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Unit 4 Global warming
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
2．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的
3．phenomenon (复数－ena) n.
现象
4．fuel n. 燃料
5．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
6．data n. 资料；数据
7．drought n. 旱灾；干旱
8．individual n. 个人；个体
adj. 单独的；个别的
9．can n. 容器；罐头
10．microwave n. 微波炉；微波
11．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
12．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
13．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
14．motor n. 发动机
15．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
16．subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾
vt. 照顾；护理
2．quantity n. 量；数量
3．glance vi. 看一下；扫视
n. 一瞥
4．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
5．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
6．range n. 种类；范围
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7．tendency n. 倾向；趋势
8．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作
9．average adj. 平均的
10．pollution n. 污染；弄脏
11．circumstance n. 环境；情况
12．flood n. 洪水；水灾
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
2．educate v．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家→education n．教育
3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
4．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．声明；陈述；表达
5．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
6．exist vi.存在→existing adj.目前的；现在的→existence n. 生存；存在
7．contribute v．贡献；撰稿→contribution n．贡献
8．consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽→consumer n．顾客
9．grow v．增长；生长→growth n．增长；生长
10．agree vi.同意→disagree vi.不同意；意见不合→agreement n．同意；协议→disagreement n．分歧
11．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricity n．电→electric adj.电的；电动的→electronic adj.电子的
1.特别“不规则”的名词复数小结
①datum→data 数据
②medium→media 媒体
③bacterium→bacteria 细菌
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象
2.与“灾难”有关的名词集锦
①flood 洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③disaster 灾难
④catastrophe 大灾难
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⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
3.“环境，情况”名词家族
①circumstance 环境；情况
②environment 环境，自然环境
③surroundings (周围的)环境/事物
④condition 状况，情况
⑤situation 形势，情况
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．come__about 发生；造成
2．subscribe__to 同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities__of 大量的
4．go__up 上升；增长；升起
5．result__in 导致
6．be__opposed__to 反对……；与……对立
7．even__if 即使
8．keep__on 继续
9．on__the__whole 大体上；基本上
10．on__behalf__of 代表……一方；作为……
的代言人
11．put__up__with 忍受；容忍
12．so__long__as 只要
13．and__so__on 等等
1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦
①keep up with 赶上
②catch up with 赶上
③end up with 以……结束
④come up with 提出
⑤put up with 忍受；容忍
⑥be fed up with 受够了
2.“be＋v.－ed＋to”短语荟萃
①be opposed to 反对；与……对立
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②be attached to 附属于
③be accustomed to 习惯于
④be addicted to 沉溺于
⑤be devoted to 奉献
⑥be sentenced to 被判处
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There__is__no__doubt__that the earth is becoming warmer...
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……
句型2：even if/though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句
Even__if__we__start__reducing__the__amount__of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
句型3：so/as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on__so__long__as__you__are__using__it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你就可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
句型4：if not引导省略句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if__not,__turn__it__off! 只要你在使用电器设备，你就可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·北京卷语法填空)Earth Day，marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental(环境的) protection.
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady(平稳的), gradual increases in the length of the runs.
3．Many experts don’t advocate(提倡，主张) rewarding your child for good behaviour.
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4．The average(平均的) temperature ranges between 23℃ and 39℃and 51% of the island is covered with forests.
5．The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstances(情况) and surroundings.
6．Quantities(quantity) of money have been spent in bringing up the children since they were married.
7．(2019·江苏卷)So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist)．
8．(2018·江苏卷)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth(grow)．
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 个人；个体
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers. 消费者
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ完形)I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we appreciate it and the gifts. 任意地；无目的地
4．(2017·江苏卷)On the Internet, people can find more information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time－saving and economical.节约的；经济的
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.随便的；随意的
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．There were a lot of disagreements among us on this issue at first，but finally we reached an agreement. (agree)
2．Thanks to the river chief system，the local rivers’ pollution has been stopped，and you cannot see any polluted water in this city.(pollute)
3．He has made steady progress in his study after he worked day and night steadily for nearly a few months. (steady)
4．They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)
5．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts，but many young children
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believe there exists all kinds of ghosts in the world.How to solve this existing problem? (exist)
6．The storm tends to hit our city，and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
7．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.(consume)
8．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from the lung cancer. Consequently,__you and your family will suffer a lot. (consequent)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
as a consequence; lead to; on average; put up with; come about; under no circumstances; a range of; as long as
According to the statistics，1.on__average,__a person produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day.The garbage pollution, which we can’t 2.put__up__with,__brings a lot of trouble to our life. Increasing pollution not only 3.leads__to serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. 4.As__a__consequence,__let’s work together to oppose any form of destruction of the environment.
