2018-2019学年安徽省合肥市合肥一中、合肥六中高二下学期期中联考英语试题 解析版 29页

‎2018-2019学年第二学期合肥一中合肥六中 高二年级期中考试英语试卷 时长:120分钟 分值:150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.‎ What does the man suggest the woman do?‎ A. Close her eyes to relax for a while.‎ B. Make an appointment at once.‎ C. Get a calendar soon.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎2.‎ What is Tim doing?‎ A. Locking the door. B. Walking a dog. C. Knocking at the door.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎3.‎ What's the man's favorite subject?‎ A. English. B. Math. C. Both English and math.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎4.‎ What has the woman been doing?‎ A. Doing the garden. B. Working at her office. C. Taking a long shower.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎5.‎ Where did the woman finally put her desk?‎ A. Behind the door.‎ B. Under the big window.‎ C. Under the little window opposite the door.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎6. What does the woman want to do?‎ A. Borrow a map. B. Find the restaurant. C. Visit the campus.‎ ‎7. Why did the woman get lost?‎ A. She wend in the wrong direction.‎ B. She didn't have a map.‎ C. She couldn't read road signs.‎ ‎【答案】6. B 7. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎8. How did the woman sound on the phone?‎ A. Rude. B. Happy. C. Peaceful.‎ ‎9. What is the woman waiting for?‎ A. Her coffee. B. A call from her friend. C. The result of an interview.‎ ‎10. What will the woman do next?‎ A. Wait patiently. B. Call back. C. Make a decision.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎11. According to the woman, what are summers in Norway like recently?‎ A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Very hot.‎ ‎12. What do most people in Norway do in the summers?‎ A. Stay at home. B. Travel abroad. C. Go to the coast.‎ ‎13. What does the man think of Norway?‎ A. Interesting. B. Surprising. C. Unpleasant.‎ ‎【答案】11. A 12. C 13. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎14. Where will the woman go next week?‎ A. The Great Britain. B. The United States. C. Australia.‎ ‎15. What does the woman like most about her job?‎ A. Meeting different people.‎ B. Staying in office.‎ C. Travelling around the world.‎ ‎16. Who can the woman see in Sydney?‎ A. Her sister. B. Her boyfriend. C. Her classmate.‎ ‎17. How does the woman relax?‎ A. Cook for herself. B. Go for a sail C. Go fishing ‎【答案】14. A 15. C 16. B 17. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。‎ ‎18. What happened to the speaker?‎ A. She transferred to another city.‎ B. She just found a well-paid job.‎ C. Her hard work got paid off.‎ ‎19. What contribution did the speaker make for the company?‎ A. Increasing the sales B. Building a branch company.‎ C. Making new products.‎ ‎20. What do we know about the speaker?‎ A. Her co-workers approve her abilities.‎ B. Her pay rose to$15,000 per year.‎ C. She is in the HR department.‎ ‎【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Science on Sundays Science on Sundays is a new series of informal, drop-in plant science talks at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden suitable for 12+.‎ ‎27 Mar. A trick(花招) of the light? How flower surfaces attract pollinators(授粉昆虫) Professor Beverley Glover, Director of the CUBG (Cambridge University Botanic. Garden) and Head of Group, Plant Evolution and Development Research, Department of Plant Sciences ‎24 Apr. The shapes that feed us: a pleasing journey into grass leaf shape Dr Devin O'Connor, the Leyser Group, Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University ‎29 May Nature's geometry (几何学): the interesting world of plant patterns(图案) Dr Siobhan Braybrook, Plant Growth Mechanics Group, Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University ‎26 Jun. A bird's-eye view of the natural world: learning about forests from aircraft Dr David Coomes, Head of Group, Forest Ecology and Conservation, Department of Plant Sciences ‎24 Jul. Extreme green: plant adaptations(适应) to the world's most difficult environments Dr Sam Brockington Head of Group, Molecular Systematics & Evolution, Department of Plant Sciences Science on Sunday talks last 30 minutes and are free (as long as you have paid ‎ to get into the Garden); there is no need to book; just drop in to the Classroom at the Brookside Gate at 11 am (each talk repeated at 2 pm).