奉贤区2019届高三二模英语试题 13页

‎2018学年奉贤区二模 ‎ 高三英语试卷（2019.04）‎ Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ How to Make the Most of Your Lunch Hour Should you grab a bite at your desk or eat with your colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.‎ Lunch hours ___21___（get）shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees ___22___（ask）to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.‎ But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?‎ The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are datable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline ___23___ their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, ___24___ the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.‎ What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control—was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment ___25___ other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?‎ ‎___26___ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a ___27___（calm）effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which ___28___ be an important feature of some work tasks.‎ But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out ___29___ since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position ___30___（think）creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.‎ Section B Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ A. involving B. distinguish C. adapted D. tailored E. medium F. gains G. partially H. amazing I. definitely J. steer K. implications Genes That Make You Smarter The contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy（遗产）we are born with and may have ___31___ for education. ‎ ‎“People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Robert Plomin.“What we found was quite ___32___ and goes in the other direction.”‎ Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are ___33___ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, ___34___ a total of 11000 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetic etc, to measure a quantity called “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and Lateral twins（异卵双生）, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to ___35___ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores. ‎ Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. ‎ No one ___36___ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handing their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “Kids with high G will use their environment to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. ” Children with ___37___ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.‎ Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability（遗传可能性）doesn’t mean at all that there is nothing you can do about it,”says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher ___38___ after training.”‎ Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being ___39___ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. ‎ Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to ___40___ kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”‎ Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension.‎ Section A Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎ Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ___41___ to post the results of their own labours online.‎ ‎　Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository（库）, and astronomers are accustomed to ___42___ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the ___43___, not the rule Historically, scientists have ___44___ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.‎ ‎　But the ___45___ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ___46___. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to“___47___ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products ___48___ and enable other researchers to discover and cite（引用） them.‎ Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ___49___ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved ___50___ and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used. ___51___, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been ___52___ 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees.“I’d much prefer to have my data used by the ___53___ number of people to ask their own questions,”she says.“It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be ___54___.”‎ Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding ___55___ later on.‎ ‎41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous ‎42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying ‎43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon ‎44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to ‎45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences ‎46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public ‎47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up ‎48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly ‎49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic ‎50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence ‎51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all ‎52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed ‎53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated ‎54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable ‎55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflict Section B Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ A It was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older bother and I lived with Mom in a humble house in Detroit. We watched TV every night.‎ But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.” ‎ ‎ We complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.” So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her car on their way to Detroit Public Library, depressed and restless. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them. The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this virtue visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home. It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet refuge from my other world. ‎ Now my older brother is an engineer and I am a doctor. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery. But I know when the journey began the day Mom switched off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.‎ ‎56. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ____.‎ A. the author and his brother had done well in school B. the author had been very concerned about his school work C. the author had spent much time watching TV after school D. the author had realized how important schooling was ‎57. According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe the author’s mother?‎ A. Tolerant and decisive.‎ B. Aggressive and open-minded.‎ C. Determined and farsighted.‎ D. Persistent and literate.‎ ‎58. The underlined word“peevish”in the passage can be replaced by ____.‎ A. naughty B. bad-tempered C. patient D. obedient ‎59. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that ___.‎ A. he could constantly review the plots in the books B. he could visualize what he read in his mind C. he could get many rewards from his mother D. he realized that books offered him new experience B NANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE（PG）‎ Age 10+‎ Sparkling book adaptation has great characters, some scares.‎ ‎ “Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase”is based on a classic 1930 Nancy Drew mystery book and is aimed at teens and young teens. Although the story involves a politically motivated kidnapping and a supposedly haunted house, the scariest moment is during what turns out to be a dream sequence. Positive messages include courage and teamwork, and strong role models（mostly female）are at the center of the action.（89 minutes）‎ WONDER PARK（PG）‎ Age 8+‎ Imaginative but intense adventure deals with worry and fear.‎ ‎ “Wonder park”is an animated adventure about an imaginative girl named June（voiced by Brianna Denski），who’s spent years dreaming up a magical amusement park named Wonderland with her mom（Jennifer Garner）. You can expect plenty of action（including explosions and peril），as well as the looming presence of worry and sadness, since June is dealing with the fact that her mom has a serious illness. The film celebrates imagination, curiosity and perseverance, and it underlines the importance of not letting fear stop you from being yourself and doing what you love.（93 minutes）‎ CAPTIVE STATE（PG-13）‎ Age 14+‎ Dark, disconnected but smart alien invasion movie.‎ ‎“Captive State”is an alien-invasion movie set in a future Chicago. Some humans try to cooperate with the conquering aliens, while others try to rebel; there’s a very complex plan at the heart of the story. Violence is the biggest issue: Humans are killed, both vaporized by aliens and shot by guns. There are explosions, blood splatters, gory surgeries, gross alien effects, cyanide pills and lots of chaos and stress. The movie is more about its own big ideas than characters or emotions, but it’s smart enough that it should please most teen and adult sci-fi fans. John Goodman and Vera Farmiga co-star.（109 minutes）‎ FIVE FEET APART（PG-13）‎ Age 13+‎ Strong acting saves predictable, sentimental love story.‎ ‎ “Five Feet Apart”is based on the best-selling YA novel about Will（Cole Sprouse）and Stella（Haley Lu Richardson），two hospitalized 17-year-olds with cystic fibrosis（囊胞性纤维症）who fall in love. The story promotes treasuring those closest to you and has themes of perseverance and empathy.（115 minutes）‎ ‎60. If you are hooked on science fictions, which movie will you prefer according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. WONDER PARK B. NANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE ‎ C. FIVE FEET APART D. CAPTIVE STATE ‎61. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. It’s appropriate to watch the film“Captive State”with a younger sister aged 5.‎ ‎ B. The movie“Wonder Park”can teach you to be brave enough to face fear.‎ ‎ C. It’s advisable of you to watch“Five Feet Apart”if you are free for one and half hours.‎ ‎ D.“Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase”is adapted from a best-selling novel.‎ ‎62. After reading the passage, we can _____.‎ ‎ A. know about the background of the film production ‎ B. learn about the popularity of these films ‎ C. gain a thorough understanding of the films ‎ D. have the best option for the film we want C ‎ The company that revolutionized the delivery of information now aims to do the same with electricity. Technology powerhouse Google today announced it would spend "tens of millions" of dollars next year in research and development and investments in an effort to drive down the cost of large-scale renewable energy to make it cheaper than coal. Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE