【英语】北京市丰台区2020届高三第二学期综合练习（二）试题__（解析版） 25页

北京市丰台区2020届高三第二学期综合练习（二）‎ 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Esias Bedingar always knew he wanted to study medicine. After ___1___ (decide) to experience a new culture, he came from Africa to the USA. There was one challenge: He ___2___ (speak) no English. But within just four months, he completed the ESL program. Three years later, he finished his undergraduate degree and was accepted to Harvard University, where he is pursuing a master’s degree in public health. He said it was ___3___ (he) dream that got him to Harvard.‎ ‎【答案】1. deciding 2. spoke 3. his ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是记叙文，讲述了Esias Bedingar从非洲来到美国，尽管不会说英语，但是仅仅用4个月时间就完成了ESL课程的经历。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：在决定体验一种新的文化之后，他从非洲来到了美国。after为介词后接动名词。故填deciding。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：有一个挑战：他不会说英语。文章叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；speak是不规则变化动词，过去式为spoke。故填spoke。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：他说是他的梦想让他进了哈佛大学。修饰名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词；he是主格，形容词性物主代词为his，意思为“他的”。故填his。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Confucius (孔子), born in the district of Zou, near today’s Qufu city in Shandong province, was an educator and philosopher (哲学家) ___4___ founded Confucianism, a school of thought that deeply influenced later generations. He was the first Chinese to set up private schools and enroll students from all walks of life. Confucius ___5___ (regard) as a symbol of China’s traditional culture. Nowadays, Qufu holds memorial events every year ___6___ (honor) him and popularize his theory to the younger generations.‎ ‎【答案】4. who/that 5. is regarded/ has been regarded 6. to honor ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了孔子。他出生在山东，是一位伟大的教育学家和哲学家，创立了儒家思想，并且他也是中国第一个开设私塾广招各行各业的人为学生的人。同时，孔子也是中国传统文化的一个标志，深受年轻一代喜欢，并且人们每年都会为孔子举办纪念活动。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查定语从语关系代词。句意：孔子是一位伟大的教育学家和哲学家，他创立了儒家思想，这一思想也深深地影响着后人。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，空格处需要填关系代词，又因为定语从句的先行词是指人，定语从句指人的关系代词有who/that。故填who/that。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：孔子被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志。分析句子可知，句中主语孔子与动词regard是被动关系，且根据语境，动词时态也有两种可能：一是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是讲述一个客观事实，可以用一般现在时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数，空格处可以填is regarded；二是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是从过去就有，到现在依旧是这样的情况，就可以用现在完成时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数，空格处可以填has been regarded。故填is regarded/ has been regarded。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：曲阜每年都会举行对孔子的纪念活动，以表对孔子的尊敬。分析句子可知，句中已经有动词作谓语了，honor只能用非谓语形式，且在句中作状语，表目的，就需用动词不定式来作目的状语。故填to honor。‎ ‎【点睛】非谓语是常考知识点。在试题中分析清楚句子是否有动词已作谓语，如已有谓语，并且没有连词去连接另一个动词的话，此动词就需作非谓语了，再根据句意和已有谓语 来判断非谓语的正确形式。如第3小题，句中已经有动词作谓语了，honor只能用非谓语形式在句中作状语表目的，因此需用动词不定式。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Injury, ___7___ (ill), love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. ___8___ these small tests, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, ___9___ dull and completely pointless. The success and downfall you experience helps to create who you are and decide ____10____ you go.‎ ‎【答案】7. illness 8. Without 9. but/ yet 10. where ‎【解析】‎ 本文是议论文。万事皆有因，生活中除了幸运快乐之外还有伤害、疾病和失去，这些考验使生活更有意义，帮助我们成长。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：伤害、疾病、爱以及失去真正伟大的时刻都是对你灵魂极限的考验。和Injury, love, lost moments并列在句中做主语，用名词。故填illness。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：没有这些小的考验，生活就像一条没有尽头的笔直平坦的道路。根据句意，此处表示“没有”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Without。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：它虽然安全舒适，但枯燥无味，毫无意义。前后句是转折关系，故填but/ yet。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查连接副词。句意：你经历的成功和失败会帮助你塑造你自己，决定你要去哪里。动词decide后是宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。‎ 第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I was a boy of nine in 1960. I used to mow the lawn for Mrs. Long. She paid me little for the ‎ job, but ____11____ to give me a Christmas present.‎ I spent much time ____12____ what it would be. Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates and I was ____13____ to have any of these. “It would ____14____ be a baseball glove,” I ____15____ with myself. She wouldn’t know much about baseball. So I was ____16____ that she would give me ice skates. I even ____17____ myself upon the skates.‎ As Christmas approached, it was with ____18____ that I stopped myself from reporting to Mrs. Long and demanding my present. On December 22, I ____19____ myself at the door of the house. Mrs. Long sat me in a chair and handed me a small box which under no circumstances could _____20_____ a pair of skates. I was _____21_____. When lifting it from her, I was curious about the _____22_____ of the present. It weighed almost nothing.‎ ‎“What is it?” I asked. ‎ ‎“A kind of magic,” she said. Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with new _____23_____ . There were other presents of normal dimension and weight. But Mrs. Long’s box dominated all, for it had to do with _____24_____ .‎ On Christinas morning, before the sun was up, I had this box on my knees. With great _____25_____ I opened the box to find inside ten sheets of black paper, each labeled in colorful letters, Carbon Paper Regal Premium. “What is it?” I asked. Mum took two pieces of white paper, placed between them one of the black paper, and wrote my name on the upper sheet. Then she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name!‎ It was a miracle to my _____26_____ mind. In that one moment, I _____27_____ the ideas about the duplication (复制) of words and the printing and the mystery of spreading ideas. Thank Mrs. Long for her _____28_____ to guess that a boy might profit from a present totally outside the realm (领域) of his _____29_____ experience.‎ The average present _____30_____ satisfies a temporary desire; the great one lights up all the years of life that remain.‎ ‎11. A. allowed B. promised C. attempted D. reminded ‎12. A. asking B. recalling C. proving D. wondering ‎13. A. eager B. generous C. amused D. determined ‎14. A. possibly B. usually C. hardly D. definitely ‎15. A. reasoned B. inquired C. checked D. complained ‎16. A. shocked B. convinced C. delighted D. satisfied ‎17. A. prepared B. expected C. taught D. imagined ‎18. A. anxiety B. patience C. difficulty D. confirmation ‎19. A. presented B. forced C. urged D. employed ‎20. A. cover B. hold C. include D. involve ‎21. A. angry B. regretful C. awkward D. disappointed ‎22. A. value B. shape C. lightness D. meaning ‎23. A. features B. proposals C. experiences D. possibilities ‎24. A. magic B. interest C. love D. belief ‎25. A. surprise B. energy C. excitement D. confidence ‎26. A. sharp B. childish. C. brilliant D. creative ‎27. A. spread B. understood C. remembered D. practiced ‎28. A. wisdom B. kindness C. privilege D. encouragement ‎29. A. rich B. precious C. ordinary D. unforgettable ‎30. A. even B. still C. once D. merely ‎【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位老人送的礼物对“我”的影响。主要凸显自己在等待礼物过程中的心情和得到礼物后的反应。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：这个工作她付给我很少的钱，但是答应我给我个圣诞礼物。A. allowed允许；B. promised承诺；C. attempted试图；D. reminded提醒。 由下文中的“As Christmas approached（当圣诞节快来临时）”可知，Mrs. Long答应给作者圣诞礼物的时候，圣诞节还没有到来，所以是提前允诺。故选B。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我花了很多时间在想它将会是什么。A. asking问；B. recalling回想；C. proving证明；D. wondering想。由上文中“promised to give me a Christmas present（承诺给我一个圣诞礼物）”‎ 可知，因为别人答应了给作者礼物，所以作者一直翘首企盼，一直在想着会是什么礼物。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋，我很想要这些东西。A. eager热切的，渴望的；B. generous慷慨的，大方的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D. determined坚决的，果断的。由and前的“Many boys had baseball gloves or ice skates（很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋）”可知，作者也很想要这样的东西。“be eager to have”意为“很想要拥有”，符合句意。故选A。‎ ‎14题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：我自己想了想然后告诉自己：“几乎不可能是棒球手套。” A. possibly可能；B. usually常常；C. hardly几乎不；D. definitely明确地，清楚地。由下句“She wouldn’t know much about baseball（她不了解棒球）”可知，她几乎不可能送作者棒球手套。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. reasoned推理；B. inquired询问，查问；C. checked检查，审查；D. complained抱怨。下句“She wouldn’t know much about baseball（她不了解棒球）”呈现的是作者自己推理的过程，故选A。