‎ ‎21. Who is the director of the Cambridge University Botanic Garden?‎ A. Devin O'Connor. B. Beverley Glover. C. David Coomes. D. Siobhan Braybrook.‎ ‎22. What is the talk about in April?‎ A. Tricky light. B. Leaf shape. C. Plant patterns. D. Plant adaptations.‎ ‎23. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A monthly review. B. A science report. C. A gardening guide. D. A local notice.‎ ‎【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章是剑桥大学植物园的周日科学报告的活动介绍。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中第二段Professor Beverley Glover, Director of the CUBG (Cambridge University Botanic. Garden)可知，Beverley Glover是剑桥大学植物园的负责人。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据24 Apr. 部分中The shapes that feed us: a pleasing journey into grass leaf shape可知，四月的报告主题是叶子形状。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中science talks at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden以及下文介绍这些报告的时间、主题和主讲人等信息可以推测，该文档摘自当地的一则通知。故选D。‎ B The search engine Google celebrated on Thursday the 110th birthday of the first Native American woman engineer.Google honored Mary Ross with a special Google Doodle on its homepage.‎ Ross was born on August 9，1908，in the state of Oklahoma.She was the ‎ great-granddaughter of John Ross，the longest—serving chief of the Cherokee Nation.Her work is considered important to the early stages of the age of space travel.‎ Ross showed special abilities in math and science from an early age.As a student，she developed an interest in aviation，or the practice of flying aircraft.She went on to earn a master’s degree in mathematics from Colorado State Teachers College，now called the University of Northern Colorado.‎ During World War II，Ross began working for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation as a mathematician.She earned a special certification in the field from the University of California in1949.Ross was later chosen to join Lockheed’s top—secret Skunk Works team that worked on aircraft designs.The name refers to a group that is permitted to work independently on advanced projects.She was the only female engineer among the team’s 40 members.‎ Early on，she researched defense systems.By the late 1950s，her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets called Agenda.The rockets were extremely important in the 1960s during the Apollo moon program.‎ Ross also helped develop early design ideas for space travel between planets，including flyby space flights to study Venus and Mars.Ross retired from Lockheed in 1973.But she continued to give talks at high schools and colleges to encourage more women and Native Americans to study engineering.She died in 2008，a few months before her 100th birthday.‎ Many celebrated Ross’life on social media.Twitter user Aaron Perez，for example，wrote:“Mary Ross was an engineer who pioneered in the field of satellites.I never would have known if it wasn’t for the doodle.Women engineers deserve more recognition.”‎ ‎24. Why did Google celebrate Mary Ross’110th birthday?‎ A. She invented a new flying aircraft.‎ B. She had been a great designer ever.‎ C. She contributed a lot to space travel.‎ D. She got a master’s degree in mathematics.‎ ‎25. What did Mary Ross do in the middle of20th century?‎ A. She worked on Agenda.‎ B. She gave talks at high schools.‎ C. She helped women study engineering.‎ D. She planned the Apollo moon program.‎ ‎26. Which of the following can best describe Mary Ross?‎ A. Caring and cautious. B. Talented and creative.‎ C. Generous and patient. D. Courageous and optimistic.‎ ‎27. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. Social media is very popular in the world.‎ B. Every Twitter user thinks highly of Mary Ross.‎ C. More attention should be paid to women engineers.‎ D. Man has made greater progress in space technology.‎ ‎【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为说明文。谷歌搜索引擎周四纪念了美国第一位原住民女工程师诞辰110周年。谷歌在其主页上为玛丽•罗斯（Mary Ross）做了一个特殊的谷歌徽标涂鸦。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Her work is considered important to the early stages of the age of space travel.（她的成就被认为对太空旅行时代的早期阶段至关重要的）可知，谷歌庆祝玛丽·罗斯110岁生日，因为她为太空旅行做出了很多贡献。