湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析 28页

- 1 - 炎德·英才大联考 雅礼中学 2020 届高考模拟卷（二） 英语试题 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Mini Cooper introduced its fastest street legal model yet at the Los Angeles Auto Show this week. Mini has already decided that the car number 0001 will go to a customer in the United States, but hasn’t decided yet how to choose who will get it. It will not be decided through an auction (拍卖). said Mike Peyton, Mini’s vice president for the Americas. On this Mini John Cooper Works GP, the fender flares (轮眉) are made from carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. The material is recycled waste left over from the production of BMW i3 and i8. The rear wing is actually two wings combined and provides downforce at the back of the car to keep it pressed to the ground at high speeds. The turbocharged four-cylinder engine is the most powerful that has ever been used in a Mini. It has 75 horsepower more than the next most-powerful Mini John Cooper Works model. The John Cooper Works GP has a special eight-speed automatic transmission, according to the company. It also has paddle shifters (换档器) on the steering wheel so the driver can shift modes by hand. To save weight, the car only has front seats which are special light weight sports seats. There’s no choice of paint color on this Mini Cooper. The cars will be painted in Racing Gray, with the mirrors finished in Melting Silver. The cars are named for John Cooper, a racing driver and race car designer who worked with the British Motor Corporation to create performance versions of the original Minis in the 1960s. Those cars became extremely popular with car racers. Details: Engine power: 301 horsepower - 2 - Top speed: 165 miles an hour Amount: 3000 Time of production: July, 2020 Price: starting about: $45,000 1. What makes this Mini Cooper environment friendly? A. Parts of it are made from waste. B. It’s completely powered by electricity. C. Its fender flares are produced by BMW. D. Its ownership won’t be decided through an auction. 2. The new Mini Cooper doesn’t provide ________. A. manual shifters B. backseats C. back wings D. automatic modes 3. We can know from the passage that the new Mini Cooper ________. A. is designed by John Cooper B. mainly aims at car racers C. is not yet on the market D. will be produced in the British Motor Corporation 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了宝马汽车旗下的 Mini 牌新推出的限量款汽车。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“On this Mini John Cooper Works GP, the fender flares (轮 眉) are made from carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. The material is recycled waste left over from the production of BMW i3 and i8. ”Mini John Cooper 的轮眉是用碳纤 维增强塑料制成的，这种材料是从宝马 i3 和 i8 生产过程中回收的废料。由此可知，Mini Cooper 的一部分材料是由废物制成的，这让它变得环保。故选 A 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“To save weight, the car only has front seats which are special light weight sports seats.”为了节省重量，该车只有前座，这是特殊的轻型运动座椅。 - 3 - 由此可知，这辆车不提供后排座椅。故选 B 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Time of production: July, 2020”制造时间：2020 年 7 月。由此可知， 这款车的制造时间是 2020 年 7 月，故目前还没有投入市场。故选 C 项。 【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从 原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会 明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文 章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第 2 题，根据第三 段“To save weight, the car only has front seats which are special light weight sports seats.”为了节省重量，该车只有前座，这是特殊的轻型运动座椅。由此可知，这辆车不提 供后排座椅。故选 B 项。 B When Mike Mushaw decided to join the national bone marrow (骨髓) registry nearly three years ago, he never ready gave it a second thought. After all, he did it only because his college, football coach had encouraged him and his teammates to register. But about six months after the sign-up, he did get a call. The now 21-year-old linebacker’s bone marrow matched a patient in Virginia. Mushaw had to decide whether to go all in. It would mean spending a night in the hospital and undergoing general anesthesia, which carries some risk. And he’d likely never know whether his donation worked. “Once they took 17 vials (试管) of blood, I was like, ‘All right this is real. This is going to happen.’” His donation went to a five-month-old girl named Eleanor who was sick with a rare immune-deficiency disease that was diagnosed when she was only three month old. Eleanor had rarely left her house other than to travel to the hospital or the doctor. “Eleanor was going to die without a bone marrow transplant,” her mother, Jessica, told NBC. Still, there was no guarantee of success. Eleanor’s family had hoped that she would have some improvement from the transplant, enough to live a more normal, life. Instead, after a few weeks, the doctors at Children’s National Hospital in Washington, D.C., came back with shocking news: Eleanor’s condition hadn’t