As you can see, our government has taken 5.a__range__of measures to protect and improve our living surroundings. As individuals, whatever 6.comes__about,__we must protect our environment. 7.As__long__as it is possible, we’d better live a low－carbon life. 8.Under__no__circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·江苏卷书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依靠消费排名是不明智的。
There__is__no__doubt__that__it__is__unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
2．对不同的观点要有宽容的心态，即使你不喜欢它们。
Be open－minded to different opinions even__if/though__you__don’t__like__them．
3．只要你不断地练习，你就不会觉得剪纸困难。
You won’t find paper cutting difficult as/so__long__as__you__keep__practicing__it．
4．只要喜欢这份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜欢，不要做这份工作。
It is OK to accept the job so/as long as you like it.If__not,__don’t do it.
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quantity n．量；数量；数目
[基础练习]——对比填空
①As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has__covered(cover) the land.
②As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert____have__covered(cover) the land.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·天津卷书面表达)我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛，并且获了奖，因此你肯定积累了大量的经验。
I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must__have__accumulated__a__large__quantity__of/large__quantities__of__experience．
a large/small quantity of 大/少量的
large quantities of 大量的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.
就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。
[名师点津]
(1)“a quantity of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
(2)“quantities of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①However, many students and parents oppose separating(separate) students into science and art.
②The mayor is strongly opposed(oppose) to building a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by
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others.
③(高级表达)The senior students strongly oppose being treated unfairly by others.
④(高级表达)The senior students are strongly opposed__to being treated unfairly by others.
(1)oppose sth./doing sth. 反对(做)某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to (one’s) doing sth.
反对(某人)做某事
[佳句背诵] With a lot of people opposing it，the government had to postpone the new proposal.
由于许多人反对，政府不得不推迟这个新提议。
[联想发散] 表示“反对；不赞成”的表达还有：①disagree__with；②be__against；
③object__to；④hold__negative__attitudes__towards等。
consequence n．结果；后果；影响
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2017·江苏卷书面表达)Consequently(consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
②Ten years ago, thousands of people lost their lives__as__a__consequence/result__of__the__big__earthquake(因那场大地震)．
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)As a result，I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. (2017·天津卷书面表达)
(高级表达)As__a__consequence,__I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games.
(1)as a consequence/result 因此；结果
as a consequence/result of 由于……的缘故
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为
结果的
consequently 因此；结果
[佳句背诵] As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.
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结果，孩子们变得太依赖父母，以至于他们没有独立的思想和创造性的想法。
range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限 v．(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed－limiting.
②(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, __ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)He has a number of interests. They range from playing chess to swimming.
③(高级表达)He has a number of interests, which__range__from__playing__chess__to__swimming. (定语从句)
④(高级表达) He has a number of interests, ranging__from__playing__chess__to__swimming. (非谓语动词作状语)
(1)a wide range of 一系列……
beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外
within/in the range of 在射程以内；在范围内
(2)range from...to... 在……范围内变动；
range between...and... 在……和……范围内
变动
[佳句背诵] In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wide range of choices, such as travelling and visiting friends.
除了这些传统的活动，我们有广泛的选择，如旅行和拜访朋友。(辽宁卷书面表达)
average adj.平均的；普通的；平常的 n．平均数；一般水准 v．计算出……的平均数
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.
②(四川卷)The common cold is a good example: on average, women get fewer colds than men.
③I__averaged(average) out the price of meat in four neighbourhood stores and made a decision.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)所有学生每周有两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。
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All students have two PE classes a week and run for__an__average__of__20__minutes__every__day.
(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
(2)on (the) average 平均起来
above/below average 在平均水平以上/
以下
up to average 达到一般水准
(3)average out 算出平均数
[佳句背诵] As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。(天津卷)
circumstance n．环境；情况
[基础练习]——完成句子
①If__circumstances__allow/permit(如果情况允许), I will spare no effort to help you.
②In/Under__no__circumstances__did__I__expect(我绝没有预料到) that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job. (倒装)
[能力提升]——微写作
③(陕西卷书面表达)另外，惩罚绝不是一种能帮助他们在精神和身体方面健康成长的明智的选择。
Furthermore，in/under__no__circumstances__is__punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
in/under no circumstances 决不
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
[佳句背诵] It might not be a perfect solution, but it’s the best I can do under/in the circumstances.
这也许不是一个完美的解决办法，但这是在这种情况下我能做的最好的了。
result in 导致
[基础练习]——对比填空(result in；result from；as a result；as a result of)
①There is more and more noise pollution. As__a__result,__many species are dying
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out.