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：因此我相信她会给我一双溜冰鞋。A. shocked震惊；B. convinced使相信；C. delighted使高兴；D. satisfied使满意。根据这一段中作者的推理，大家有棒球手套和溜冰鞋，作者觉得老人不会送他棒球手球，所以作者觉得一定会送他溜冰鞋。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我甚至想象自己在冰上溜冰的样子。A. prepared准备； B. expected期望；C. taught教；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，这段话在描述作者对圣诞礼物的猜测，作者很渴望得到溜冰鞋，所以甚至想象自己穿着溜冰鞋在冰上溜。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：当圣诞节快到的时候，虽然很难做到，但是我没有向Mrs. Long去报到，也没有向她要礼物。A. anxiety焦虑，忧虑；B. patience耐心，忍耐力；C. difficulty困难，难题；D. confirmation证实，确认。 根据上文中的“I spent much time wondering what it would be.（我花很多时间去想这个礼物会是什么）”可知，作者特别期待这个礼物，所以越是临近圣诞节越是期待。作者忍住没去Mrs. Long家报到，是很难做到的。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：‎12月22日，我出现在房子门口。A. presented出现；B. forced 迫使；C. urged敦促，催促；D. employed雇用，应用。由下句“Mrs. Long sat me in a chair and handed me…（Mrs. Long坐在椅子上，交给我……）”可知，我到了Mrs. Long门口。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：Mrs. Long坐在椅子上，交给我一个小盒子，盒子这么小，几乎没有可能是一双溜冰鞋。A. cover掩蔽，遮盖；B. hold拿着，抓住；C. include包括，包含；D. involve包含，需要。根据句意，作者根据盒子的大小猜测里边装的不可能是一双溜冰鞋。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我很失望。A. angry生气的；B. regretful令人遗憾的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. disappointed失望的。上文中写作者期待圣诞礼物是一双溜冰鞋，但是现在拿在手里的盒子这么小，不可能是一双溜冰鞋，所以作者很失望。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：当我从她手里拿过礼物的时候，我很好奇礼物怎么这么轻。A. value价值；B. shape形状；C. lightness轻；D. meaning意义。由下句“It weighed almost nothing.（几乎没有重量。）”可知，作者好奇礼物为什么这么轻。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：她的话让我又开始想象各种可能性。A. features特点；B. proposals提议，建议；C. experiences经验，实践；D. possibilities可能。根据句意，作者很好奇箱子怎么这么轻，不会是他想象的溜冰鞋，会是什么呢，作者开始想象各种可能性。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：但是Mrs. Long的箱子起着重要的作用，因为它必需与魔术有关。A. magic魔术；B. interest兴趣，关注；C. love爱；D. belief信心。此空格处单词与段首Mrs. Long所说的“A kind of magic”呼应，故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：怀着很激动的心情，我打开箱子，发现里边有十张黑色的纸，每张上边都写着“复写纸豪华版”。A. surprise惊奇，惊讶；B. energy精力，活力；C. excitement激动，兴奋；D. confidence自信。由上段中的“Her words were enough to set my mind dancing with ‎ new possibilities（她的话让我开始想象各种可能性）”可知，作者很激动想知道里边是什么。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：对于小孩子的思想来说，这就是奇迹。A. sharp锋利的，锐利的；B. childish孩子气的，稚嫩的；C. brilliant聪颖的；D. creative有创造力的。根据文章开始的“I was a boy of nine in 1960.（1960年，我还是一个九岁的小孩。）”可知，对于那时的自己，也就是小孩的思想来说这是个奇迹。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我理解了字、画复制的含义以及传播思想的神秘。A. spread传播，散布；B. understood理解；C. remembered记得，记起；D. practiced练习，实习。根据文章最后一句中的“the great one lights up all the years of life that remain（这个礼物点亮了我以后的人生）”可知，这个礼物让作者当时理解了很多。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：多亏了Mrs. Long的智慧，认为一个小男孩能从超出他一般认知领域的礼物中收益颇丰。A. wisdom智慧；B. kindness仁慈，善良；C. privilege荣幸，荣耀；D. encouragement鼓舞，鼓励。根据句意，Mrs. Long送了一个我意想不到的礼物，并且她能提前猜到我会喜欢，是很有智慧的。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. rich富有的，富裕的；B. precious宝贵的，珍贵的；C. ordinary普通的，平常的；D. unforgettable难以忘怀的。根据上文中的“It was a miracle to my childish mind（对于小孩的思想来说那就是奇迹）”可知，这个礼物超出了小孩子一般的认知范围。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：一般的礼物仅仅只能满足暂时的欲望，一个好的礼物能够点亮未来的人生。A. even甚至；B. still还是，仍然；C. once曾经；D. merely仅仅，只不过。根据句意，将一般的礼物与好的礼物形成对比，一般的礼物紧急只能满足暂时的欲望。故选D。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A As an excellent international organization to deliver both camping and an academic opportunity, Eagles Landing International （ELI）offers school-aged students the opportunity to experience targeted academic programs, global leadership development, and exposure to an authentic camping experience.‎ ELI ACADEMIC STREAMS At ELI, we create global leaders by integrating camping with personalized academic activities designed around our two learning streams.‎ English Language Immersion--We believe that the best way to learn a language is to live that language Personalized activities prepare campers to be as successful as possible in achieving their language goals. Daily interactions with our American campers give campers the opportunity to apply newly acquired language skills.‎ Global Leadership--For those who have a more advanced English language level, we design activities that teach the skills based on cultural intelligence,communication strategies, as well as critical thinking that are necessary in today’s modem, global society.‎ ELI CAMP LIFE With a focus on the development of social-emotional and physical well-being, ELI campers will grow as global community members and leaders.‎ Accommodation Our International Village provides the ultimate security and peace of mind in an environment beneficial to learning and social interaction. Male and female campers will be housed on separate floors with on-duty supervision （监督）24 hours a day.‎ Meal plan Student-campers will be provided with breakfast, lunch, and dinner as well as a morning fruit break. Special dietary needs can usually be accommodated with advanced notice.‎ To truly appreciate the way it inspires our student-campers to learn, perform, and compete at ‎ the highest levels every day, join us in South Florida for an unforgettable experience.‎ ELI Typical Weekly Schedule Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday &Saturday Sunday ‎9:15-9:55‎ Academics Academics Academics Academics Short trips: Beach, Disney, Universal, Water Park, etc.‎ Clean-up ‎9:55-10:10‎ Fruit Break Fruit Break Fruit Break Fruit Break ‎10:10-10:50‎ Academics Academics Academics Academics Brunch ‎10:55-11:30‎ Basketball Water Slide Yoga Track Swim ‎11:35-12:35‎ Swim Swim Swim Swim ‎13:35-14:15‎ Music Science &‎ Nature Music Science &Nature House keeping ‎14:20-14:35‎ Ice Cream Ice Cream Ice Cream Ice Cream ‎14:40-16:00‎ Rest Hour Rest Hour Rest Hour Rest Hour Weights, Gym, Field ‎16:00-16:40‎ Academics Academics Academics Academics ‎19:30-20:30‎ Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program Evening Program ‎31. What does ELI offer its campers?‎ A. Overseas trips.‎ B. A flexible schedule.‎ C. Safe accommodation.‎ D. Meals from different countries.‎ ‎32. What makes ELI different from other camps?‎ A. It provides programs by age group.‎ B. It focuses on developing social skills.‎ C. It creates a new way of learning languages.‎ D. It combines camping with academic programs.‎ ‎33. According to ELI Typical Weekly Schedule, campers _______.‎ A. are free in the evening B. can enjoy a variety of sports C. are quite busy with academics D. are expected to plan their weekends ‎【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇广告类应用文。文章主要介绍一个将露营和学术项目相结合的国际组织，包括它的具体活动、食宿安排和具体课程安排。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章“Accommodation”部分最后一句“Male and female campers will be housed on separate floors with on-duty supervision （监督）24 hours a day.”可知，在住宿方面，ELI按性别将露营者安排在不同楼层，并且有全天24小时的值班监督。由此可推测，在住宿方面很安全。故选C项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第一句“As an excellent international organization to deliver both camping and an academic opportunity”可知，ELI将露营和学术项目相结合。故选D项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据课程表中时间段“10:55-11:‎30”‎相应的活动“Basketball”“Water Slide”“Yoga”“Track”可知，ELI为露营者安排了不同的运动。故选B项。‎ B Something strange was happening inside LeeAnne’s home. During the summer of 2014，14-year-old J.D. had stomach severe pains, but his CT scan found nothing wrong. LeeAnne and her husband lost hair and suffered dizziness and headaches. LeeAnne even lost her eyelashes.‎ In January 2015, the city of Flint sent out a notice that the water supply, switched from the Detroit water system to the Flint River to cut cost, contained high levels of trihalomethanes (三卤甲烷). The notice warned that people with poor immune (免疫的) systems might be at increased risk for liver, kidney, and nervous system problems but emphasized that the water was otherwise safe to drink. ‎ Alarmed, LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials, listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes. Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings, where they shared their health problems. Still, officials insisted the water was safe to drink. So LeeAnne demanded that the city test her water.‎ The results were disturbing. The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount. But the city maintained her plumbing (管道) was the cause.