【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十（15页word版） 15页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十 ‎[一]‎ ‎ According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them pests(有害动物). Landholding farmers say that the country’s estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for scarce resources. Australia’s insurance industry says that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000-plus vehicle-animal collisions reported each year. In the country’s underpopulated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have swollen to “plague proportions.” ‎ In the absence of traditional hunters, the thinking goes, killing kangaroos is critical to balancing the ecology and boosting the rural economy. A government-sanctioned(政府认可的) industry, based on the commercial harvest of kangaroo meat and hides, exported $29 million in products in 2017 and supports about 4,000 jobs. Today meat, hides, and leather from kangaroos have been exported to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma, and Adidas buy strong, supple “k-leather” to make athletic gear. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. ‎ Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-emitting sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food and fibers from animals adapted to Australia’s fragile rangelands is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” ‎ ‎ Opponents(反对者) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” ‎ Can Australians’ conflicting attitudes toward kangaroos be reconciled(和解)? George Wilson says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers(放牧人)—working independently or through wildlife conservancies—would protect the animals, treating them as possessions. They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunter a fee for access. “If you want to conserve something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered pests don’t have value.” ‎ Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures. If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, farmers would keep less live-stock, which could be good for the environment. Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.‎ ‎42. What can be learnt from the first three paragraphs?‎ A. Kangaroo meat is healthier than other red meat. ‎ B. Global brands make small profits on kangaroos.‎ C. Kangaroos are more friendly to the environment.‎ D. Overpopulated kangaroos have become a financial burden.‎ ‎43. What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Unreasonable. B. Immeasurable. ‎ C. Unquestionable. D. Unchangeable.‎ ‎44. Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization?‎ A. The popularity of kangaroo hunting.‎ B. The reduction in the number of kangaroos. ‎ C. The establishment of more conservation areas.‎ D. The better management of the kangaroo industry.‎ ‎45. The passage is written to ________.‎ A. argue against the killing of kangaroos B. stress the importance of protecting kangaroos ‎ C. present different opinions on the kangaroo industry D. provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos 参考答案：‎ ‎ 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D ‎[二]‎ Many of us listen to music while we work, thinking that it will help us to concentrate on the task at hand. And in fact, recent research has found that music can have beneficial effects on creativity. When it comes to other areas of performance, however, the impact of background music is more complicated.‎ The idea that listening to music when working is beneficial to output probably has its roots in the so-called “Mozart effect”. Put simply, this is the finding that spatial rotation performance(空间旋转能力) is increased immediately after listening to the music of Mozart, compared to no sound at all. ‎ How sound affects performance has been the topic of research for over 40 years, and is observed through a phenomenon called the irrelevant sound effect. To study irrelevant sound effect, participants in the research are asked to complete a simple task which requires them to recall a series of numbers or letters in the exact order in which they saw them. The tricky thing is being able to do this while ignoring any background noise.‎ Two key characteristics of the irrelevant sound effect are required for its observation. First, the task must require the person to use their rehearsal abilities(复述能力), and second, the sound must contain acoustical variation(声学变化). Where the ‎ sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions.‎ The irrelevant sound effect itself comes from attempting to process two sources of ordered information at the same time—one from the task and one from the sound. Unfortunately, only the former is required to successfully perform the recall task, and the effort in ensuring that irrelevant order information from the sound is not processed actually hinders(阻碍) this ability.‎ A similar conflict is also seen when reading while in the presence of lyrical music. In this situation, the two sources of words—from the task and the sound—are in conflict. The cost is poorer performance of the task in the presence of music with lyrics.‎ What this all means is that whether having music playing in the background helps or hinders performance depends on the task and on the type of music, and only understanding this relationship will help people maximize their productivity levels. ‎ ‎38. “Mozart effect” is mentioned to ________.‎ A. explain how music can relax people ‎ B. show music can improve performance C. advise people to listen to Mozart music ‎ D. stress Mozart music gains wide attention ‎ ‎39. It can be inferred that participants in the research ________.‎ A. have improved their rehearsal ability ‎ B. perform better in the quiet conditions C. ignore the background noise successfully D. prefer the music with great sound variation ‎40. Paragraph 6 is written to ________.