just - 4 - improved—Mushaw’s bone marrow had cured her. Mushaw didn’t know any of this until months after his donation. In most cases, the donor and recipient remain anonymous to each other. But about six months after the procedure, Eleanor’s parents sent him an e-mail to thank him for saving her life. “When they told me it was a little girl, I got a little choked up,” Mushaw says. But their surprising connection was only beginning. Mushaw asked whether he and Eleanor could FaceTime regularly so he could check on her progress. “It was amazing to watch her and be a part of her life,” he says. Eleanor kept tabs on him, too, by watching his football games on TV. Mushaw often invited her family to drive from Virginia to Connecticut to meet at his games where tiny shouts of “Mike! Mike!” could be heard from the stands as the little girl cheered on her very own hero. “I had waited by that point well over a year to finally give a hug to this guy who saved my daughter’s life,” Jessica says. “We felt like we were on cloud nine all weekend getting to spend time with him and have him be with Eleanor.” In January, Mushaw reunited with Eleanor, this time in Virginia, to celebrate her birthday. It will likely be the first of many celebrations together. “As a parent, it feels really great to watch someone love your kid as much as you do,” Jessica says. We were two complete strangers, and now we’ve become such a big part of each other’s lives.” 4. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Mushaw decided to join the national bone marrow registry on his own. B. Mushaw was unwilling to donate his bone marrow. C. Mushaw at first wondered whether his donation would work. D. Mushaw signed up the bone marrow registry at 21. 5. What does the underlined phrase “kept tabs on” in paragraph 5 mean? A. pay a price to B. pay close attention to C. keep a record of D. keep pace with 6. What can we know about Eleanor from the article? A. Eleanor was often taken out to travel before deceiving the donation. B. Eleanor’s family was certain that she could be cured with the donation. - 5 - C. Eleanor was excited when watching Mike’s football game. D. Eleanor first saw Mushaw when Mushaw went to Virginia to celebrate her birthday. 7. Which is the best title for the article? A. A Little Life Saved, A Big Friend Made B. A Medical Miracle C. A Lucky Transplant D. Donation Working, Girl Saved 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Mike Mushaw 的骨髓与一位患有一种罕见免疫缺陷疾病且只 有五个月大的小女孩配对成功。他不仅救了这个小女孩，并与小女孩的一家建立了深厚的友 谊。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And he’d likely never know whether his donation worked.(而且他可能永远也不知道他的捐助是否有效。)”可知，起初 Mushaw 怀疑他的捐献 是否能奏效。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段““It was amazing to watch her and be a part of her life,” he says.(他说:“看着她，成为她生活的一部分，真是太棒了。”)”和划线词后面的“too, by watching his football games on TV.”Eleanor 经常在电视上看他踢足球，可知，Eleanor 也密切关注着他。可以猜测 kept tabs on 为“密切关注”之意。故选 B。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Mushaw often invited her family to drive from Virginia to Connecticut to meet at his games where tiny shouts of “Mike! Mike!” could be heard from the stands as the little girl cheered on her very own hero.” 可知，小女孩为她自己的英雄 Mike 欢呼时，看台上都能听到。从而推断出，Eleanor 看 Mike 的足球比赛时很兴奋。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章讲述了 Mike Mushaw 的骨髓与一位患有一种罕见的免 疫缺陷疾病且只有五个月大的小女孩配对成功。他不仅救了这个小女孩，并与小女孩的一家 - 6 - 建立了深厚的友谊。所以用“A Little Life Saved, A Big Friend Made”(拯救小生命，获 得大友谊)作为文章的标题最为合适。故选 A。 C Over the last 50 years, illegal trade in wildlife has become one of the greatest threats to our natural world. Traffickers (贩子) are exploiting communities in developing areas, driving them to illegally hunt down animals for their body parts. These criminal networks only pay a tiny portion of the final price they get for the animals they receive. Beautiful animals are shipped off to faraway markets, whole or apart. Angry? We’ve barely started yet. The animal parts are being shipped along with weapons, drugs, even people". These heartless profiteers don’t care about the destruction they cause. Live animals are hidden during transport with no thought for their survival. Many of them don’t make it. Perhaps it’s a mercy when traffickers choose to kill and freeze the animals, before hiding them in the containers the size of a small bus. It’s not one or two animals here and there—it’s entire species that we are seeing driven towards extinction, lost forever from our global heritage. And for one reason alone: to put more money in the pockets of these criminals—whatever the cost. Now, humans reap as they have sown. COVID-19 has “affected us all. It’s breaking our economies. It has sealed us in our homes and is attacking the weakest among us. In a short period? almost every person on the planet has been affected and we still don’t know the final toll. The source could well be these criminal