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的By the late 1950s，her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets called Agenda.（20世纪50年代后期，她的工作集中于卫星以及一系列被称为Agenda项目的太空火箭上）可知，在20世纪中期，玛丽•罗斯致力于Agenda项目。故A选项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Ross showed special abilities in math and science from an early age.（罗斯从小就在数学和科学方面展现出特殊能力）及下文对玛丽•罗斯所取得的成就的介绍可知，玛丽•罗斯是一位有才华和创造力的杰出工程师。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的I never would have known if it wasn’t for the doodle.Women engineers deserve more recognition.（如果不是谷歌徽标涂鸦，我永远不会知道这些。女性工程师应该得到更大认可）可推知，我们应该更多地关注女工程师。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。‎ 以本文第2小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干中What did Mary Ross do in the middle of 20th century?，其关键词是the middle of 20th century，从而直接定位到含有the middle of 20th century的同义词意的文段——倒数第三段中的By the late 1950s，her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets called Agenda.（20世纪50年代后期，她的工作集中于卫星以及一系列被称为Agenda项目的太空火箭上）可知，在20世纪中期，玛丽•罗斯致力于Agenda项目。故A选项正确。‎ C Every country has certain cultural patterns making it unique. Of course, habits and customs between cultures and countries tend to overlap(重叠). The popularity of social media, for instance, ignores borders and breaks down cultural differences. Technology has made the world a much smaller and culturally similar place. However, when looking at a foreign country, we will always find differences between our traditions and theirs. Young Italians and young Americans, for example, though alike in many respects, have also some pronounced differences, especially when it comes to work, pastimes and sports.‎ Most American teens have part-time jobs through high school and college. Youths in Italy tend not to. The reasons behind this are multifaceted. It is, to begin with, ‎ rather hard in Italy to find the type of part-time jobs students usually take up. Moreover, there is also a different cultural attitude to take into consideration, especially when thinking of certain parts of Italy. Young Italians like to enjoy life to the full and feel there will be time to work once they become adults, hence the lack of interest in finding odd jobs while still in school. Like the old saying goes, some Italians work to Live, while some Americans often live to work.‎ In a lot of ways, young Italians and Americans spend their free time in a similar fashion. Listening to music, watching movies, hanging out, practicing sports and surfing the Internet are all common ways to pass some free time. Italians, especially, make a point of going out and being social, often choosing between pizzeria or birrerie (place for pizza or beer), which stay open late. Italians often pile into a couple of cars and go out in a big group. In general, American teens participate in a lot of extracurricular(课外的) activities, many often through school, while Italians may not take part in so many.‎ When going out, Italian teens tend to meet and gather on the streets of their cities or towns, something not as common in the United States, especially in highly populated areas. This very Italian habit can be linked to the urban arrangement of Italian towns. Many of them date back thousands of years and feature central piazzas(广场) and areas built around historical sites that have now become gathering places for the young. If you’re in Italy, don’t be surprised by the sight of hundreds gathered in a piazza or on the street, laughing and drinking the night away.‎ ‎28. The passage is mainly about ________.‎ A. the unique lifestyles shared by American and Italian teens B. the relationship between young people of America and Italy C. some customs and habits of the Americans and Italians D. some differences in tradition between young Americans and Italians ‎29. By saying "some Italians work to live, while some Americans often live to work”, the author most probably wants to tell us that ________.‎ A. Italians have a better life attitude toward working B. Americans are more diligent and thus live a better life C. Americans and Italians both find it hard to locate a satisfying job D. Italians and Americans have different choices regarding work ‎30. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. American teens practice sports and surf the Internet to pass time.