2018-2019学年江苏省如皋中学高二上学期第二次月考英语试题 Word版 20页

江苏省如皋中学2018-2019学年度高二第一学期第二次月考高二英语 第I卷 (选择题，共85分)‎ 第一部分：听力理解 (共两节，满分 10分)‎ 第一节 (共5小题；每小题0.5分，满分2.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. What’s wrong with the man?‎ ‎ A. He has bad eyesight. B. He has a headache. C. He feels dizzy.‎ ‎2. Where are the speakers?‎ ‎ A. At a cinema. B. At the railway station. C. At the airport.‎ ‎3. How does the woman feel? ‎ ‎ A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Worried.‎ ‎4. How much gasoline did the two speakers use last month?‎ ‎ A. 52 liters. B. 13 liters. C. 26 liters. ‎ ‎5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?  ‎ ‎ A. A supermarket.  B. A new store.      C. A piece of furniture.  ‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题0.5分；满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. Why does the man make the call?‎ ‎ A. Because the hotel is noisy. ‎ ‎ B. Because the room is small. ‎ ‎ C. Because the TV isn’t working.‎ ‎7. How does the man feel at last?‎ ‎ A. Satisfied. B. Puzzled. C. Annoyed.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8.  What do the speakers decide to do?  ‎ ‎ A. Play bowling.       B. Play tennis.    C. Go dancing.  ‎ ‎9.  When will the man leave?  ‎ ‎ A. At 7:00.         B. At 7:30.       C. At 8:00. ‎ ‎10.  What does the man think of driving a car?  ‎ ‎ A. Time-saving.      B. Troublesome.   C. Comfortable.  ‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. What is the woman doing? ‎ ‎ A. Joking about the man’s fun experiences. ‎ ‎ B. Talking the man into trying something fun.‎ ‎ C. Giving the man advice on avoiding danger. ‎ ‎12. What does the woman prefer to do this weekend?‎ ‎ A. Go to the library. B. Go mountain biking. C. Stay at home.‎ ‎13. What happened to the man on his last fishing trip?‎ ‎ A. He broke his arm. B. He got sunburnt. C. He didn’t catch any fish.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14. Which word may best describe the woman?‎ ‎ A. Encouraging. B. Dishonest. C. Interesting. ‎ ‎15. What does the man worry about?‎ ‎ A. How to speak to a woman bravely. ‎ ‎ B. How to develop a real interest.‎ ‎ C. How to balance his study and work.‎ ‎16. Why does the man want to go back to school?‎ ‎ A. He has too loose a schedule. ‎ ‎ B. He loves the feeling with students.‎ ‎ C. He wants to decide his future development.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. What’s the purpose of providing the school students with yoga exercises?‎ ‎ A. To enable students to reject violence.‎ ‎ B. To help students face struggles more properly.‎ ‎ C. To eliminate(消除) poverty more effectively.‎ ‎18. What can students learn in the Mindful Moment Room?‎ ‎ A. How to calm down by talking to teachers.‎ ‎ B. How to clear their mind at night.‎ ‎ C. How to respond to situations better.‎ ‎19. What change have yoga exercises brought to school?‎ ‎ A. More students dropped out of school last year.‎ ‎ B. There is less bad behavior on campus.‎ ‎ C. More students are willing to be sent to the office.‎ ‎20. What does the speaker think of yoga?‎ ‎ A. Its effect on students remains to be seen.‎ ‎ B. Everyone can benefit from it.‎ ‎ C. There is enough evidence for its importance.‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 单项选择 (共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分)‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎21. Although Singles’ Day represents a unique time for bargain hunters, it can turn into a disappointing experience without _________ preparation.‎ A. initial B. adequate C. automatic D. familiar ‎22. Most westerners dislike ____ when they are asked how old they are or how much they make.‎ A. this B. it C. that D. one ‎23. Students are forbidden, unless accustomed _____, _____ their dormitory after 11 p.m.‎ ‎ A. to make noises, in entering B. to not make noises ‎ C. to making noises, entering D. to not making noises, to enter ‎24. I should very much like to have gone to Susan’s birthday party, but _____‎ ‎ A. I have to give a lecture B. I had to give a lecture ‎ C. I have had to give a lecture D. I had had to give a lecture ‎ ‎25. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem ________it’s really an engineering one. ‎ A. because B. when C. until D. where ‎26. He is a very good actor, _________ a lot of comedians are not, and he is a good director and a good writer as well. ‎ ‎ A. who B. where C. which D. whom ‎27. Our school doesn’t ________ students’ staying in the classroom too long. We think they should have time for sports.