‎ LeeAnne immediately had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead exposure. She read Flint’s water quality reports and discovered the city wasn’t applying the proper corrosion (腐蚀) control standards to its pipes; the standards prevent the metal in pipes from leaching into the water.‎ In March, a follow-up test of LeeAnne’s water showed lead levels nearly 27 times higher than the EPA’s threshold. LeeAnne’s pipes could not be responsible for the high lead levels, since they were plastic.‎ In September, Virginia Tech lab released a report that concluded the Flint River water was 19 times more corrosive than the Detroit water.‎ The governor eventually admitted the water was unsafe. He ordered that Flint’s water supply be switched back to Detroit’s. In Washington, President Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Flint and ordered federal aid to help the city recover.‎ ‎34. How did LeeAnne react to the city notice?‎ A. She had her children tested for lead.‎ B. She asked the city to replace her pipes.‎ C. She urged the officials to test Flint’s water.‎ D. She collected side effects of trihalomethanes.‎ ‎35. What is the leading cause of the family’s health problem?‎ A. The lead in their water.‎ B. Corrosion to their pipes.‎ C. Their poor immune systems.‎ D. Exposure to Trihalomethanes.‎ ‎36. City officials’ attitude toward the water issue was _____.‎ A. unconcerned B. cautious C. doubtful D. objective ‎37. What does the story mainly tell us?‎ A. Revealing the truth takes time.‎ B. Nothing can stop a determined heart.‎ C. It takes courage to challenge authority.‎ D. Joint effort is the key to solving problems.‎ ‎【答案】34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。LeeAnne一家人2014年夏天都经历了一些身体不适的状况，但是没有查出原因。2015年1月，弗林特市发出通知说，为了节省成本，水源从底特律的水改道成了弗林特河里的水，这个水被发现了三卤甲烷超标，但不影响饮用。LeeAnne对此深感怀疑，她要求进一步检查自己的水源和孩子，发现水里存在的最大问题是铅超标。经过反复确认，政府最终承认弗林特河里的水不适合饮用，再次将水源改回到底特律的水。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Alarmed, LeeAnne researched the water supply and searched the Internet. Then she distributed a fact sheet to city officials, listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes.（这使她很担心，LeeAnne继续调查了水源并在网上搜集了资料。然后她向城市官员发送了一份情况说明书，列出了三卤甲烷超标会带来的副作用）”可知，城市发的通知让她很担心，所以LeeAnne 搜集了三卤甲烷超标会带来的副作用，发送给了城市官员。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第四段中的“The results were disturbing. The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount.（结果让人感到很不安。三卤甲烷的问题微乎其微。她们水中的铅含量是合法标准的七倍之多。）”可知，她们家庭中健康问题的主要原因是水中的铅含量超标。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings, where they shared their health problems. Still, officials insisted the water was safe to drink.（她敦促邻居们去参加市议会会议，在那里他们阐述了他们的健康问题。但是，官员们仍然坚持认为水是适合饮用的。）”可知，政府官员一开始不关心水污染问题，坚持认为它是适合饮用的。A. unconcerned不关心的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. objective客观的。故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The governor eventually admitted the water was unsafe. He ordered that Flint’s water supply be switched back to Detroit’s.（政府官员最终承认了水是不安全的，并命令将水源改回到底特律的水）”以及一开始政府官员坚持认为水是适合饮用的，可知，这个故事主要讲LeeAnne如何坚持不懈的努力，才让政府官员面对问题，改掉水源。由此判断出这个故事告诉我们没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选B。‎ C Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These cannot be digested and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this fondness for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish (水母), which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no similarity to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.‎ The idea that the smell of floating plastic objects might lure animals to their death first emerged in 2016. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which are released into the air by floating plastics, are ‎ those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate plenty of the algae (海藻) and bacteria (细菌). The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.‎ Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when finding the way to their feeding areas, Dr Pfaller theorised that they are following these same chemicals, and are likewise fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are eatable.