②As__a__result__of more and more noise pollution, many species are dying out.
③More and more noise pollution has resulted__in many species dying out.
④The fact that many species are dying out results__from more and more noise pollution.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。
Misunderstandings resulting__from__lack__of__social__communication,__if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.(分词作定语)
(1)result from 由……造成；
因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
[佳句背诵] As a result, in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job. 结果，为了丰富我的社会经验，我决定申请这份工作。
[名师点津]
(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；
(2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”；
(3)表示“导致”的词汇还有cause, lead to, contribute to等。
put up with 容忍；忍受
[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①(北京卷书面表达)A week before Earth Day, posters were__put__up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
②A suggestion has been put__forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
③We are trying to put__aside some money every month for our vacation.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t stand/bear this loud noise any more.
(高级表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t put__up__with/tolerate this loud noise any more.
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put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 收起来
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put up 提出；推荐；留某人住下
[佳句背诵] In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages. 那样，我们就不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并努力试图发现他的优点。
so/as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句
(教材P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你就可以让它开着，如果不用，就把它关掉！
[基础练习]——完成句子
①(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You can write anything relevant as/so__long__as__it’s__interesting(只要有趣) and informative.
②A distant relative is not as__good__as(和……一样好) a near neighbour.
③As__long__as__you__keep__studying__hard(只要你继续努力学习), you can improve your maths.
(1)引导条件状语从句的连词短语：
in case 如果；万一
on condition that 只要
(2)as...as的其他短语：
as well as 也；和
as soon as 一……就……
as far as 就……而言；至于
[佳句背诵] As long as we have a strong will, we will be able to overcome any difficulty.
只要我们有坚强的意志，我们就能够克服任何困难。
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Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen steadily(steady) in recent years.
2．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students refreshed(refresh) and relaxed for a while.
3．The Qinghai－Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest plateau, averaging(average) over 4，000 metres above sea level.
4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence(consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.
5．Under these circumstances(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
6．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges(range) from transportation to water saving.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being__polluted(pollute), we must do something to protect them.
2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling(pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.
3．We should do our work well to make contributions(contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.
4．Animal activists advocate that the government (should)__set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
5．In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are(be) a major source of air pollution.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulted in an increase in production.resulted→resulting
2．You may borrow the book as long as you will keep it clean.删除will
3．It always take me three hours to finish my homework.take→takes
4．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquake－stricken area.are→is
5．As we all know, games play a very important role in the grow of children.grow→growth
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)None of these seems to have much chance of
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survival.n.可能性
2．(2018·浙江卷6月完形)He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed. n．干劲；冲劲
3．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读B)Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.n.薄膜
4．All the books dealing with how to learn English well are ranged on the shelf. vt.放置
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
According to the director’s 1.statement(state), the data of this graph makes a clear 2.presentation(present) of the future environmental 3.tendency(tend). The 4.growth(grow) of a wide range of pollution has been a global trend. The mildly but 5.steadily(steady) going up of the average temperature is resulting 6.in catastrophes. Without disagreement, the scientists all agree that it is humans’ 7.existence(exist) and their activities that make a 8.contribution(contribute) to this phenomenon.
(二)
1．Consuming(consume) too much energy has made a contribution to the global warming, which many scientists have 2.subscribed(subscribe) to. With the temperature 3.tending(tend) to increase continuously, we have been advocating 4.reducing(reduce) using energy. We all hope that the problem of the global warming will be coped with one day.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你校将举办城市环保宣传活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：①垃圾现状；②提出倡议。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①很荣幸代表我的班级在此发言。
It is a great honour for me to make__a__speech__here__on__behalf__of__my__class．
②我们几乎每天能看见许多诸如塑料袋、果皮之类的垃圾漂浮在我校后面的河里。
Almost every day quantities__of__rubbish,__such as plastic bags and fruit peels can__be__seen__floating__on__the__river behind our school.
③毫无疑问是垃圾导致了河水的污染。
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There__is__no__doubt__that__the__rubbish__contributes__to/results__in__the__pollution__of__the__river.
④即使我们强调保护环境的重要性，很多人仍继续扔垃圾。
Even__if__we__stress__the__importance of protecting the environment, many__people__still__keep__on__littering．
⑤我们无法容忍并强烈反对这样的行为。
We can hardly put__up__with__and__are__strongly__opposed__to__such__behaviour．
⑥只要我们致力于保护环境，世界就会变成一个更加美好的居住地。
As__long__as__we__can__make__contributions__to__protecting__the__environment,__the world will become a much better place to live in.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用强调句式升级句③
There__is__no__doubt__that__it__is__the__rubbish__that__contributes__to/results__in__the__pollution__of__the__river.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：on the whole, in my view)
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One possible version：
It is a great honour for me to make a speech here on behalf of my class.