‎ A. advocate B. admit C. assess D. approach ‎28. The medicine takes effect in the __________ stage of treatment, but the effect declines when it is taken for several months. ‎ ‎ A. potential B. instant C. original D. initial ‎29. ---- How was the journey?‎ ‎ ---- Tiring! All the seats in the train _____, I stood all the way.‎ ‎ A. were occupied B. would be occupied C. would occupy D. occupied ‎30. _______ the old houses, the Browns built a beautiful garden in that area.‎ A. Having pulled down B. Pulled down C. Pulling down D. To pull down ‎31. It’s a sad fact in life: lies are lies, and sometimes the truth ______ lie as well.‎ A. should B. must C. shall D. can ‎32. ---- You should have met Professor David in the lecture hall by the time you got there, _____ you?‎ ‎ ---- No. It was in the hotel _____ he stayed.‎ ‎ A. didn’t, where B. hadn’t, where C. shouldn’t, that D. haven’t, that ‎33. The year-end season is the best time not just to reflect on your personal achievements but also to _________ the lessons you missed.‎ A. catch up on B. push ahead with C. cut back on D. live up to ‎34. On top of the shelf _____ some newly-published science books, among _____ readers are teenagers from Nanjing.‎ ‎ A. lying, which B. lay, the C. lie, whose D. laid, their ‎35. As a champion team in the last World Cup, Germany’s football team was loaded with too much expectation from their fans in the group game _________ it lost the chance to go forward in this year’s game.‎ ‎ A. that B. as C. when D. where ‎36. Don’t __________ when someone was in an awkward situation, or he will probably fly off the handle.‎ ‎ A. pull his leg B. be a wet blanket C. be all ears D. be a top dog ‎37. It was mainly because William _________ a game on his phone that he didn’t notice the deep hole in the sidewalk until it was too late.‎ A. played B. was playing C. had played D. would play ‎38. It seems strange that the old man _____ have returned to college to finish the degree he left undone four decades ago.‎ ‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎39. --- I can’t think why he_ so angry.1 meant no offence.‎ ‎---It’s typical of him to be sensitive.‎ A. should have been B. must have been C. might have been D. can have been ‎40. When the famous pianist turns thirty, he ______ the piano for more than twenty ‎ years. ‎ ‎ A. plays B. will play C. has been playing D. will have been playing ‎41. When entering the office, _____.‎ ‎ A. Winifred was found sitting at a desk B. Winifred was found sat at a desk ‎ C. we found Winifred seated at a desk D. we found Winifred seating at a desk ‎42. We all know that every minute _____ full use of _____ the lessons will benefit students greatly.‎ ‎ A. which makes, studying B. when made, to study C. that made, to study D. when is made, studying ‎43. _________, we can take some measures to minimize the losses.‎ A. As earthquakes are difficult to be predicted B. As earthquakes are difficult to predict C. Difficult as earthquakes are to predicted D. Difficult as earthquakes are to predict ‎44. Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.‎ A. that was, is B. as were, are C. as were, is D. those were, are ‎45. — I’d rather have some wine, if you don’t mind.‎ ‎—______. Don’ t forget that you’ll drive. ‎ A. By all means B. Anything but that ‎ C. Take it easy D. I wouldn’t say no to this 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ We all love our parents and turn to them when we’re in need, but would you like them to hear the __46__ you have with your friends in the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites, such as micro-blog, blog and the Facebook, have actually become __47__ of the school hallways(走廊), so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to __48__ your online __49__ and conversations ‎ with friends?‎ In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were __50__ with latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they had no __51__ to be good at new technology. __52__, more and more parents are beginning to __53__ just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the __54__ to educate themselves about social networking sites.‎ These days many people are __55__ to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there’s also a certain amount of control over __56__ that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is __57__ when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member.