profiteers. We don’t know for certain how the pandemic started. Some scientists suggest that the disease might have been transferred to a person from a pangolin (穿山甲) being traded illegally in one of these markets—these are most trafficked mammals in the world, with over a million consumed by the trade since 2000. Yet we would never have imagined that these markets for body parts of wild animals would affect us in this way. It’s time to say “enough”. Dr, Rebecca Drury, Head of Wildlife Trade at Fauna & Flora International (FFI) says, We would like to see stronger action to stop illegal hunting, trafficking and consumption of illegally- - 7 - sourced wildlife. It is no longer an option to ignore the dangers of illegal and unregulated wildlife trade and consumption, to human health and to healthy, functioning ecosystems needed for life on earth to thrive. We must ensure that the lessons from COVID-19 pandemic are applied to prevent repeats of this global crisis. The governments of the world are doing what they can. But while bans are put in place, the greedy individuals driving the trafficking will try to use their illegal networks to keep selling, lining their pockets until they are stopped. It’s precisely because this is a trade that happens in the shadows, so we must stop it at source. That’s why FFI is raising funds—to help put a stop to this mean trade. To do so they are asking readers of The-Week to make an urgent contribution today. 8. What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. Most of the live animals can’t survive the long trip. B. Most of the live animals were killed and frozen during the trip. C. Generally, the animal parts won’t shipped along with drugs or people. D. Traffickers will give it a second thought when considering the cost of the trafficking. 9. What does the author want to convey mainly in Paragraph 3? A. Humans are paying a price for the illegal animal trafficking. B. COVID-19 has brought disasters to humans. C. COVID-19 originates from the pangolin. D. Scientists have known the transferring path of COVID-19. 10. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Dr Rebecca Drury suggests stopping the trade of wildlife. B. The most trafficked mammals in the world are the pangolin. C. FFI is trying to find the source of the illegal wildlife trade. D. Humans can prevent global crisis if they stop the illegal wildlife trade. 11. What is the purpose of the article? A. To show us millions of endangered animals are being cruelly killed. B. To confirm illegal wildlife trade threatens some of our beloved animals. - 8 - C. To discuss how to stop the trafficking. D. To call on immediate action to end the illegal wildlife trade. 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了非法野生动物交易对全人类的危害—新冠病毒的爆发，并呼吁 人们采取措施停止此行为。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Live animals are hidden during transport with no thought for their survival. Many of them don’t make it. Perhaps it’s a mercy when traffickers choose to kill and freeze the animals, before hiding them in the containers the size of a small bus. ”可知，贩毒者不会考虑动物的生存，在运输过程中把它们隐藏起来。贩 毒者选择杀死并冷冻这些动物，然后把它们藏在一辆小巴士大小的集装箱里，这也许是一种 仁慈。故选 A。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now, humans reap as they have sown. COVID-19 has “affected us all. It’s breaking our economies.”可知，此段主旨为人类自作自受，野生动物的非 法交易引起了全球的疫情—新冠病毒。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some scientists suggest that the disease might have been transferred to a person from a pangolin (穿山甲) being traded illegally in one of these markets—these are most trafficked mammals in the world, with over a million consumed by the trade since 2000.”可知，穿山甲是世界上被贩卖最多的哺乳动物，故选 B。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We must ensure that the lessons from COVID-19 pandemic are applied to prevent repeats of this global crisis.”可知，我们必须确保吸取 COVID-19 大流行的教训，防止这一全球危机重演；再根据最后一段“To do so they are asking readers of The-Week to make an urgent contribution today.”可知，作者是在呼吁人们立即采取 行动，结束非法野生动物交易。故选 D。 D - 9 - There is a truth generally acknowledged by drivers in India, honk your horn (按 喇叭) loud enough and the traffic light will surely change to green. But, fed up with the drivers who have no patience and cause a deafening noise every time they are forced to stop, the police in Mumbai have come up with a new system to punish those people. The new system, said the police, was quite simple: “Honk more, wait more.” Known as “the punishing signal”, the Mumbai police fixed a new traffic light system to deal with the problem of “reckless honkers”, which resets the red traffic signal every time the sound of car horns goes above 85 decibels. For particularly honk- happy drivers, it could mean a very long wait at the lights. Mumbai was recently listed as the fourth most congested city in the world, according to the TomTom traffic index, with 65% congestion and drivers spending an average