‎ B. Italian youth take an active part in extracurricular activities.‎ C. American teens like to drive out and social together in big groups.‎ D. Italian youth enjoy pizza and beer because they are cheap.‎ ‎31. If there is one more paragraph in this passage, what will it most probably be about?‎ A. The working conditions of the young Americans and Italians.‎ B. The differences in practicing sports between teens of the two nations.‎ C. The central piazzas and areas built around historical sites in Italy.‎ D. The urban arrangement of the highly populated American cities.‎ ‎【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在对待工作、娱乐方面的一些明显的差异。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Young Italians and young Americans, for example, though alike in many respects, have also some pronounced differences, especially when it comes to work, pastimes and sports.（例如，意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。）以及文章主要内容围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异展开，故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据上文Moreover, there is also a different cultural attitude to take into consideration, especially when thinking of certain parts of Italy. Young Italians like to enjoy life to the full and feel there will be time to work once they become adults, hence the lack of interest in finding odd jobs while still in school.‎ ‎（此外，还有一种不同的文化态度需要考虑，尤其是考虑到意大利的某些地区。年轻的意大利人喜欢尽情享受生活，一旦他们长大成人，就会觉得有时间去工作，因此他们对在校期间找零工不感兴趣。）可知，意大利年轻人是为了生活而去工作，而美国的年轻人工作是为了生活，作者想要通过这句话告诉我们意大利人和美国人在工作上有不同的选择。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中In a lot of ways, young Italians ans and Americans spend their free time in a similar fashion. Listening to music, watching movies, hanging out, practicing sports and surfing the Internet are all common ways to pass some free time.（在很多方面，年轻的意大利人和美国人以相似的方式度过他们的空闲时间。听音乐、看电影、出去玩、锻炼身体和上网都是打发空闲时间的常见方式。）可知，美国青少年通过运动和上网来打发时间。故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句Young Italians and young Americans, for example, though alike in many respects, have also some pronounced differences, especially when it comes to work, pastimes and sports.（例如，意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。）可知，作者想要说明意大利年轻人和美国年轻人在工作、娱乐和体育方面的差异，根据第二段内容可知主要谈论了工作方面的差异，第三、四段谈论了娱乐方面，因此接下来会谈到体育方面的差异。故如果这篇文章中还有一段话，最有可能是关于两国青少年在运动方面的差异。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】主旨大意主要的解题策略有：‎ ‎（1）标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。‎ ‎（2）主旨类。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。如第一小题，根据第一段最后一句Young Italians and young Americans, for example, though alike in many ‎ respects, have also some pronounced differences, especially when it comes to work, pastimes and sports.（例如，意大利年轻人和美国年轻人虽然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明显的差异，尤其是在工作、娱乐和体育方面。）以及文章主要内容围绕着美国和意大利年轻人的一些传统差异展开，故选D。‎ D Let us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance of artificial intelligence. AlphaGo，‎ DeepMind’s Go-playing AI，just defeated the best Go-playing human，Lee Sedol. But as we drink to its success. we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the future.‎ The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that. in order to win against a player like Lee. AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human—like style of gameplay by using a relatively recent development--deep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets，“machine learning”algorithms （计算程序） and deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo，DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.‎ Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss，Lee described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis. one of DeepMind's founders，echoed this comment：“We're very pleased that AlphaGo played ‎ some quite surprising and beautiful moves. ”‎ Unpredictability and surprises are—or can be—a good thing. They can indicate that a system is working well，perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creation's behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though some loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go，it raises urgent questions elsewhere.