‎ To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 turtles to be exposed to four smells: the vapour from deionised water; the smell of turtle-feeding balls made of shrimp and fish meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle chopped up into ten pieces; and the smell of a similarly chopped bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow algae and bacteria to grow on it.‎ Two of the smells proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. When sniffing both the smell of food balls and that of five-week-old bottles, turtles kept their nostrils out of the water more than three times as long, and took twice as many breaths as they did when what was on offer was the smell of fresh bottle-plastic or deionised-water vapour.‎ Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide is the culprit, Dr Pfaller and his colleagues think it is the most likely candidate. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be eatable— or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.‎ ‎38. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that turtles ________.‎ A. mistake plastic objects for jellyfish B. are fooled into eating plastics by a smell C. are dying out as a result of plastic pollution D. break down plastics without much difficulty ‎39. What can we infer from the research on seabirds?‎ A. Seabirds eat plastics for the taste.‎ B. The algae and bacteria grow well on plastics.‎ C. Researchers got the idea from the study of turtles.‎ D. Some seabirds pursue food in a similar way to turtles.‎ ‎40. Dr Pfaller’s research shows_______.‎ A. turtles prefer the smell of plastics B. turtles live on marine microorganisms C. dimethyl sulphide may be to blame for turtles’ death D. plastics release the same chemicals as microorganisms ‎41. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To propose a new way to study turtles.‎ B. To stress the importance of improving ecosystem.‎ C. To introduce the findings on the cause of turtles’ death.‎ D. To explain the effects of plastic pollution on sea animals.‎ ‎【答案】38. B 39. D 40. C 41. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。科学家们发现海龟吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品导致大量死亡。 通过研究发现， 是因为生长在海上漂浮的塑料物体上的海洋微生物的气味导致海洋动物去追踪食物，才导致它们吃塑料制品。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第一段提到海龟有一个不幸习惯，就是吃漂浮在海里的塑料制品。根据第一段最后一句“… the smell of marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding. ”可知，海龟吃塑料制品是因为生长在漂浮的塑料物上的海洋微生物的气味诱使它们。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which are released into the air by floating plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to track down food. ”海上漂浮塑料物体的气味可能会导致动物死亡，是因为某些漂浮的塑料物体释放到空气中的化学物质，那些海鸟嗅到，然后追踪食物。而海龟也是因为这种原因才吃漂浮的塑料制品。从对海鸟的研究中可以推断出一些海鸟捕食的方式与海龟相似。故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。 根据第六段中“Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide is the culprit, Dr Pfaller and his colleagues think it is the most likely candidate.‎ ‎（尽管他们还没有测试二甲基硫化物是否是罪魁祸首，Pfaller博士和他的同事们认为它是最有可能的候选者。）”可知，Pfaller博士的研究显示二甲基硫化物应该是导致海龟死亡的原因。故选C项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文，文章以海龟吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品为例，通过研究发现， 生长在海上漂浮的塑料物体上的海洋微生物的气味导致海洋动物去追踪食物。根据文章第四段“To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment.”，文章主要是介绍关于海龟吃塑料制品死亡原因的研究发现。故选C项。‎ D Scientists often complain that people are not rational (理性的) in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so peopled fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coalfired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat.‎ Scientific illiteracy (无知) may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured.‎ But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill (原油泄漏) in 2010 showed that complacency—among executives, among engineers and among government officials-was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring.‎ Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large ‎ share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations.‎ Geoengineering (地球工程学) to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight (监管) than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?‎ Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment?‎ ‎42. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.‎ A. overconfidence B. prediction C. underestimation D. carelessness ‎43. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ________.‎ A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering is highly recognized by scientists C. the public are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is a great challenge ‎44. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters.‎ B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed.‎ C. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies.‎ D. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight.‎ ‎45 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Ignorance or Safety B. Who Is Rational About Risk C. Why Can’t People Trust Technology D. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk ‎【答案】42. A 43. A 44. C 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是议论文。公众对一些科学技术，如核能和转基因(GM)作物持反对态度。文章说明了原因：对未知的东西感到担心。但是科学家们对熟知的事物往往又低估了风险，这也让公众担忧。公众关心的除了安全问题之外，还有监管问题。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后对该词解释“we tend not to fear the familiar”，人们不在意日常的风险，其原因是因为觉得对它们熟悉，从而过于自信，觉得可以应对它们。因此可以推测，complacency与overconfidence 同义。故选A项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Geoengineering (地球工程学) to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety.（利用地球工程来减少气候变化的影响是另一个例子。比起安全来说，不仅科学家，非专业人员也更关心监督。）”可以推断，文章举地球工程的例子，是论证安全并不是公众关注的全部。故选A项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。 文章首句提到“Scientists often complain that people are not rational (理性的) in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops.（科学家们经常抱怨人们不理性地反对一些科学技术，如核能和转基因作物）”；第二段提到人们反对的原因是“Scientific illiteracy (无知) may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand（一部分原因对科学的不了解，对未知的东西感到害怕）”；再根据第四段首句“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.（科学家们还犯了一个错误，他们认为公众关注的全部或者大部分都是安全问题。）”，第五段举地球工程的例子，是说明公众关心的更多的是监管问题。因此可以推断，文章提出，科学家错误地判断了为什么人们对有些科学技术持反对态度。故选C项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章提出科学家们认为公众不能理性地对待一些科学技术，如核能，转基因作物等。作者在第二、三段中说明公众担心的原因；在第四、五段中说明科学家们认为公众主要担心安全问题是不对的，监管问题是他们更担心的。文章主要是论述科学家们对公众能否理性地对待这些问题的一些不恰当的看法。因此文章的题目应该是“谁理性地对待风险？”，用问句引起读者的兴趣和思考。故选B项。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend.____46____.‎ In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all.____47____ This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least―but still ran. ‘‘Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.‎ The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. ____48____ But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”‎ ‎____49____ Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.‎ ‎____50____ Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.‎ A. People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.‎ B. The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.‎ C. Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.‎ D. Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.‎ E. But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.‎ F. But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for far less time.‎ G. The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additional ‎ protections against dying.‎ ‎【答案】46. F 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了跑步对健康的好处：减小死亡率，预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 上文提到美国人抽不出时间进行锻炼的现象，下文介绍跑步对健康的好处。F项：但新的研究表明，人们可以通过更短的跑步时间获得延长寿命的好处。与上文形成转折，引出下文的主要内容。故选F。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 上文提到，研究表明：那些经常跑步的人比那些根本不跑步的人死亡的可能性更小。D项：跑步者因任何原因死亡的可能性比不跑步的人低27%，是对上文研究结果的进一步说明。故选D。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 上句提到：最新的分析表明了跑步对人体的好处，就是我们的进化。下文应该具体介绍人类进化对运动的影响。A项：人们可能不再捕猎野生动物作为他们的下一餐，说明了人类生存方式的变化，引出了下文人们把跑步作为休闲锻炼方式。故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 下文提到跑步能很好地预防癌症，减少炎症，刺激蛋白质的生产，改善大脑健康。这些都是跑步对身体的好处，B项：跑步的身体需求对我们的身体有好处。概括了本段内容，故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 下文提到人们跑步的频率和速度不重要，只要在跑步就行，跑步越多并不总是越好。G项：好消息是，每周跑步超过50分钟并没有额外的预防死亡的作用，说明了跑步的时间和作用关系并不大的道理。故选G。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim即将来京，并打算 利用周末时间游览一处北京古代建筑。他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.你的推荐；2.说明理由。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I’m pleased to learn that you’re coming to Beijing. I’m writing to recommend you an amazing ancient architecture in Beijing—the Summer Palace. ‎ The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing and it’s easy to go there by bus. This ancient royal garden is beautifully composed of palaces, temples, gardens and lakes. It is the largest garden in China, which has been enjoying great popularity. What’s more, the Summer Palace is also the center of cultural and historical relics. I’m sure you will be amazed at the wonderful place.‎ Finally, I do hope that you will have a good time in Beijing. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向朋友介绍一处北京古代建筑。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 结构：总分法 ‎   总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。‎ 要求：1.表明推荐的地方 ‎ 2.推荐理由 ‎ 1）介绍位置。（location）‎ ‎ 2）自然风光。（natural scenery）‎ ‎ 3）文化历史意义。（cultural and historical meaning）‎ ‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ be pleased to; recommend; be located in; beautifully; be composed of; largest; the center of; have a good time 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. I’m pleased to learn that you’re coming to Beijing.‎ ‎2. I’m writing to recommend you an amazing ancient architecture in Beijing—the Summer Palace.‎ ‎3. The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing.‎ ‎4. This ancient royal garden is beautifully composed of palaces, temples, gardens and lakes.‎ ‎5. It is the largest garden in China.‎ ‎6. What’s more, the Summer Palace is also the center of cultural and historical relics.‎ ‎7. I do hope that you will have a good time in China..‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：It is the largest garden in China, which has been enjoying great popularity.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如be pleased to; be located in; have a good time 等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为提高学生的生活技能，你们班上周组织了一次“厨艺秀”。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记， 记述整个过程。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last Friday, our teacher announced that in order to improve students' life skills, our class would organize a "cooking show" activity, which required everyone to make a meal for their parents that weekend. On hearing this, everyone was very excited and thought about what they planned to make. As it was my first-time cooking, I decided to start with something simple, so I planned to make two simple stir-fries. Although I came across some troubles during the process, under the guidance of my parents, I finally made it. When the hot food was served, my parents praised me for my delicious food and pointed out what to be improved. The next day, my classmates and I shared our experiences at the class meeting. We all agreed that it was a meaningful activity, which not only improved our life skills, but also gave us a chance to express our gratitude to our parents.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是图画作文，要求根据四幅图的内容写一篇周记。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求根据四幅图的内容写一篇周记：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为提高学生的生活技能，你们班上周组织了一次“厨艺秀”。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记， 记述整个过程，时态应为一般过去时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； improve（提高），life skill（生活技能），require（要求），cooking show（厨艺秀），stir-fry（一盘炒菜）， meaningful（有意义的），serve（端菜上桌）及gratitude（感谢）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有in order to（为了），make a meal (做饭)，under the guidance of （在……的指导下），point out（指出），think about（考虑），make it（成功）以及come across（遇到），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“Last Friday, our teacher announced that in order to improve students' life skills, our class would organize a "cooking show" activity, which required everyone to make a meal for their parents that weekend.”及“We all agreed that it was a meaningful activity, which not only improved our life skills, but also gave us a chance to express our gratitude to our parents.”，状语从句“As it was my first-time cooking, I decided to start with something simple, so I planned to make two simple stir-fries.”及“Although I came across some troubles during the process, under the guidance of my parents, I finally made it.”，宾语从句和非谓语动词“On hearing this, everyone was very excited and thought about what they planned to make.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