of eight days and 17 hours in traffic each year. Speaking to local media, Mumbai traffic police commissioner Madhukar Pandey said, “Sadly, many Mumbaikars are addicted to reckless honking which not only causes noise pollution, but hurts eardrums, increases heart rates, causes stress and adds to traffic disturbance.” He added, “All recognize it, but do little to control it. With this, I am sure that our road discipline can become better and the new system ensures honk-less, noise-free and stress free travel on Mumbai roads.” The idea, which was tested in November and December, 2019, has already gained momentum and there is a plan for rolling it out in other cities in India. Across the country, Indian cities have the worst traffic in the world. Bangalore was recently named as the world’s most congested city, with drivers spending an average of 10 days stuck in traffic, while both Delhi and Pune were also in the top 10. 12. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. Mumbai’s traffic jam is very serious B. overusing horns causes harm to the economy C. Mumbai drivers doubt the new traffic light system D. the new traffic light system works as soon as drivers honk 13. What information can you get from Madhukar Pandey’s words? A. The new traffic light system has many disadvantages. - 10 - B. He thinks that the new traffic system is useful. C. It is too late to carry out the new traffic light system. D. It’s difficult to deal with overuse of horns in Mumbai. 14. According to the last paragraph, we can know that ________. A. the new traffic system works well B. Delhi’s traffic condition is better than that of Pune C. the new traffic system will be spread around the world D. people of Bangalore like to honk their horns when driving 15. What is the best title for this passage? A. Mumbai Rewarded Patient Drivers B. Mumbai Warns Honk-happy Drivers by Traffic Lights C. Honk-happy Drivers Will Have No Way to Drive D. “Honk More. Wait More”: Mumbai Tests Traffic Lights 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道。印度的司机们总是在等红灯时狂按喇叭，以为这样就可以让交通灯尽 早变绿。为了惩治这种行为，孟买警方新推出了一套交通灯系统，当汽车喇叭声超过 85 分贝 时，红色交通信号灯就会被重置，司机需要等待更长时间才能通过。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mumbai was recently listed as the fourth most congested city in the world, according to the TomTom traffic index, with 65% congestion and drivers spending an average of eight days and 17 hours in traffic each year.”可 知孟买最近被列为全球第四大拥堵城市，拥堵率达到 65%，司机每年平均堵车时间长达 8 天零 17 小时。由此判断孟买的交通堵塞问题非常严重。故选 A 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“With this, I am sure that our road discipline can become better and the new system ensures honk-less, noise-free and stress free travel on Mumbai roads.”可知 Madhukar Pandey 说有了这个新系统，希望我们的行车规矩能更好，确 保孟买的道路上喇叭声减少，无噪音，无压力。对新系统有这么大的期望，说明他认为新的 交通系统很有用。故选 B 项。 - 11 - 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The idea, which was tested in November and December, 2019, has already gained momentum and there is a plan for rolling it out in other cities in India.”可知这个新系统在去年 11 月和 12 月进行了试行，收效良好，并有计划 将在印度其他城市推广（这个新系统）。也就是说这个新的交通系统运行良好。故选 A 项。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a truth generally acknowledged by …a new system to punish those people. The new system, said the police, was quite simple: “Honk more, wait more.”可知第一段介绍孟买警方受够了不耐烦的司机每次被迫停车时制造的震 耳欲聋的喇叭声，因而打造了一个新系统来惩罚那些不能在红绿灯前安静等待的人。后面几 段介绍了这个新的交通灯系统的运作方式以及取得的效果。因此，D 项（喇叭按得越多，等红 灯的时间越长：孟买测试了新的交通灯）最能概括本文大意，适合做本文的标题。故选 D 项。 第二节(共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here are my favorite tips for staying physically, mentally and emotionally healthy during the winter months. Vacation not included. _____16_____ Raise your vitamin D levels naturally (without pills or sunlight). We’ve all heard about the marvels of vitamin D: heart health, skin health, immune health, mental health… But you don’t need to take pills or risk skin cancer to get high vitamin D levels. The big secret is that vitamin D levels are associated with healthy lifestyle changes. For example, if you lose just 5 percent or more of your body weight, your vitamin D blood levels will shoot up. Vitamin D likes to stay in fatty tissue, so when you lose fat, the vitamin D levels in your blood go up. _____17_____. And when you eat your wild salmon, bake it rather than fry it. Other good food sources are trout, mushrooms and egg yolks, and my favorite, plain Greek yogurt. _____18_____ Winter can be a tough time for many of us. All that darkness can take its toll on our mental health. The winter months can be very isolating for many people. My suggestion is that you and a close friend sign up for yoga, cooking or sewing class. _____19_____ Eat more plants—the ones that are sources of omega-3 fatty acids. According to - 12 - the famous Harvard Nurses’ Health Study, there was no relation between depression and intake of omega-3 fatty acids from fish, _____20_____. And again, the