‎ How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations，governments，experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them，have emerged in response，but remain unanswered. They require human，not human - like，solutions.‎ So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.‎ ‎32. What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game?‎ A. The capability of self-improvement.‎ B. The constant input of large data sets C. The installation of deep neutral networks.‎ D. The knowledge of Go rules and strategies.‎ ‎33. A potential danger of Al is _____.‎ A. the loss of human control B. the friendly relationship C. the fierce competition D. the lack of challenge ‎34. How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?‎ A. We should stop AI machines from developing even further.‎ B. We should call on the government to solve these problems for us.‎ C. We should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.‎ D. We should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.‎ ‎35. What's the author’s attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?‎ A. Supportive. B. Optimistic.‎ C. Doubtful. D. Cautious.‎ ‎【答案】32. A 33. A 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。这篇文章作者结合人工智能AlphaGo战胜韩国棋手李世石的围棋比赛展开，阐述了AI的运作原理以及作者的思考．‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在第二段Then，AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.可知，AI的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。答案定位在第四段However，unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control.可知，不可预测性也表明失去了人类的控制，故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在第五段They require human，not human - like，solutions.可知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.可知作者认为当我们为艾城的里程碑干杯时，让我们也为这样的理解干杯，那就是，现在是深入回答人类关于深度学习和人工智能的问题的时候了。‎ 因此推断作者对于AI的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。A. Supportive.支持的； B. Optimistic.乐观的；C. Doubtful.可疑的；D. Cautious.谨慎的，故选D。‎ 第二节(共5小题;每题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. ___36___ In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference ‎ in hormones between men and women. ___37___ Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎___38___They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.___39___Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.___40___‎ A．However, women, on average, live longer.‎ B .The biological factor plays an important part.‎ C. Women are also helped by their female genes.‎ D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.‎ E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.‎ F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.‎ G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.‎ ‎【答案】36. A 37. G ‎ ‎38. D 39. C ‎ ‎40. E ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 试题分析：本文讲述了女性比男性寿命长的原因。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 根据空格下一句：一般说，她们比男性多活6到7年。故空格处讲的是女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 根据空格上句：一个重要的帮助女性活得更长的生理因素是男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同。再根据空格下句：在大约12到50岁之间，女性生产参与生育的荷尔蒙。故此空与荷尔蒙有关，故G项“荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。”符合上下文语境。故选G。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。故D项“女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。”符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。故C项“女性基因也在帮助女性。”符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有老化快的倾向。故E项“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”总结前两句。故选E。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第5小题，根据上文Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.句中的Some Others是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有老化快的倾向。故E项“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”总结前两句。故选E。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 完形填空(共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ We live in a heavily edited world. People in pictures are no longer people-they are perfect human beings whom we can only try, and___41___, to live up to. And food ‎ in pictures is no longer food. It's___42___, something to make you desire a lifestyle while___43___you that you're not part of it.‎ But people are getting ___44___ and tired of such perfection, leading to something Pamela Grossman, a director at Getty Images, calls “perfection fatigue(疲劳)”. This new attitude is now ___45___ people to value something different: ___46___.