‎ It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our __58__ lives. On the one hand, we don’t want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to __59__. On the other hand, if you do accept, then you could have a(n) __60__ of being watched and no longer feel __61__ to comment or communicate the way you did before.‎ A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t __62__ mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be truly __63___.”‎ ‎ Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the __64__ if you do choose not to __65__ them to your friends list.‎ ‎46. A. quarrels B. conversations C. debates D. bargains ‎47. A. explosions B. focuses C. extensions D. definitions ‎48. A. spread B. decide C. repeat D. view ‎49. A. habits B. activities C. images D. shows ‎50. A. in association B. in conflict C. side by side D. u p to date ‎ ‎51. A. need B. choice C. money D. time ‎52. A. However B. Indeed C. Thus D. Otherwise ‎53. A. advocate B. realize C. deny D. doubt ‎54. A. excuse B. ability C. motivation D. chance ‎55. A. exposed B. attracted C. adapted D. committed ‎56. A. privacy B. privilege C. personality D. process ‎57. A. interpreted B. interacted C. insulted D. invaded ‎ ‎58. A. school B. online C. family D. social ‎59. A. avoid B. dislike C. hide D. refuse ‎60. A. guilt B. memory C. sense D. obligation ‎61. A. worried B. satisfied C. real D. free ‎62. A. nevertheless B. necessarily C. possibly D. entirely ‎63. A. independent B. available C. popular D. responsible ‎64. A. voice B. hatred C. result D. blow ‎ ‎65. A. show B. apply C. add D. force 第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Brian Gay (@brian2596)  ‎ Folks who support Trump, who received extensive media coverage in campaign in part because of celeb status, complaining about Oprah getting extensive media coverage because of celeb status. Whatta town!‎ After surprising Georgians by campaigning for Abrams door-to-door, Oprah spoke at a Thursday campaign rally(集会) for her in Marietta.‎ ‎“I was just sitting at home in California minding my own business, but I could not stop thinking about what’s going on down here,” Winfrey said. “Nobody paid for me to come here, nobody even asked me to come here. I paid for myself and I approve this message.”‎ She declared, “I am here today to support a change maker.” If elected, Abrams would become the first African-American woman governor of a state. “She’s a woman who dared believe she could change the state of Georgia.”‎ Oprah added, “I am an independent woman. I’ve earned the right to think for myself and to vote for myself, and that’s why I am a registered independent.”‎ She continued, “I’m here today because of the men and because of the women who were lynched(用私刑绞死), who were humiliated(羞辱), who were discriminated against, who were suppressed, who were repressed and oppressed for the right, for the equality at the polls, and I want you to know that their blood seeped(渗透) into my DNA and I refuse to let their sacrifices be in vain.”‎ ‎66. Why did Oprah come to speak at a Thursday campaign rally?‎ ‎ A. She was invited to.‎ ‎ B. Someone paid for her to come ‎ C. She did it voluntarily.‎ ‎ D. She enjoyed speaking.‎ ‎67. The campaign rally probably took place _____.‎ ‎ A. before the 2018 US Midterm Elections ‎ B. before American presidential election in 2016‎ ‎ C. before the 2016 US election ‎ D. in a presidential election B Does your brain work like a dictionary? A mathematical analysis of the connections among definitions of English words has uncovered hidden structures that man resembles the way words and their meanings are represented in our minds.‎ ‎“We want to know how the mental vocabulary is represented in the brain,” says Stevan Harnad of the University of Quebec in Montreal‎, ‎Canada.‎ As every word in a dictionary is defined (下定义) in terms of others, the knowledge needed to understand the entire vocabulary is there. Harnad’s team reasoned that finding this smallest set of words and pinning down its structure might help research on how human brains put language together.‎ The team converted each of four different English dictionaries into a mathematical structure of linked nodes (节点) known as a graph. Each node in this graph represents a word, which is linked to the other words used to define it — so “banana” might be connected to “long”, “bendy”, “yellow”, and “fruit”.