语从句中作地点状语。答 案：A 变式 1. 由于定语从句缺宾语所以应该填关系代词，that 引导了定语从句又在从句中做了宾 语。答案：D 变式 2. 关系副词 where 引导定语从句，修饰 trousers，并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意 思为：在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。答案：A 变式 3. 该题考查的是“prep. + which+ 不定式”放在名词后作定语的结构，由于该结构不 是定语从句所以 prep. + which 不可以替换为 where。答案：C 变式 4.介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句是定语从句中的重点、难点。选择该结构中的介 词的原则是：（1）根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配习惯;（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯;（3）表 “所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用 of。本题表示“在剧中表演”，应用介词 in，故 选 D。 6. Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 变式 1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 解析：6. unless 为连词，后面省略了 you are，所以选 invited。答案：A 变式 1. take 和 drug 是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是 when it is taken 的省略。 答案：B 自测试题 1．There are so many kinds of goods in the store ______ that I don’t know what to buy A. to choose B. to be chosen from C. choosing D. choosing from 2. . –Will you go to the museum tomorrow? -I will if I _________ no visitors. A. have B. will have C. shall have D. am having 3. I _________ a single word in the past three days. A. haven’t been reading B. haven’t read C. hadn’t read D. didn’t read 4. We found English difficult ________. A. to be learned B. to learn C. to learn from D. learned 5. I didn’t mind ________ home but my brother preferred _______ a taxi. A. walking; getting B. to walk; get C. walking; to get D. to walk; getting 解析： 1. 根据句意表述的是选择什么货物并且是主动表被动，所以选 to choose。答案：B 2. if I…no visitors 为表示条件的状语从句。英语中，条件状语从句表示将来情况时，一般不 用将来时，而用一般现在时，故可排除 B、C 两个答案；have 表示“有”，不可用于进行时 态，故只有 A 正确。答案：A 3. “in the past+时间段”常表示现在之前的一段时间，指现在之前的情况，故常与现在完成 时连用。答案：B 4. 形容词 difficult，hard，easy 等后面的动词不定式常用主动式。答案：B 5. mind 表示“介意；反对”，后面常接动名词作宾语，故可排除 B、D 两个答案。prefer 后 面可接动名词或动词不定式，一般来说，指习惯性或经常性的情况，常接动名词；指一次性 的情况或某次具体的动作，常接动词不定式结构。答案：A.