‎ The pizza company Domino's, for example, is___47___the trend by encouraging its customers to___48___ unedited pictures of their pizzas on social media, as part of the nofilter(未过滤的) movement that’s become so popular on Instagram. This may mean oily boxes, ___49___ cheese and less-than-delicious-looking meat, but these____50____show what we're actually ____51____.‎ ‎"It's____52____what it looks like when you really get a pizza."Dennis Maloney, chief digital officer of Domino's, told the website Fastcodesign. "It feels much more honest and transparent when the images are imperfect.”‎ Things are also changing with perfect human images. For example, US clothing company Gap, _____53_____a "Dress Normal" campaign in 2014, ____54____simple clothes instead of smart suits like those of runway models.‎ ‎"We spend so much time trying to____55____our shortcomings owing to the fact that our____56____has set it up that we have to be____57____ if we're not perfect," US filmmaker Cynthia Wade told The New York Times. "I think people are tired of it. They're suddenly much more willing to____58____the ugly or sarcastic."‎ But while it's probably true that we won't see a(n) ____59____to "perfect" pictures any time soon, at least some people are starting to see that it can actually be____60____to be imperfect, or to use the name of one of American singer Grace VanderWaal's albums, Perfectly Imperfect. ‎ ‎41. A. choose B. aim C. fail D. intend ‎42. A. menu B. artwork C. sign D. snack ‎43. A. reminding B. instructing C. informing D. warning ‎44. A. afraid B. capable C. sick D. sure ‎45. A. forcing B. requiring C. expecting D. driving ‎46. A. patience B. honesty C. kindness D.‎ ‎ generosity ‎47. A. focusing on B. putting on C. taking-on D. relying on ‎48. A. post B. download C. update D. correct ‎49. A. light-colored B. dull-colored C. half-filled D. full-filled ‎50. A. dishes B. bills C. boxes D. images ‎51. A. calling for B. seeking for C. paying for D. hoping for ‎52. A. absolutely B. extremely C. exactly D. definitely ‎53. A. launched B. attended C. canceled D. demanded ‎54. A. promising B. experiencing C. discussing D. promoting ‎55. A. express B. find C. hide D. miss ‎56. A. culture B. family C. country D. community ‎57. A. tolerant B. satisfied C. confident D. ashamed ‎58. A. hug B. accept C. resist D. adopt ‎59. A. end B. start C. way D. choice ‎60. A. relaxing B. exciting C. annoying D. appealing ‎【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. C 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. B 59. A 60. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了我们生活在一个经过严格编辑的世界里。照片里的人是我们试图想成为却不能成为的人。它是一种艺术作品，使你期待一种生活方式的东西但同时你感知到你并不是这种生活方式的一份子。但现在越来越多的人对这种完美感到厌倦，一些公司及人们开始接受不完美的真实的人和事物。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中的人不再是人了——他们是完美的人，我们只能尝试，但失败了，辜负他们。A. choose选择；B. aim瞄准；C. fail失败；D. intend打算。照片里的人——完美的人是我们试图想成为可却不能成为的人。故选C。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一件艺术品，一件让你渴望一种生活方式的东西，同时提醒你，你不是它的一部分。A. menu菜单；B. artwork艺术品；C. sign签字；D. snack小吃。根据语境，故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一件艺术品，一件让你渴望一种生活方式的东西，同时提醒你，你不是它的一部分。A. reminding提醒；B. instructing指导；C. informing通知；D. warning警告。根据语境，故选A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但人们正对这种完美感到厌倦，这导致了Getty Images导演Pamela Grossman所说的“完美疲劳”。根据下文中的tired of意为"厌倦"，其中使用了and作为连接词，由此可知，空格处也是"厌倦"的意思。get sick of意为"讨厌，厌倦"，故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，这种新的态度正在驱使人们重视一些不同的东西：诚实。A. forcing迫使；B. requiring要求；C. expecting期待；D. driving驾驶；驱使。根据前文提到照片中的东西都是完美的，所以这驱使人们寻找诚实，故选D。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，这种新的态度正在驱使人们重视一些不同的东西：诚实。A. patience耐心；B. honesty诚实；C. kindness好意；D. generosity慷慨。根据上文内容可知，故选B。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，披萨公司达美乐(Domino's)正采取这一趋势，鼓励顾客在社交媒体上发布未经编辑的披萨照片。A. focusing on集中注意力；B. putting on穿上；C. taking on呈现；采取；D. relying on依赖。由上文可知，本句举例来支持上一句，因此这家披萨公司通过鼓励顾客在社交媒体上传未经处理的披萨照片而接受采用这种趋势。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，披萨公司达美乐(Domino's)正采取这一趋势，鼓励顾客在社交媒体上发布未经编辑的披萨照片。A. post张贴；上传；B. download下载；C. update更新；D. correct纠正。这家披萨公司通过鼓励顾客在社交媒体上传（post）未经处理的披萨照片而接受采用这种趋势，故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能意味着油腻的盒子，颜色暗淡的奶酪和看起来不那么美味的肉，但这些图片显示了我们实际上在购买什么。A. light-colored浅色的；B. dull-colored暗色的；C. half-filled半满的；D. full-filled满足的。