‎ But even this tiny set is not the smallest number of words you need to produce the whole dictionary, as many of these words can in turn be fully defined by others in the kernel (核心). What’s more, the kernel has a deeper structure.‎ So what, if anything, can this tell us about how our brains represent words and concepts? To find out the answer, Harnad’s team looked at data on how children acquire words and found a pattern: as you move in from the full dictionary towards the Kernel, words which have been acquired at a younger age tend to be used more often, and refer to more concrete concepts.‎ But the connection does suggest that our brains may structure language somewhat similarly to a dictionary.‎ Phil Blunsom, at University‎ of ‎Oxford isn’t convinced that word meanings can be reduced to a chain of definitions. “It’s treating words in such a symbolic fashion that they are going to lose a lot of the meaning.” But Mark Pagel of the University of Reading, UK, expects the approach to new insights. “This will be most useful in giving us a sense of how our minds structure meaning.” he says.‎ ‎68. The first paragraph serves as _________ in the passage.‎ A. a comparison between human brain and a dictionary B. an introduction to whether your brain works like a dictionary C. a conclusion that your brain is just like a dictionary D. a contradiction that your brain is just like a dictionary ‎69. What does the underlined phrase “pinning down” in Paragraph 3 mean here?‎ A. determining exactly B. fixing firmly ‎ C. explaining simply D. putting formally ‎70. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?‎ A. Children acquire words and form patterns more easily than adults.‎ B. Many of the words can in turn be fully defined by using its similar words.‎ C. Harnad’s findings may explain how human brains put language together.‎ D. Our brains may structure language exactly similarly to a dictionary.‎ C The bacteria which inhabit (栖居于) human beings, particularly the guts (肠道) of those beings, have been found in recent years to be important for fighting off diseases. That something similar happens in other animal species is doubtless true as well. But work by Seon-Woo Lee at Dong-A University and Jihyun Kim at Yonsei University, both in South Korea, suggests that it is not only animals that benefit from such bacterial protection. Their study, just published in Nature Biotechnology, shows that plants do, too. ‎ Crop plants of the nightshade family, such as potatoes and tomatoes, are not immune(免疫的) to a soil bacterium called Ralstonia solanacearum. This enters their roots and spreads through their water-transport systems, causing them to wilt (枯萎). Infection is usually deadly; the disease costs potato farmers alone $1bn a year. A variety of tomato called Hawaii 7996, however, does not suffer from such bacterial wilt. Dr Lee and Dr Kim wondered if the explanation for this exceptionalism lay with other bacteria in the soil. ‎ To test that idea, they grew crops of Hawaii 7996 and a second tomato variety called Moneymaker. Once the plants were established, the researchers analyzed bacteria in the soil around the plants’ roots and found systematic differences that depended on which tomato variety was growing. This observation made their explanation reasonable and likely to be true. ‎ They then transplanted some of their Moneymaker plants into soil that had previously supported Hawaii 7996s, and some of the Hawaiian plants into soil that ‎ had been home to Moneymakers. As controls, they similarly uprooted (拔起) individuals of both varieties and replanted them in soil once occupied by the same variety. That done, they exposed all of their plants to R. solanacearum and monitored them over the course of 14 days. ‎ They found the disease progressed almost 30% more slowly in Moneymaker plants grown in “Hawaiian” soil than it did in those Moneymakers that had been replanted into their own soil. In contrast, it progressed rapidly in the normally resistant Hawaiian variety when this was transferred into Moneymaker soil. ‎ Further study revealed that credit for this disease resistance went to a single type of soil bacterium, called TRM1. Dr Lee and Dr Kim therefore cultivated (培育) this bug in their laboratory and used it to treat soil into which Moneymaker plants were then planted. When these were infected with R. solanacearum they proved more resistant than others that had been planted into untreated soil as controls. ‎ These findings suggest to Dr Lee and Dr Kim that the roots of Hawaii 7996 are releasing compounds (化合物) which encourage the growth of TRM1. What those compounds are has yet to be determined. The two researchers’ work, however, seems to suggest something constructive. ‎ ‎71. The author mentions the bacteria inhabiting human beings to introduce ___________.