‎ A. support an idea B. make a contrast C. introduce a topic D. describe a fact ‎41. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Music shapes your life B. Music develops your creativity C. Choose quiet music for your work D. Does music make you concentrate?‎ 参考答案：38. B 39. B 40. A41. D ‎[三]‎ Early or Later Day Care Many young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, ‎ and there have always been different views on this subject.‎ The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and lead to psychological problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes, and many people do believe this.‎ According to Bowlby, a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents. If they are left without touch for a while, they will have a higher stress level. Parents’ influence on their children’s well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child’s brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.‎ However, there are critics. Some anthropologists (人类学家) point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone. Plato, around 394 B.C., argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society. Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are more evenly distributed among a broader group of people.‎ Besides, studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development. They learn the benefits of being socially smart, understanding the concept of sharing and caring. They promote concentration skills, which is very important in their learning. There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.‎ Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it. But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery. The matter, then, is far from being clearly known, though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children. ‎ ‎42. The passage mainly argues whether ______. ‎ A. children over three will accept school education B. children under three should be sent to nursery schools C. the family relationship is different in traditional societies D. early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies ‎43. Which of the following supports Bowlby’s theory? ‎ ‎ A. Early day care wouldn’t be so popular if it had negative effects. B. Separation from parents for young children is common in history.‎ C. Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with. D. Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children’s development.‎ ‎44. The author’s attitude towards early day care is that ______. A. children under three should stay with their parents B. it has potential benefits for both children and parents C. the bad effect of it on children will disappear as they grow up D. it is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics ‎45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎ A. B. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion 参考答案：41—45 ABCDB ‎[四]‎ Training the Brain People who can accomplish unbelievable tasks, such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour, state that they just have normal brains. Some memory superstars compete in Olympic-like World Memory Championships. These mental athletes, or MAs for short, can memorize names of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed them. ‎ Ed Cooke, a 24-year-old MA, explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art of memory training. These techniques existed not to recall useless information, but to cut into the brain basic text and ideas.‎ A study in the journal Nature examined eight people who finished near the top of the World Memory Championships. The scientists examined whether their brains were fundamentally different from everyone else’s or whether they were simply making better use of memorizing abilities we all possess. They put the MAs and control subjects into brain scanners and had them memorize numbers and photographs. The result surprised everyone. The brains of the MAs and those of the control subjects were indistinguishable. On every test, the MAs scored in the normal range. However, when the scientists examined what part of the brain was used during a memory activity, they found the MAs relied more heavily on areas in the brain involved in spatial memory.‎ MAs offer an explanation: anything can be fixed upon our memories and kept in order by constructing a building in the imagination and filling it with pictures of what needs to be recalled. Dating back to the fifth century, the building is called a memory palace. Even as late as the fourteenth century, when there were copies of any text, scholars needed to remember what was read to them. Reading to remember requires a different technique than speed reading. If something is made memorable, it has to be repeated. Until relatively recently, people read only a few books intensively (细致地) again and again, usually aloud. Today we read extensively, usually only once and without continuous focus.‎ So the great difference is the ability to create impressive pictures in mind and to do it quickly. Using memory palaces, MAs create memorized pictures. For example, recombine the pictures to form unforgettable scenes such as the ways through a town. One competitor used his own body parts to help him memorize a 57,000-word dictionary.‎ Anyone who wishes to train the mind needs first to create fantastical palaces in the imagination. Then they should cut each building into cubbyholes for memories. In a short amount of time, they will notice improvement with remembering things. To keep the skill sharp, MAs deliberately empty their palaces after competitions, so they can reuse them and they recommend that beginners do the same. ‎ ‎38. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that a mental athlete ______. ‎ ‎ A. owns a brain that is larger in size ‎ B. shows a gift in mental ability tests ‎ C. uses the memorizing technique better ‎ D. depends less on the areas that control spatial memory ‎39. Why does the author mention “speed reading” in Paragraph 3?‎ ‎ A. To discuss the memorizing technique in the fifth century.‎ ‎ B. To give the reason why people read only a few books carefully.‎ ‎ C. To explain the text fourteenth century scholars had to remember.‎ ‎ D. To compare the type of reading nowadays with that of earlier times.‎ ‎40. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? ‎ ‎ A. There is a variety of unforgettable scenes.‎ ‎ B. Memory palaces can be quickly forgotten.‎ ‎ C. Impressive pictures are in actual buildings.‎ ‎ D. One person probably has 57,000 body parts.‎ ‎41. What does the underlined word “cubbyholes” in the last paragraph probably mean? ‎ ‎ A. Small spaces. B. Blacks holes.‎ ‎ C. Technical skills. D. Different numbers.‎ 参考答案：36—40 DCCDA ‎[五]‎ Working well in a team requires full cooperation. It's an important skill for almost every employee to have. Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done, and others depend on you to get their work done.‎ Communicate well. Lack of communication is one of the biggest reasons of a team's failure. Seek input from team members so they feel like a valuable part of the team. Communication establishes trust among team members. In addition, communicating well can help prevent and resolve conflict. Meet regularly to keep members involved and aware of your work progress. Post decisions where everyone in the team can see them.‎ Be flexible. In teamwork, priorities and responsibility can change instantly. Stay ready to shift focus. Training team members to be able to do parts of other team members' jobs can be a valuable part of teamwork; being flexible helps to build appreciation for all the parts of the team.‎ Meet deadlines. Work hard to ensure you meet established deadlines when you work in a team environment. Others are depending on your work. Negotiate timelines with your teammates at the start of a project. Doing so allows you to have a say in how work gets accomplished.‎ Establish __accountability__. All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the project. Although not every team needs a leader, teams require a formal way to ensure everyone does his part. Try using meetings to report on progress.‎ Celebrate accomplishments and encourage the team. Senior executives may not always recognize the importance of some team members' work. Share congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable in helping you get your work done.‎ ‎○12　What can you conclude from the first paragraph？____D____‎ A．Working in a team means your work is separate.‎ B．Working in a team means your work is effective.‎ C．Being a member of a team means your work is independent.‎ D．Being a member of a team means your work is interdependent.‎ 解析：考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done，and others depend on you to get their work done”可知，成为团队一员意味着分工合作、相互依赖，故选D。‎ ‎○13　Which of the following deeds does not contribute to effective teamwork？____A____‎ A．Keeping silent in a team discussion.‎ B．Being able to do parts of others' job.‎ C．Acknowledging others' work publicly.‎ D．Holding meetings to report on progress.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。通读全文可知，文章中并没有提到在团队讨论中保持沉默有利于团队工作，故选A。‎ ‎○14　What does the underlined word “accountability” refer to in the fifth paragraph？____B____‎ A．Success. 　　 B．Responsibility.‎ C．Insurance. 　　 D．Community.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句的后一句“All team members must be responsible fOr the success and failure Ofthe project”可知，团队工作中所有成员都要对项目的成功和失败负责，故可推知，此处应选B。‎ ‎○15　What is the best title of the passage？____B____‎ A．How to Succeed in Communicating with Others B．How to Work Effectively in a Team Environment C．Ways to Work Well in Completing Projects D．Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Employees 解析：考查标题判断。根据本文的关键词“teamwork”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是提高团队工作效率的方法和策略，故选B项。‎ ‎[六]‎ Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying by the second.‎ The main purpose of bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, does not exist for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period. They collect pollen (花粉)which supplies protein for young bees to grow.‎ According to National Honey Board, the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $ 14.6 billion per year. These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.‎ So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key suspect seems to be pesticides (农药). Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological (神经系统的) functions, specifically memory or behavior. And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the destruction of natural habitats, like woodlands, forests, and other habitats for bees. Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population.‎ Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee－friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。‎ ‎○13　Why do honeybees store honey in their hives？____D____‎ A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume.‎ B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees.‎ C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger.‎ D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱)in order ‎ for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。‎ ‎○14　Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that____C____.‎ A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段的“These insects aer responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。‎ ‎○15　What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind？____B____‎ A．The lack of food.‎ B．The abuse of pesticides.‎ C．The fighting among bees.‎ D．The destruction of the habitats.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。‎ ‎○16　What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？____A____‎ A．Another way to save bees.‎ B．Other tips for choosing seeds.‎ C．More methods to plant green organic fruits.