结合上句，未经处理的照片即意味着油腻的盒子，颜色不鲜亮的奶油，和卖相不怎么好看的肉。故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能意味着油腻的盒子，颜色暗淡的奶酪和看起来不那么美味的肉，但这些图像显示了我们实际上在购买什么。A. dishes菜肴；B. bills账单；C. boxes盒子；D. images图像。根据语境，故选D。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能意味着油腻的盒子，颜色暗淡的奶酪和看起来不那么美味的肉，但这些图像显示了我们实际上在购买什么。A. calling for要求；B. seeking for寻找；C. paying for支付；D. hoping for希望。这些图像所呈现出的正是你付钱所买的东西。paying for意为“付钱买……”，故选C。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“这就是你真正吃到披萨时的样子。”达美乐首席数字官丹尼斯·马洛尼告诉Fastcodesign网站。A. absolutely绝对地；B. extremely非常；C. exactly恰好地；确实；D. definitely清楚地；当然。你买披萨时，披萨确实就是这样的。故选C。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，美国服装公司Gap在2014年发起了一场“正常着装”运动，宣传的是简单的衣服，而不是t台模特那种时髦的套装。A. launched发射；发起；B. attended参加；C. canceled取消；D. demanded要求。这里指美国GPA制衣公司发起（launched）一运动。故选A。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，美国服装公司Gap在2014‎ 年发起了一场“正常着装”运动，宣传的是简单的衣服，而不是T台模特那种时髦的套装。A. promising承诺；B. experiencing经历；C. discussing讨论；D. promoting晋升；推广。运动旨在推广（promoting）简简单单的衣服而不是T台模特穿的那种精致的套装。故选D。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国电影制片人辛西娅•韦德在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“我们花了太多时间试图掩盖自己的缺点，因为我们的文化造就了这一事实，如果我们不够完美，我们必须感到羞愧。”A. express表达；B. find发现；C. hide隐藏；D. miss错过。我们花费了如此多的时间来掩藏（hide）我们的缺点，故选C。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国电影制片人辛西娅•韦德在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示:“我们花了太多时间试图掩盖自己的缺点，因为我们的文化造就了这一事实，如果我们不够完美，我们必须感到羞愧。”A. culture文化；B. family家庭；C. country国家；D. community社区。我们的文化（culture）设定了“如果我们不完美，我们就会感到羞愧”的文化理念。故选A。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国电影制片人辛西娅•韦德在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示:“我们花了太多时间试图掩盖自己的缺点，因为我们的文化造就了这一事实，如果我们不够完美，我们必须感到羞愧。”A. tolerant宽容的；B. satisfied满意的；C. confident自信的；D. ashamed羞愧的。如果我们不完美，我们就会感到羞愧（ashamed）。故选D。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们突然变得更愿意接受丑陋或讽刺。A. hug拥抱；B. accept接受；C. resist抵抗；D. adopt采用。结合上文，人们态度开始转变，开始接受那种有点丑丑的或带点讽刺意味的东西。故选B。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，尽管我们可能不会很快看到“完美”照片的终结，但至少有些人开始意识到，“不完美”的照片可能看上去吸引人。A. end结束；终结；B. start开始；C. way方式；D. choice选择。人们态度开始转变但我们不会立马看到“完美”照片的终结（end），但至少人们看到了不完美也是有吸引力的。故选A。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，尽管我们可能不会很快看到“完美”照片的终结，但至少有些人开始意识到，“不完美”的照片可能看上去吸引人。A. relaxing放松的；B. exciting激动的；C. annoying恼怒的；D. appealing吸引人的。人们看到了不完美也是有吸引力的。故选D。‎ 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Wolf Warrior II(《战狼Ⅱ》) is such a hit that it has put China in the ___61___(globe) spotlight(公众关注). It's also the first film ___62___(taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.‎ The film focuses on ___63___rescue operation in Africa led by Leng Feng, played by Wu Jing, the writer ___64___director of the film. It is based on the true events of the 2011 evacuation(撤离) of Chinese people from Libya. It describes ___65___ the Chinese government manages to protect overseas Chinese___66___(city). Just___67___the message at the end of the film reads:"When you encounter(遇到) danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back ___68___(stand) a strong motherland."‎ China's___69___(rise) military power and its positive role in the world have brought out a bigger sense of____70____(proud) among young people in China.‎ ‎【答案】61. global ‎ ‎62. to taste ‎ ‎63. a 64. and ‎ ‎65. how 66. citizens ‎ ‎67. as 68. stands ‎ ‎69. rising 70. pride ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《战狼II》的内容介绍及其影响。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：《战狼2》大获成功，使中国成为全球瞩目的焦点。此处修饰名词spotlight 用形容词，指全球的焦点，故填global。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是第一部在票房收入和宣传中国价值观方面都取得成功的电影。名词film由序数词修饰时，要用不定式作后置定语。故填to taste。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：这部电影讲述的是在非洲的一次救援行动，由冷锋领衔，吴京饰演，他是这部电影的编剧和导演。operation为可数名词，此处泛指“一次救援行动”应用不定冠词，故填a。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查连词。根据句意可知，表示“编剧和导演”为并列关系，故填and。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：它描述了中国政府如何设法保护海外中国公民。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。短语Chinese citizen“中国人；中国公民”，此处没有冠词，故用复数形式citizens。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：正如电影结尾的那句话：“当你在异国他乡遇到危险时，不要放弃!”请记住，在你的背后站着一个强大的祖国。”此处表示“正如，如同”用as，指正如电影最后的话，故填 as。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。