‎ ‎ A. the benefits of bacteria to humans B. the effects of bacteria on plants ‎ C. the efforts to fight off diseases D. the reasons for plant diseases ‎72. What are the two researchers’ findings based on?‎ ‎ A. Comprehensive analyses of how plants are infected.‎ ‎ B. Careful observation of the transplanting process.‎ ‎ C. Controlled experiments on the uprooted individuals of both varieties.‎ ‎ D. Comparison of the progress of the disease in different conditions. ‎ ‎73. According to the study, why are some plants immune to infection?‎ ‎ A. They have better water-transport systems. B. They are protected by some other bacteria.‎ C. They are genetically different from others. D. They have resistance to bacteria when transferred.‎ ‎74. The two researchers’ work indicates that _____________.‎ A. new ways will be found to deal with bacterial wilt B. causes of some plant diseases have been discovered C. a new chapter of agricultural science and technology has started D. the composition of the compounds released has been identified D If you were to look at the pictures of my early years, you would be left with the impression that I was a happy child. You couldn't miss the extra large set of buck teeth (龅牙).‎ One of the many nicknames my father gave me was Bucky Beaver. To Dad, and to me, Bucky Beaver was an expression of love straight from the heart. Unfortunately, my younger brother, John didn't work under the same rules. “Hey, Bucky Beaver!” John would say as he rocketed past my friends and me on his bike. Occasionally, when we were old enough to walk to the corner ice cream store, where all the cool kids hung out, I would wait for my order at the walk-up window. Then I'd hear, “Order for Bucky Beaver!” and see my brother running off. My appetite gone, I would return home, defeated.‎ It seems that I could do nothing to change his taunts (嘲弄的言语). He used to call me Smelly Kelley. To avoid any truth behind that name, all I had to do was routinely bathe. However, the teeth, although I brushed them every day, still stuck out.‎ Even my mom, who was supposed to be my advocate, crossed the line. When she sent our school pictures to my grandparents in Seattle, Mom would call first. “I sent the kids' school pictures to you today,” Mom would say in an apologetic tone. “Yes.” she continued. “Kelley? Uh huh...well,”-- with a nervous laugh—“we’re hoping she’ll grow into them.” She wasn't talking about my feet.‎ When I was eight years old, three-quarters of my front left tooth was knocked out and ended up in the dirt while I was playing on the school playground. I didn't feel shocked by the fact that I had lost part of my tooth. To me, it was just one more ‎ in a line of many that had already fallen out, or were on their way. Losing a tooth up to that point had been a cause for celebration, but I got an entirely new reaction when I opened the door to my house after school that day. “Hi, Mom!” I yelled, smiling extra wide to show off my new look. “Oh, my God!” Mom said. She was shocked and pale-faced, staring down at me.‎ The next thing I remember is that I was lying in a chair at the dentists. The good dentist announced there was no way to save the tooth because what could have been saved was still lying somewhere in the dirt on the school playground. Regardless, a crown(齿冠) was the way to go. A shiny silver half-crown covered what remained of my left center buck tooth. Things didn’t improve when it graduated to a full-sized crown. It didn’t change the fact that my teeth still stuck out.‎ My protests (抗议) about my brother’s name-calling about my teeth fell on deaf ears until the summer before the sixth grade. That’s when my parents finally acknowledged my “condition” was not going to improve on its own. That’s when the idea of braces (牙箍) was first introduced.‎ Finally, the big day arrived. Once again found myself lying in a chair knew it would be worth it to finally be able to avoid my brother’s taunting. Once I got home, I inspected Dr. Ellis’‎ work closely.