wintertime is when many people have a higher risk of depression. A. Take a class with a friends B. but they did find a reduced risk of depression in those with moderate intake of plant-based omega-3 fatty acids C. Isolate yourself during wintertime D. The following three simple suggestions are things that anyone can do easily and inexpensively to stave off the winter blues and sniffles (鼻塞). E. Not only do these kinds of classes improve your mental and physical fitness, but they help to fill that social craving (渴望) that we have as human beings, too F. and there was no evidence to show the benefit of plants G. Other ways to increase vitamin D naturally are to lower your cholesterol (胆固 醇) exercise and eat more fatty fish, such as wild salmon 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要给出了赶走冬季抑郁、保持身心健康的建议。 【16 题详解】 空前提到“这儿有一些我最喜欢的冬天在身体上，精神上和情感上保持健康的小建议。”，D 项中的“suggestions”与上文中的“tips”呼应，且 D 项“下面是三个任何人都能很容易， 并便宜地做到的事情，来避开冬季抑郁和鼻塞”承上启下，符合语境。故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 本段的主题句是“Raise your vitamin D levels naturally(自然地提高维生素 D 含量)”， 空前提到“增加维生素 D 含量的秘密在于健康生活方式的改变”，G 项“其他自然增加维生素 D 的方法是降低胆固醇，锻炼和多吃富含脂肪的鱼类，比如野生鲑鱼”承接上文，且与主题句 一致。故选 G 项。 【18 题详解】 本空位于段首，是段落主题句。根据本段内容尤其是“My suggestion is that you and a close friend sign up for yoga, cooking or sewing class.(我的建议是你和一个好朋友报名瑜 伽，烹饪或者缝纫课)”可知，A 项“和朋友去上课”切题。故选 A 项。 - 13 - 【19 题详解】 空前提到“我的建议是你和一个好朋友报名瑜伽，烹饪或者缝纫课”，E 项“这些种类的课程 不仅能提高你精神和身体健康，它们也能帮助满足我们作为人类的社交渴望”是讲述前文提 到的课程的好处，符合语境，且 E 项中“these kinds of classes”与空前一句中的“yoga, cooking or sewing class”呼应。故选 E 项。 【20 题详解】 本段主题句是“Eat more plants—the ones that are sources of omega-3 fatty acids.(多 吃蔬菜——是ω-3 脂肪酸的来源的那些蔬菜)”，B 项“但是他们确实发现摄入适量的植物性 ω-3 脂肪酸能降低抑郁风险”是说ω-3 脂肪酸的好处，与主题句一致，且与空前的分句“抑 郁和来自鱼类的ω-3 脂肪酸之间没有联系”是转折关系。故选 B 项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 Near the Nebraska border lies the little town of Monowi. It is so small that, if you know the mayor, the treasurer (会计), and the _____21_____, you would know the _____22_____ town of Monowi. Not only that, but you would know the one person that comprises (构成) the entire _____23_____, Elsie Eiler. Monowi has not always been this _____24_____ populated. _____25_____ in 1902, the town’s population was well over 100 people in the 1920s and 1930s. The town had its own post office, two banks, a church, rows of houses, and _____26_____ a high school. _____27_____, Monowi lost farmers who could no longer _____28_____ during the Great Depression and were thus _____29_____ to move to the places where they could make a living. Elsie moved to this town with her husband in 1971. At that time, there were about 25 residents. Later, these _____30_____ moved out. More than two years ago, her husband, the _____31_____ mayor of the town, died of cancer. Elsie, who is now in her seventies, decided to _____32_____ here. Now she is the mayor, and also the _____33_____ resident of the town. A white metal house is the only habitable building and is home to the town library - 14 - of 5,000 books. Elsie manages the library since to run a library was her husband’s _____34_____. Elsie also _____35_____ a bar. People who _____36_____ the town sometimes come for a _____37_____. The work in the bar keeps Elsie busy. Elsie has a son named Jack, but Jack is living outside the town with his family. People often ask Elsie if she feels _____38_____, but one of her friends that _____39_____ her well said, “Elsie is living a perfect life. Living in Monowi, she knows what peace and _____40_____ is.” 21. A. guide B. librarian C. headmaster D. lawyer 22. A. whole B. mysterious C. poor D. separate 23. A. population B. class C. industry D. society 24. A. heavily B. strangely C. independently D. thinly 25. A. Gathered B. Destroyed C. Founded D. Invented 26. A. even B. still C. almost D. then 27. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Meanwhile D. However 28. A. make it up B. make ends meet C. make a difference D. make a contribution 29. A. allowed B. forced C. attracted D. intended 30. A. guests B. visitors C. neighbors D. relatives 31. A. former B. would-be C. short D. brave 32. A. develop B. leave C. settle down D. stay 33. A. oldest B. temporary C. only D. extra 34. A. career B. wish C. choice D. campaign 35. A. relies on B. supports C. operates D. involves 36. A. live in B. pass by C. belong to D. return to 37. A. visit B. talk C. drink D. date 38. A. bored B. special C. tired D. lonely 39. A. helps B. admires C. recognizes D. knows 40. A. happiness B. loneliness C. wealth D. depression - 15 - 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。Elsie Eiler 是小镇莫诺维的市长、财务主管和图书管理员，也是这个小镇 的唯一居民。人们经常会问她是否孤独，其实她在这里过着完美的生活，知道什么是和平和 幸福。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是如此之小，如果你认识市长、财务主管和图书管理员，你就 会认识整个莫诺维镇（的人）了。 A. guide 指南；向导；B. librarian 图书管理员；C. headmaster 校长；D. lawyer 律师。根据后文“Elsie manages the library”可知作为这 个小镇唯一的居民，Elsie Eiler 还是这个小镇的图书管理员，故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是如此之小，如果你认识市长、财务主管和图书管理员，你 就会认识整个莫诺维镇（的人）了。 