介词短语at your back置句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据语境，用一般现在时，句中主语是a strong motherland是单数，与之一致谓语也用第三人称单数，故填stands。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。句意：中国军事实力的不断增强及其在世界上的积极作用，使中国年轻人产生了更大的自豪感。指不断上升的军事实力用现在分词，故填rising。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查名词。短语sense of pride，此处指“骄傲感；自豪感”，用名词作宾语。故填 pride。‎ 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎71.假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Scientists used a worldwide network of telescopes see and capture the first-ever picture of a black hole. The recent visual confirmation of black holes acts for the confirmation of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.‎ Black holes are made up of huge amounts of matter squeezed into a small area, created a gravitational(万有引力的) field which draws in something around it. They also had a way of super-heating the material around them and warping spacetime(扭曲时空). Material is heated to billions of degrees and reaches nearly the speed of the light. Light bends around the gravity of the black hole, where creates the photon(光子) ring seen in the image.‎ Relative to other object, supermassive black holes are actual small. They may seem invisible, and the way they interact with the material around them is the giveaway.‎ ‎【答案】1.see前面加上to ‎2.for→as ‎3.created→creating ‎4.something→everything ‎5.had→have ‎6.去掉light前面the ‎7.where→which ‎8.object→objects ‎9.actual→actually ‎10.and→but ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们使用全球范围内的望远镜网络观测并捕捉到了第一张黑洞的照片。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们使用全球范围内的望远镜网络观测并捕捉到了第一张黑洞的照片。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故see只能作非谓语动词，表目的用不定式，故see前面加上to。‎ ‎2.考查介词。句意：最近对黑洞的视觉确认就像对Albert Einstein广义相对论的确认一样。根据句意表示“就像……一样”应用介词as。故for改为as。‎ ‎3.考查非谓语动词。句意：黑洞是由大量的物质挤压成一个小区域，形成一个引力场，吸引周围的一切。create与逻辑主语Black holes构成主谓关系，故用现在分词。故created改为creating。‎ ‎4.考查不定代词。根据黑洞的性质可知，“黑洞吸引周围的一切”应用everything。故something改为everything。‎ ‎5.考查动词时态。句意：它们还有一种超加热周围物质并扭曲时空方法。描述客观事实应用一般现在时，故had改为have。‎ ‎6.考查冠词。句意：材料被加热到数十亿度，几乎达到光速。短语the speed of light“光速”，light是抽象名词，前面不需要冠词，故去掉the。‎ ‎7.考查定语从句连接词。句意：光在黑洞引力的作用下发生弯曲，从而产生了图像中的光子环。本句为非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故应用which。故where改为which。‎ ‎8.考查名词的数。句意：与其他物体相比，超大质量黑洞实际上很小。object为可数名词，根据上文other泛指“其他的（人或物）”可知，应用名词复数形式。故object改为objects。‎ ‎9.考查副词。修饰形容词small应用副词形式，故actual改为actually。‎ ‎10.考查连词。句意：它们看起来似乎是无形的，但它们与周围物质的互动方式却泄露了秘密。根据语境可知，上下文为转折关系，故and改为but。‎ 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎72.假如你是李华，上周在外教Mr.Jackson的口语课上使用手机被老师发现，手机被收走。请给外教写一封道歉信，内容应包括以下要点：‎ ‎1.表示歉意；‎ ‎2.解释上课使用手机的原因；‎ ‎3.提出自己的请求并适当表态。‎ 注意：1.可适当添加细节使文章连贯；字数100左右；‎ ‎2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr.Jackson,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Mr. Jackson,‎ I’m really sorry about my using the mobile phone in your lecture last week. Please accept my heart-felt apology for being so rude a student.‎ I know any word might sound a made-up excuse. But I didn’t use the mobile phone for no reason. I was trying to apply to some American universities last week and that day, I got an offer and they needed my further information immediately. Therefore, I had no other choice but to try sending them a text message in class and that was ‎ exactly what I was doing when you discovered. I promise it will never happen again. But I do need my phone back to get in touch with others. Will you be kind enough to give it back to me?‎ I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是提纲类作文，要点已给出。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 假如你是李华，上周在外教Mr.Jackson的口语课上使用手机被老师发现，手机被收走。请给外教写一封道歉信，内容应包括以下要点：1.表示歉意；2.解释上课使用手机的原因；3.提出自己的请求并适当表态。要点以及给出，写作时可适当增加细节以使行文连贯，同时要把所提示的点写全，语句通顺，同时要注意准确运用时态、语态、上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。根据句意适当使用并列连词，同时也要合理运用高级词汇和高级句子为文章增色添彩。 ‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 本文是一篇书信，采用三段式，语言质朴，内容齐全，布局合理，使用高级句子。Please accept my heart-felt apology for being so rude a student. 祈使句中运用动名词；that was exactly what I was doing when you discovered.表语从句和时间状语从句完美结合；I promise it will never happen again.宾语从句用在句中；But I do need my phone back to get in touch with others.强调谓语的运用堪称经典；另外，Will you be kind enough to give it back to me?的使用恰到好处，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