Almost every day quantities of rubbish, such as plastic bags and fruit peels can be seen floating on the river behind our school. There is no doubt that it is the rubbish that contributes to/results in the pollution of the river. Even if we stress the importance of protecting the environment, many people still keep on littering. On the whole, we can hardly put up with and are strongly opposed to such behaviour.
In my view, as long as we can make contributions to protecting the environment,
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the world will become a much better place to live in.
(建议用时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·长沙四校一模)
A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2，000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight(困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
“The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，” said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlifeviewing tours, said he’s been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U．S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，
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为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。
1．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A．Food shortage.
B．Climate change.
C．Habitats’ movement to shore.
D．Their preference for land.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物。故选B。
2．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A．Excited. B．Puzzled.
C．Concerned. D．Shocked.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”及“Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。故选A。
4．Which saying can describe the text?
A．The fittest can survive.
B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．There is always opportunity in crisis.
D．Every coin has two sides.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，
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北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却促进了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。故选D。
B
(2020·山西六校阶段性测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，
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并呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
5．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并多学会些方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全。故选B。
6．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。
7．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?
A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.
C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，
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所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。
【难句分析】 Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，where引导定语从句修饰a host city，在这个定语从句中又有一个who引导的定语从句，followed by是过去分词短语作伴随状语。
译文：每年联合国都会选择一个主题和主办城市，在那里任何关心环境的人都可以与别人谈论环境话题，之后还有不同种类的展品展出以提高(人们的)环保意识。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·安徽百所重点中学模拟)I used to watch Gogglebox when Caroline narrated(解说) it, partly because we were great friends, but also because I loved the programme. In November 2013, when she was __1__ ill with cancer, Caroline asked me if I’d narrate Gogglebox when she wasn’t __2__ to it. Certainly I said yes. Caroline was well and then unwell, so I __3__ whenever she needed me to.
When Caroline __4__ in July 2016, I took over narrating __5__. She will of course be in my life forever, __6__ it was heartbreaking for me to go into the small __7__ in Manchester at 8 am every Friday morning to __8__ the narration. That was because I knew Caroline used to sit in the __9__ room. Now that time has passed, going there is a __10__ moment because I feel Caroline is with me again.
I was new to narration—I’d had little __11__ about it before. When I first narrated Gogglebox, the team was __12__ me during the whole process. Later I got to know the __13__ and cast of Gogglebox, and they’re all unique and great. I expect to __14__ my narrating and see them every week.
Gogglebox is so great that it can make you __15__ —I’ve been in tears loads of times—but it’s also really warm and __16__， for something in it can always lift your spirits. When Gogglebox is __17__， I watch it on TV like everybody else. I can __18__ my narration as a fan and forget about my __19__ in it. I’m not only viewing the __20__， but also recalling(回忆) the unforgettable past Caroline and I had together again.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己做Gogglebox节目解说
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人的经历。因为对该节目的喜爱以及好友Caroline是节目解说人，在Caroline身患癌症的时候，作者曾给Caroline代班，由此开启了作者的解说之路。
1．A.actually B．secretly
C．exactly D．seriously
D 解析：根据下文中的“with cancer”和作者对Caroline的回忆可判断，Caroline身患重病——癌症，故用seriously。
2．A.equal B．close
C．related D．used
A 解析：因为Caroline身患癌症而不能胜任这份工作了，她问作者是否愿意解说Gogglebox。be equal to sth.“能胜任某事”，符合语境。be close to“接近……”；be related to“与……有关”；be used to“习惯于……”。
3．A.gave in B．filled in
C．took down D．calmed down
B 解析：根据下文中的“whenever she needed me to”可知，只要需要，作者都会去填补空缺，故用filled in。give in“屈服”，take down“取下”，calm down“平静”，均不符合语境。
4．A.passed away B．turned up
C．left off D．pulled through
A 解析：根据下文中的“I took over”“She will of course be in my life forever” “I feel Caroline is with me again”可知，Caroline去世了。pass away“去世，亡故”；turn up“到达，出现；调高”；leave off“停止，中断”；pull through“渡过难关”。
5．A.rules B．plans
C．duties D．traditions
C 解析：由于Caroline去世，作者接替了解说的职责，故用duties。
6．A.but B．then
C．so D．even
A 解析：上文中的“She will of course be in my life forever”与下文中的“it was heartbreaking for me to go into”存在语意和逻辑上的转折关系，故用but。
7．A.stop B．studio
C．position D．path
B 解析：根据语境和下文中的“room”可分析，此处表示每周五早上8点走进这间小演播室(studio)录制(record)节目解说让作者心碎。
8．A.ignore B．judge
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C．record D．consider
C 解析：参见上题解析。record“录制，录(音)，录(像)”，符合语境。ignore“忽视”；judge“判断，断定”；consider“仔细考虑”。
9．A.next B．other
C．same D．opposite
C 解析：前面提到了作者接替了Caroline的工作，并且走进这间小演播室录制节目解说让作者心碎，因为作者知道Caroline曾坐在这间房子里。故用same。
10．A.tough B．regular
C．stressful D．wonderful
D 解析：上文中的“Now that time has passed”和下文中的“because I feel Caroline is with me again”说明，那样的时期已经过去，现在走进演播室是一个美妙的时刻，故用wonderful。
11．A.concern B．doubt
C．expectation D．knowledge
D 解析：作者在解说方面是新手，她之前在这方面知之甚少。have little knowledge about/of“对……知道很少”。
12．A.forcing B．forbidding
C．guiding D．questioning
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者在解说方面是新手，因此在作者第一次做解说时，Gogglebox制作团队全程指导她。guide“指导”，符合语境。force“强迫”；forbid“阻止，禁止”；question“质询，怀疑”。
13．A.crew B．family
C．class D．audience
A 解析：后来作者认识了Gogglebox的工作人员(crew)和演员，每个人都很特别并且很棒，作者每周都期待开始(start)解说录制和见到他们。
14．A.change B．start
C．complete D．end
B 解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.nod B．excite
C．shock D．cry
D 解析：根据下文中的“I’ve been in tears loads of times”可知，它会让你哭泣，故用cry。
16．A.moving B．disappointing
C．inspiring D．challenging
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C 解析：根据下文中的“for something in it can always lift your spirits”可知，它也是鼓舞人心的。inspiring“鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的”符合语境。
17．A.on the move B．on the air
C．on the turn D．on the march
B 解析：当Gogglebox播出时，作者像其他人一样在电视上观看。on the air“正在播送(电视、广播)”。
18．A.enjoy B．act
C．produce D．improve
A 解析：根据下文中的“as a fan and forget about my ______ in it”可知，作者像一名粉丝一样去欣赏自己的解说。故用enjoy。
19．A.worry B．part
C．interest D．dream
B 解析：此处指作者会忘记自己参与其中。
20．A.office B．trip
C．story D．show
D 解析：结合语境分析，此处表示作者不仅是在看这个节目，也是在回忆自己和好友Caroline共度的难忘往事。故用show指代Gogglebox这个节目。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·贵阳高三摸底)
Dear Jack，
I’m glad to learn that you are interesting in the students’ reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200，000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
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I’m glad to learn that you are in the students’ reading in school. We have a grand library a collection of 200，000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is for students exchange their ideas about reading. Every autumn we a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished are invited.
In the library, books on history are my favorites, from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and progress both in China and abroad.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
①interesting改为interested。考查形容词。“对……感兴趣”应用be interested in来表达，故此处应将interesting改为interested。
②your改为our。考查代词。根据下文中的“We have a grand library”可知，此处表示“在我们学校”，故要用our。
③on改为with/of。考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是介词短语作定语修饰library，表示该图书馆具备什么样的特征，或以什么样的形态存在，故此处应用with或of，表示该图书馆有20万册藏书和5个大阅览室。
④that改为which。考查定语从句。在“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的结构中，介词后面不能用that，要用which或whom；本定语从句的先行词为reading rooms，故要用“in which”引导该定语从句。
⑤freely改为free。考查形容词。本句中的“fond of reading”为形容词短语作定语，修饰Anyone，故要用形容词free作表语和is共同构成谓语部分。
⑥holding改为held。考查动词的语态。A monthly activity“每月的活动”是“被举行”的，故要用被动语态is held，故将helding改为held。
⑦在exchange前加to。考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语，表示每月为学生举行的活动是为了让他们交流关于阅读的想法。
⑧had改为have。考查动词的时态。“Every autumn(每个秋天)”作本句的时间状语，表示现在经常发生的动作，谓语部分要用一般现在时。
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⑨writer改为writers。考查名词的单复数。根据后面的“are invited”可知，此处的作家不止一人，故要用名词writer的复数形式。
⑩删除progress前的a。考查冠词。progress意为“进步”，为不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。
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