‎ D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee－friendly plants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。‎ ‎[七]‎ When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.‎ Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy (树荫)of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full－sun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees. With increased production come increased profits.‎ Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.‎ Furthermore, in the long term, the full－sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂) are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that ‎ people will eventually drink.‎ Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade－grown” and “bird－friendly”. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，通过拉丁美洲的农民种植咖啡作物的事例说明了咖啡作物长在树下对生态系统的重要性。‎ ‎○11　Which opinion does the author agree with？____B____‎ A．People should buy full－sun coffee.‎ B．Shade－grown coffee should be supported.‎ C．Farmers should change the places to grow coffee.‎ D．Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第五段的第二句“We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as‘shade－grown’and ‘bird－friendly’”可知，作者支持农民种植对鸟类无害的长在树下的咖啡作物，故B项正确。‎ ‎○12　Compared with the traditional method, what advantage does the full－sun method have？____D____‎ A．It can protect the ecosystem.‎ B．It can promote people's health.‎ C．It can provide more nests for birds.‎ D．It can increase the production of coffee.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的最后两句“At first，this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees.With increased production come increased profits”可知，全阳光照射这种方法能提高咖啡豆的产量，增加利润，故D项正确。‎ ‎○13　How do farmers get more land to grow full－sun coffee？____A____‎ A．They cut down trees.‎ B．They move to other countries.‎ C．They turn grassland into farmland.‎ D．They buy more land from other farmers.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二句“However，more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full－sun coffee”可知，农民通过砍伐树林来种植全阳光照射的咖啡作物，故A项正确。‎ ‎○14　What can we learn from the passage？____C____‎ A．It is quite worthwhile to buy shade－grown coffee at any cost.‎ B．Farmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now.‎ C．South American farmers are taking action to plant coffee bushes in the traditional way.‎ D．The full－sun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一句“Fortunately，farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade”并结合第二段的第一句可推知，中南美洲的农民意识到了咖啡作物长在树下的重要性，他们开始改变种植方法，选择传统的种植方法，故C项正确。‎ ‎[八]‎ An egg sinks to the bottom if you drop it into a glass of ordinary drinking water but what happens ‎ if you add salt? The results are very interesting and can teach you some fun facts about density(密度)．‎ What you'll need：‎ ‎* One egg * Water * Salt * A tall drinking glass Instructions：‎ Pour water into the glass until it is about half full.‎ Mix in lots of salt(about 6 tablespoons)．‎ Carefully pour in plain water until the glass is nearly full (be careful not to mix the salt water with the plain water)．‎ Gently lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.‎ What's happening?‎ Salt water is denser than ordinary tap water. The denser the liquid is, the easier it is for an object to float in it. When you lower the egg into the liquid it drops through the normal tap water until it reaches the salt water, and at this point the water is dense enough for the egg to float. If you were careful when you added the tap water to the salt water, they would not mix, enabling the egg to amazingly float in the middle of the glass.‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了鸡蛋放入盐水中的实验过程。‎ ‎❽　Which of the following is the CORRECT order？____B____‎ ‎①Mix in lots of salt.‎ ‎②Gently lower the egg into the water.‎ ‎③Carefully pour in plain water until the glass is nearly full ‎④Pour water into the glass until it is about half full.‎ A.④②①③　　　　　　　　　 B.④①③②‎ C．①④③② D．③④①②‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三部分的“Pour water into the glass until it is about half full”和“Gently lower the egg into the water and watch what happens”可知，往杯子里倒半杯水是第一个步骤，而轻轻把鸡蛋放进水里，观察结果是最后一个步骤，故选B。‎ ‎❾　What will happen if you drop an egg into a glass of water with about 6 tablespoons of salt？____A____‎ A．It will float in the water.‎ B．It will sink to the bottom.‎ C．Nothing will happen. ‎ D．The result is not known.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四部分中的“The denser the liquid is, the easier it is for an object to float in it”和最后一句“If you were careful when you added the tap water to the salt water, they would not mix, enabling the egg to amazingly float in the middle of the glass”可推知，鸡蛋放入盐水里会浮起来。故选A。‎ ‎○10　Why can the egg float in the water according to the passage？____C____‎ A．Because ordinary tap water is denser than salt water.‎ B．Because ordinary tap water is as dense as salt water.‎ C．Because the denser the liquid is, the easier it is for an object to float in it.‎ D．Because the more the liquid there is, the easier it is for an object to float in it.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一部分中的“Salt water is denser than ordinary tap water. The denser the liquid is, the easier it is for an object to float in it ‎”可知，液体的密度越大，物体越容易漂浮，而鸡蛋能够在盐水中浮起来是因为盐水的密度大，故选C。‎ ‎[九]‎ Despite being used by 1. 34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. ‎ One citizen, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube and it's completely silent and it's weird, ”says Jonathan Dunne, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章) with the words “Tube chat？” last month, encouraging passengers in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed，” he says. Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.‎ Although Dunne says he's received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don't even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn't need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you, ”he says.