A. whole 整个的；B. mysterious 神秘的；不可思议 的；C. poor 贫穷的；D. separate 单独的。根据后文“Elsie moved to this town with her husband in 1971. At that time,… mayor of the town, died of cancer.”可知 1971 年， Elsie 和丈夫搬到了这个小镇。当时，大约有 25 名居民。后来，这些人搬走了。两年多前， 她的丈夫死于癌症。这说明 Elsie 是这个小镇唯一的居民，这意味着这里提到的各种角色包 括市长，财务主管和图书管理员都只能是 Elsie 一人担任，如果你认识市长、财务主管和图 书管理员也就是 Elsie，你就会认识整个莫诺维镇的人。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，你还会认识组成小镇所有人口的人--Elsie Eiler。A. population 人口，人口数量；B. class 班级；C. industry 工业; 生产制造; 行业；D. society 社会。根据后文“Elsie moved to this town with her husband in 1971. At that time,… mayor of the town, died of cancer.”可知 1971 年，Elsie 和丈夫搬到了这个小镇。当时， 大约有 25 名居民。后来，这些人搬走了。两年多前，她的丈夫死于癌症。这说明 Elsie 是这 里唯一的居民，一个人组成了小镇的所有人口，故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：莫诺威的人口并不总是这么稀少。A. heavily 在很大程度上; 大 - 16 - 量地;B. strangely 奇怪；C. independently 独立地；D. thinly 薄薄地; 稀疏地。根 据前文“but you would know the one person that comprises the entire population , Elsie Eiler.”可知 Elsie Eiler 一个人组成小镇所有的人口，小镇的人口非常稀少。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该镇创建于 1902 年，20 世纪 20 年代和 30 年代（小镇的）人口超 过 100 人。A. Gathered 聚集；B. Destroyed 摧毁；C. Founded 建立；D. Invented 发明。 本段在讲小镇的历史，该镇创建于 1902 年，故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：镇上有自己的邮局，两家银行，一座教堂，一排排的房子，甚至 还有一所高中。 A. even 甚至；B. still 仍然；C. almost 几乎；差不多；D. then 接着。 根据前文“the town’s population was well over 100 people in the 1920s and 1930s” 可知小镇人口最多也才超过 100 人，因此拥有一所高中是比较出乎意料的，even（甚至）用 在此处符合语境。故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，莫诺维失去了许多农民，这些农民在大萧条期间无法维持 生计，被迫搬到他们能够谋生的地方。A. Therefore 因此；B. Otherwise 否则； C. Meanwhile 与此同时；D. However 然而。根据前文“Founded in 1902, the town’s population was well over 100 people in the …even a high school.”可知小镇人口曾 经也超过 100 人，也有自己的邮局，银行甚至高中，还是比较繁华的，根据后文“Monowi lost farmers who could no longer during the Great Depression and were thus forced to move to the places where they could make a living.”可知小镇的很多农民在大萧条期 间搬去别的地方谋生。前后文是转折关系，故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查词组辨析。句意：然而，莫诺维失去了许多农民，这些农民在大萧条期间无法维持生计， 被迫搬到他们能够谋生的地方。A. make it up 弥补；B. make ends meet 使收支平衡；C. make a difference 有影响; 起(重要)作用；D. make a contribution 做出贡献。根据“the Great Depression”可知这是在经济大萧条期间，结合后文“were thus to move to the places where they could make a living.”可知这些农民搬去别的地方谋生，这说明大萧条期间这 些农民在这个小镇没有办法维持收支平衡。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 - 17 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，莫诺维失去了许多农民，这些农民在大萧条期间无法维持 生计，被迫搬到他们能够谋生的地方。A. allowed 允许；B. forced 强迫；C. attracted 吸 引；D. intended 计划，打算。根据前文 “who could no longer make ends meet during the Great Depression”可知这些农民在大萧条期间没办法维持生计，所以被迫离开自己的 家，搬到他们能够谋生的地方。故选 B 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，这些邻居搬走了。A. guests 客人；B. visitors 来访者； 参观者；C. neighbors 邻居；D. relatives 亲戚。根据前文“At that time, there were about 25 residents.”可知 Elsie 和丈夫搬到这个小镇时，除了他们大约有 25 名居民。这些居民 都是他们的邻居。故选 C 项。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两年多前，她的丈夫、该镇的前任市长死于癌症。A. former 以前的; (两者中) 前者的; B. would-be (形容想要成为…的人) 未来的; C. short 短 暂的；D. brave 勇敢的。根据前文“Later, these neighbors moved out.”可知随后， Elsie 的邻居都搬走了，只剩下她和她的丈夫。根据后文“Now she is the mayor,”可知 Elsie 现在是小镇的市长，结合前后文可以推知在 Elsie 丈夫在世时，她的丈夫是市长，丈夫去世 后，她就变成了市长。也就是她的丈夫是小镇的前任市长。故选 A 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在已经七十多岁的埃尔西决定留在这里。A. develop 发展；B. leave 离开；C. settle down 安定下来；D. stay 停留; 待。根据后文“Now she is the mayor.”可知 Elsie 选择留在了小镇上。故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在她是市长，也是镇上唯一的居民。A. oldest 最古老的； 年纪最大的；B. temporary 短暂的; 暂时的; C. only 唯一的；D. extra 额外的。根 据前文“Later, these neighbors moved out. More than two years ago, her husband, the former mayor of the town, died of cancer.”可知小镇的人都走了，她的丈夫也去世了， Elsie 是小镇唯一的居民。故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elsie 管理着图书馆，因为经营图书馆是她丈夫的愿望。A. career 事业；B. wish 愿望；C. choice 选择； D. campaign 运动，战役。因为经营图书馆是她丈 - 18 - 夫的愿望，Elsie 才管理着图书馆。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Elsie 还经营着一家酒吧。 A. relies on 依靠；B. supports 支 持；C. operates 使运行；操作；D. involves 包含；牵涉到。根据后文“The work in the bar keeps Elsie busy.”可知酒吧的工作让 Elsie 很忙，这说明 Elsie 还经营着一家酒吧。 故选 C 项。 【36 题详解】 考查词组辨析。句意：路过镇上的人有时来喝一杯。A. live in 居住在；B. pass by 经过； C. belong to 属于；D. return to 回到。Elsie 是小镇唯一的居民，所以来小镇的人只能 是路过小镇，而不是住在或回到小镇的人。故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：路过镇上的人有时来喝一杯。 A. visit 拜访；参观；B. talk 谈话；C. drink 一口(饮料); 酒；D. date 注明日期。根据后文“The work in the bar keeps Elsie busy.”可知酒吧的工作让 Elsie 很忙，这说明路过小镇的人会来喝酒，故选 C 项。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们经常问她是否感到孤独，但她的一个很了解她的朋友 说:“Elsie 过着完美的生活。住在莫诺维，她知道什么是和平与幸福。”A. bored 无聊的； B. special 特殊的；C. tired 疲惫的；D. lonely 孤独的。Elsie 一个人在小镇中生活， 所以人们应该会经常问她是否会感到孤独。故选 D 项。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们经常问她是否感到孤独，但她的一个很了解她的朋友 说:“Elsie 过着完美的生活。住在莫诺维，她知道什么是和平与幸福。”A. helps 帮助；B. admires 欣赏；C. recognizes 承认；D. knows 知道，了解。