‎ At that moment my brother came. Silently, John eyed my transformation. He knew the days of Bucky Beaver were officially over. But then his eyes slowly began to narrow, and the corner of his mouth curled up slightly. Squaring(使…变平) his shoulders, John turned and positioned himself for a quick getaway, as he yelled back over his shoulder, “Hey! Brace Face!”‎ ‎75. What did John do at the ice cream store?‎ A. He treated cool kids to ice creams.‎ B. He asked the author to go home for dinner.‎ C. He teased the author in the presence of other kids.‎ D. He specially ordered an ice cream for the author.‎ ‎76. To avoid being called Smelly Kelley, the author __________.‎ A. gave herself another nickname B. turned to her parents for help C. was seldom alone with John D. developed the habit of showering ‎77. How did the author feel when she knew she had lost part of her tooth?‎ A. Delighted. B. Frightened. C. Disappointed. D. Embarrassed.‎ ‎78. The underlined part “fell on deaf ears” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by “_______”.‎ A. were ignored B. were predicted C. were suspected D. were punished ‎79. Which of the following words can best describe John?‎ A. Intelligent. B. Naughty. C. Selfish. D. Humorous.‎ ‎80. The author went to the dentist’s for the second time to ___________.‎ A. correct her buck teeth B. have a regular health checkup C. express her gratitude to the dentist D. have her damaged tooth pulled out 第二卷（非选择题, 共35分）‎ 第四部分： 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。‎ How Do Food Additives Affect Your Health?‎ There are thousands of harmful food additives that we are consuming every day. Many of these food additives have been shown to do harm to our health.‎ In 1958 the government passed the Delaney Clause Food Additives Amendment which prohibited companies from adding known harmful chemicals to our food. But in spite of this, there are still dangerous chemicals that are still being added to our food and it is important to understand which chemicals these are and what the potential ‎ dangers are.‎ The only defense we have as consumers is that all packaged food is required to list all the ingredients (配料) on the label. We need to educate ourselves and become familiar with the harmful food additives and read every label of the food we purchase. The challenge however, is that food companies tend to make finding these suspicious ingredients somewhat dull, hiding them in hard-to-find areas of the package and making the print extremely small so as to discourage their discovery.‎ The names of these chemicals themselves can complicate matters. These chemical names are long and foreign-sounding and people typically skip over them because they are dull to try and read. The food producers are clever. They will make intentional use of healthy-sounding phrases to trick people into thinking that the product is free of chemical additives. For instance, “Natural Flavors” or “No Preservatives” are commonly found on packaged food products, but does this mean that the product is free of harmful food additives? Absolutely not. Again, you must check all the ingredients to determine whether a product is completely free of food additives.‎ Here is a helpful tip that relies on basic common sense. If you are reading the ingredient list and you find it is long and loaded with long words that you are unfamiliar with, guess what? This product almost assuredly has plenty of chemical food additives.‎ And here is a list of six food additives that you should definitely try and avoid. This is not an exhaustive(详尽的)list, however, these food additives have been linked to health concerns and harmful side effects.‎ Sodium Nitrate(硝酸钠)‎ Found primarily in lunch meat and hotdogs, this is a preservative and has been linked to cancer. ‎ BHA and BHT(抗氧化剂)‎ They are used as a preservative. You can find them in things like chips, cereals and even chewing gum. They are known to oxidize (氧化) the cells and cell oxidation is the precursor(先兆) to cancer. ‎ Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)(味精)‎ MSG is one of the more well-known food additives and is primarily used as a flavor-enhancer (增味剂). Much of the restaurant food we consume is flavored with MSG. This food additive can cause reactions in some people such as headaches and nausea(恶心).‎ Trans Fats(反式脂肪酸)‎ Trans-fats are proven to be the cause of heart disease. Restaurant food, especially fast food chains, often serves foods full of trans-fats.‎ Aspartame(天门冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲脂)(一种约比蔗糖甜200倍的甜味剂)‎ Aspartame is a sweetener and is also known as NutraSweet. The brand of sweetener called Equal is also aspartame. This food additive has been linked to cancer and neurological problems.‎ Food Colorings Food colorings are basically just a form of paint. They can liven up the walls in your living room but should definitely be avoided in food. Blue 1 and 2, found in beverages(饮料), candy, baked goods and pet food, have been linked to cancer in lab animals. Red 3, has been shown to cause thyroid(甲状腺) tumors in rats. Green 3 has been linked to bladder(膀胱) cancer. Yellow 6 has been linked to tumors of the adrenal(肾上腺的) gland(腺) and kidney.‎ How Do Food Additives Affect Your Health?‎ Theme We are consuming thousands of food additives every day, many of which have proven (81) ▲ to our health, so we need to recognize them and avoid them.‎ Tips for consumers ‎♦ It is important for us to understand what chemicals food companies are (82) ▲ to food and what the potential dangers are.‎ ‎♦ When (83) ▲ food, we need to read every label, even though some ingredients are made boring and hard to discover.‎ ‎♦ We must know food producers often (84) ▲ use healthy-sounding phrases to trick us into believing the food is safe from chemical additives.‎ ‎♦ If there are many long and unfamiliar words in an ingredient list，it is almost (85) ▲ that the product contains plenty of chemical food additives.‎ ‎(86) ▲ of food additives that consumers should avoid Sodium Nitrate They are all used for food (87) ▲ and known to have relations with cancer.‎ BHA and BHT MSG Some people may (88) ▲ unpleasantly to MSG, which is often used to make food tastier.‎ Trans Fats Foods served by fast food chains are often filled with trans fats, probably (89) ▲ heart disease.‎ Aspartame It is used to make food taste much (90) ▲ , but has been linked to health problems.‎ Food Colorings They should be used to make walls colourful, but should be avoided in food.‎ 第六部分 书面表达 (满分25分)‎ 请阅读下列文字和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ When was the last time you had fun with your parents? Your parents are all busy during working days; during the weekends, you may want to hang out with them but they may have to work extra hours.‎ This is not uncommon. In China, both of the parents have their jobs. Most of the parents try their best to offer their children comfortable circumstances, but they seldom have time to stay with their children. A recent survey done in the US found that more than half of American parents spend less than three hours having fun with their children each week.‎ As the Daily Mail noted: Families are spending little quality time creating bonds and precious memories together during the week because of the demands of modern life.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ 1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；‎ ‎2. 简要分析父母陪伴孩子的时间越来越少的原因；‎ ‎3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈父母多陪伴孩子对其孩子的影响。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ 江苏省如皋中学2018-2019学年度第一学期阶段练习 高二英语 参考答案 ‎1----5 ABCBB 6----10 CCABB 11----15 BBCAC 16---20 CBCBA ‎21—25 BBDBB 26—30 CADDA 31---35 DBACD 36---40 ABBAD ‎41---45 CBDBB 46—50 BCDBD 51---55 AABCB 56---60 ADBCC ‎61---65 DBADC 66---67 CA 68---70 BAC 71---74 BDBA ‎75---80 CDAABA ‎81. harmful 82. adding 83. purchasing/buying 84. intentionally/deliberately 85. certain ‎86. Types/Kinds/Examples 87. preservation 88. redact 89. causing 90. sweeter 书面表达 One possible version：‎ Nowadays, it is not uncommon that parents spend little time accompanying their children, which may result from the demands of modern life and some other reasons.‎ There are many factors accounting for this phenomenon. First, in contemporary society parents are facing more stress from living and work than before, so they have to spend most of their time making money. In addition, parents today are more easily distracted by various electronic products when keeping their children company.‎ Take my own experience for example. Once upon a time, I got into trouble in my studies. It was my parents’ company and comfort that had a great effect on my regaining self-confidence. Plain and peaceful as it was, this experience left an unforgettable impression on me, which is of great significance to my growth.‎ To conclude, it’s vital for parents to spend more time with their children. However busy parents are, they should afford their time to accompany their children.(158)‎