‎ ‎“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don't, but it's been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to，”Dunne says.‎ So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.‎ 文章大意：每年乘坐伦敦地铁的乘客众多，可是人们仍然感到孤独；为此Jonathan Dunne发起了一个旨在鼓励乘客相互交谈的运动，此举引起了世界媒体的关注。尽管如此，人们对此仍有不同的态度。‎ ‎❽　How did Dunne encourage London passengers to talk with each other____C____‎ A．By putting up posters on the tube.‎ B．By advocating his idea on the media.‎ C．By offering passengers special badges.‎ D．By starting a dialogue with passengers.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章)with the words‘Tube chat？’”，可知，Dunne用给乘客们分发写着“Tube chat？”的徽章来鼓励乘客聊天，故C项正确。‎ ‎❾　How is Dunne's campaign getting along？____A____‎ A．It has caught international attention.‎ B．It has become a worldwide campaign.‎ C．Most passengers have refused to accept it.‎ D．Wilson has made great efforts to promote it.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“‘Tube chat’ campaign have since been reported by media across the world，seeing TV interviews in Sweden，Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website，newspaper and magazine appearances”可知，Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注，故A项正确。‎ 　According to Michael Robinson, what should tube passengers do？____D____‎ A．Hand in their feedback in time.‎ B．Walk up and talk to strangers.‎ C．Stop using public transport.‎ D．Enjoy the peace quietly.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work.It doesn't need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you”可知，Michael Robinson认为乘伦敦地铁是人们上下班时享受安静的时刻，而不是交谈的时刻，故D项正确。‎ 　What can be the best title for the text？____A____‎ A．Tube Chat or Not B．Lonely Travel in the London Tube C．Silence on the Tube D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges 解析：考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章第二段介绍Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注；第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点；最后一段建议如果要跟陌生人打招呼，先看看他有没有徽章。据此可以判断，文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点，故A项最能概括文意。‎ ‎[十]‎ It seems that technology could be changing the places where we live. A project conducted by Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire's School of Engineering and Technology, has built on the university's InterHome project aimed to create a home that __supervises__ people living at home who are weak or elderly.‎ ‎“We've developed a wristband type of device (装置)，” said Johann Siau, “which allows us to monitor the condition of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device. It allows us to collect data of a person to see if the person has fallen or is away from where they are supposed to be. It connects an elderly person with an assisted living type of device with the InterHome.” The assisted living project is part of the university's wider InterHome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house stores the usage ‎ patterns of the person living there and can adapt to making it use as little energy as possible. Connecting the two together and building the service element(元素) allow us to introduce the assisted living idea to care for the elderly. It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support rather than to replace any of the existing services.‎ The InterHome is not just a prototype (雏形) or a vehicle for research. It's a study tool to help students from different scientific backgrounds learn about and develop technology. The InterHome combines the latest broadband technology, mobile data and communication. Researchers and students make sure that all the technology works together. Students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. It requires a variety of skills from students—electronic engineers, computer students, design students and so on. “The present plan we are working on is a smart home project in Watford with some commercial companies，” said Johann Sian. “We are looking at how a smarter home can provide extra value services.”‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。‎ ‎❶　The underlined word “supervises” in Paragraph 1 probably means“ ____A____ ”．‎ A．watches over 　　　　　 B．gives support to C．directs 　　 D．comforts 解析：考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段的“allows us to monitor the condition of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device”，并结合画线词所在句子的语境可推知，supervise, monitor, watch over同义。故选A。‎ ‎❷　What is the InterHome project intended to do？____B____‎ A．Call on the students to care for old people.‎ B．Provide better care and services for the elderly.‎ C．Carry out all the work the existing services do.‎ D．Develop houses that mainly aim to save energy.‎ 解析：考查目的意图。根据第一段的“InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly”和第二段的倒数第二句“Connecting the two together and building the service element(元素) ...to care for the elderly”可知，这个项目旨在为老年人提供护理和服务。故选B。‎ ‎❸　What can we learn about the InterHome project from the article？____D______‎ A．It is a large collection of many existing technologies.‎ B．It is just a platform to help students to do research work.‎ C．It is a smart home project developed by different universities.‎ D．It allows students to put into use and try out what they've learned.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段的第二句“It's a study tool to help students from different scientific backgrounds learn about and develop technology.”可推知，这一项目有利于学生学习和开发技术。故选D。‎ ‎❹　What is the main purpose of the author in writing this article？____C____‎ A．To build up a new platform for students to develop new technology.‎ B．To show how future buildings will change elderly people's way of life.‎ C．To describe a new project that aims to develop a smart home for the elderly.‎ D．To introduce a new kind of technology to help people to enjoy a better life.‎ 解析：考查写作意图。根据第一段的第二句“A project...has built on the university's InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly ‎”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。故选C。‎