根据朋友所说的“Elsie is living a perfect life”可知朋友知道 Elsie 一个人的生活也很完美，这位朋友一定很了解 她，才会说出这样的话，故选 D 项。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们经常问她是否感到孤独，但她的一个很了解她的朋友 说:“Elsie 过着完美的生活。住在莫诺维，她知道什么是和平与幸福。”A. happiness 幸福； B. loneliness 孤独；C. wealth 财富；D. depression 抑郁; 沮丧。根据前文“Elsie is living a perfect life.”可知 Elsie 过着完美的生活，这说明她很和平和幸福，知道什么是和平与 - 19 - 幸福。故选 A 项。 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change _____41_____ coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very _____42_____ (exist) of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level, the damage _____43_____ (cause) by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a habitat _____44_____ birds and other species that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are _____45_____ (quick) dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life, _____46_____ the destruction of such species prevents researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the local water and _____47_____ (poison) the world’s groundwater in the future. The loss of shade trees is gradually causing _____48_____ slight change in the world’s climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. It is obvious that _____49_____ (grow) much full-sun coffee affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind ______50______ (be) surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 【答案】41. that 42. existence 43. caused 44. for 45. quickly - 20 - 46. but 47. will poison 48. a 49. growing 50. is 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。主要讲到通过全日照生产的咖啡豆会对我们生活带来许多负面影响。 【41 题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：咖啡从阴凉生长到全日照生产的转变危及到某些动物和鸟类的生存， 甚至扰乱了世界的生态平衡。在这句话中 change 所引导了一个从句，通过句意我们可以知道， 这里从句所讲述的内容就是转变的内容，因此我们可以推断出这里时一个同位语从句，然后 这里只起引导作用。故此题填 that。 【42 题详解】 考查名词。句意见上一题。通过空格前面的定冠词 the 我们可以知道，空格处应该要填名词。 exist 的名词为 existence，并且是一个不可数名词。故此题填 existence。 【43 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在地方层面上，全天阳光照射造成的损害影响了该地区的鸟类和动 物。在这句话中已经有了谓语动词 affects，所以这里为非谓语动词作定语。伤害和引起为被 动关系，所以是过去分词作后置定语。故此题填 caused。 【44 题详解】 考查介词。句意：森林树木的树荫为鸟类和其他依赖树木花果的物种提供了栖息地。在这句 话中所表达的意思是为鸟类提供，那么“为……提供”我们使用 provide…for 这一结构。故 此题填 for。 【45 题详解】 考查副词。句意：结果，许多物种正在快速灭绝。在这里是要对 dying out 这一个动词词组 进行修饰，所以需要用副词来修饰。故此题填 quickly。 【46 题详解】 考查连词。句意：医学研究经常利用森林中的动植物生命，但这种物种的毁灭使研究人员无 法找到治疗某些疾病的方法。通过句意可知，这里作者想要表达转折关系，所以需要用连词 but。故此题填 but。 【47 题详解】 考查时态。句意：此外，新的咖啡种植技术正在毒害当地的水，并将在未来毒害全世界的地 - 21 - 下水。句中表达了新的咖啡种植技术正在毒害当地的谁，但是全世界的水暂时还没有毒害， 在未来会遭到新技术的毒害，所以这里用一般将来时。然后技术和毒害是主动关系。故此题 填 will poison。 【48 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：树荫的消失正逐渐导致世界气候的轻微变化。在这里的轻微变化作者并没 有具体说明，所以是泛指要用不定冠词。此外 slight 是以辅音音素开头的。故此题填 a。 【49 题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：很明显，种植全日照咖啡会影响生活的方方面面，从当地环境到全球生 态。在这句话中是终止许多全日照咖啡作主语，所以将 grow 变为动名词 growing 作主语。故 此题填 growing。 【50 题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：地球和人类未来的健康肯定比一杯便宜的咖啡更有价值。地球和人类 未来的健康这是一个经常性的状态所以要用一般现在时。主语是 future，则谓语需要用单数。 故此题填 is。 第四部分 写作(共三节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 In our daily life, we unavoidably come across various challenge now and then. For me, the biggest challenge happens when I entered senior high school. I was shocking to find the physics teacher was teaching was totally beyond me. Thinking I just lacked a gift for physics, I stopped to making an effort and my grades were poor. Unfortunately, my teacher didn’t give up on me. Instead, he helped me analyse a problem and I realized I needed to rise to the challenge bravely. Now, I’m one of the top students in physics. - 22 - From my experience, I have learned that it is not our inborn gifts and our efforts that helps us achieve success. When we come across challenges, you should fight bravely instead of giving up. 【答案】1. challenge → challenges 2. happens → happened 3. shocking → shocked 4. find 后面加 what 5. stopped 后面删掉 to 6. Unfortunately → Fortunately 7. a problem → the/my problem 8. gifts 后面的 and → but 9. helps → help 10. you → we 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己高中的经历告诉我们，成功不是靠天赋，而是靠努力，当我 们遇到挑战时，应该勇敢地战斗而不是放弃。 【详解】第一处：考查名词单复数。challenge 为可数名词，根据定语 various 可知这里指的 是“各种各样的挑战”，表达的是复数意义，故将 challenge 改成 challenges。 第二处：考查时态。根据时间状语 when I entered senior high school 可知这里是关于作 者上高中的事情，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故将 happens 改成 happened。 第三处：考查形容词。句意：我震惊地发现物理老师教的东西完全超出了我的理解力。shocking 意为“令人震惊的”，而 shocked 意为“感到震惊的”，描述的是一种情感。根据句意，这 里要表达的是“我感到震惊”，应该用 shocked 而不是 shocking。故将 shocking 改成 shocked. 第四处：考查名词性从句。分析可知 find 后有个宾语从句，在宾语从句中 the physics teacher was teaching 做主语是一个主语从句，这个主语从句缺少一个引导词。分析可知引导词在主 语从句中做 teach 的宾语，故要用 what 引导这个主语从句，且这个 what 不能省略掉。故在 find 后加 what。 第五处：考查固定搭配。stop to do sth 意为“停下来做某事(停下来去做另一件事情)”，stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事(停止手上正在做的事情)”，根据后文“my grades were poor” - 23 - 可知作者的成绩更差了，这说明作者是“停止了努力”而不是“停下来去努力”，应该用 stop doing 这个词组。故将 stopped 后的 to 去掉。 第六处：考查副词。根据后文“my teacher didn’t give up on me”可知作者的老师没放 弃作者，这是一件幸运的事，unfortunately(不幸地是)不符合语境，应该用其反义词 Fortunately（幸运地是）。故将 Unfortunately 改成 Fortunately。 第七处：考查冠词和形容词性物主代词。句意：相反的是，他帮我分析了（我的）问题，我 意识到我需要勇敢地面对挑战。根据句意，这里特指作者遇到的问题，不是泛指某个问题， 应该用定冠词 the 或者 my 修饰 problem。故将 a 改成 the/my。 第八处：考查连词。句意：从我的经历中，我知道了不是我们的天赋而是我们的努力帮助我 们获得成功。根据句意，这里要表达的是“不是我们的天赋而是我们的努力”，使用了 not…but(不是……而是)结构，故将 and 改成 but。 第九处：考查主谓一致。分析可知本句是一个强调句，that 指代的是 our efforts 表达的是 复数意义，that 从句中的谓语动词也要用复数。故将 helps 改成 help。 第十处：考查代词。根据“When we come across challenges“可知作者这里说的是“我们” 而不是“你”应该怎么样。故将 you 改成 we。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假如你是李华，你的美国笔友 Peter 得知你最近正在准备高考，特来信鼓励你，并询问高 考以后同学们对即将到来的假期的安排。请你给他写封回信。 注意：1、词数：100 词左右； 2、可以适当增加内容，以使行文连贯； 3、回信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, How is everything with you? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ - 24 - ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】I’m Li Hua, On behalf of the students, I’d like to express our heartfelt gratitude for receiving your letter to encourage us to take part in the upcoming Chinese High Kao. To express my sincere thanks, I’m writing to make some response to you about our arrangements for the coming holiday. Firstly, it is scheduled to study hard continuously to start our holiday so that we can make better preparations and promote our study in advance. Moreover, I would like to do a lot of specific activities throughout the day, because the enough and proper physical exercises can help us build our body and make us keep health. Lastly, our other students will arrange them to play basketball, if possible some will go for a football match by themselves. If possible, they hope to go and travel for a while and take other activities such as visiting museums, which will offer us more opportunities for cultural and historical knowledge. Thanks again for your kind letter. It would be highly appreciated if you could response about your cultural knowledge as early as possible at your convenience. Looking forward to your early reply. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一封感谢信的应用文。本文对友好学校的朋友询问有关假期安排的情况进行回复并询问 相关事项。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 - 25 - 要求：1.对收到来信表达感谢。 2.介绍相关情况。介绍相关的假期安排情况。 1）介绍假期开始的时间和以什么事情为假期开始的活动（what date, is scheduled to start） 增补内容：（提前做好准备，搞好每一天的学习提高成绩。Make better preparations and promote our study in advance.） 2）每天的活动安排。（specific activities）增补内容：（每天做适量的运动以保持身体健 康。Do proper exercises to keep us health.） 3) 其他学生的安排。（arrangements for others）增补内容：（如果可能，去旅游，参加一 些体育活动比如打篮球、踢足球等。if possible; travel for a while, take part in some physical exercises such as playing basketball and football.） 4) 再次表达感谢。（thanks for your letter again.） 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组及句型） is scheduled to; make better preparations; promote our study; in advance; the specific activities; do proper exercises to keep us health; during the day; arrangements for others; if possible; travel for a while; take part in; some physical exercises; such as; playing basketball and football; thanks for your letter again/ it would be highly appreciated that receive your letter again; look forward to 第三步：连词成句 I’m Li Hua, On behalf of the students, I’d like to express our heartfelt gratitude for receiving your letter to encourage us to take part in the upcoming Chinese High Kao. To express my sincere thanks, I’m writing to make some response to you about our arrangements for the coming holiday. Firstly, it is scheduled to study hard continuously to start our holiday so that we can make better preparations and promote our study in advance. - 26 - Moreover, I would like to do a lot of specific activities throughout the day, because the enough and proper physical exercises can help us build our body and make us keep health. Lastly, our other students will arrange them to play basketball, if possible some will go for a football match by themselves. If possible, they hope to go and travel for a while and take other activities such as visiting museums, which will offer us more opportunities for cultural and historical knowledge. Thanks again for your kind letter. It would be highly appreciated if you could response about your cultural knowledge as early as possible at your convenience. Looking forward to your early reply. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式: so that - 27 - 引导的目的状语从句 Firstly, it is scheduled to study hard continuously to start our holiday so that we can make better preparations and promote our study in advance. because 引导的原因状语从局 Moreover, I would like to do a lot of specific activities throughout the day, because the enough and proper physical exercises can help us build our body and make us keep health. which 引导的非限制性定语从句 If possible, they hope to go and travel for a while and take other activities such as visiting museums, which will offer us more opportunities for cultural and historical knowledge. 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。 - 28 -