2019届高考英语考前培训：写作素能培养第6讲学会运用高级词汇与句式 31页

写作素能培养 第三部分 第六讲　学会运用高级词汇与句式 写作时， “ 高级词汇与高级句式 ” 如能运用贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一两处，也会为你的作文增添色彩，赢得阅卷老师的青睐。 一、使用高级词汇 高级词汇主要是指 《 考试大纲 》 中没有列入的，但在实际运用中使用较频繁的词汇。大纲中较常用词汇通过构词形成的词汇也属于高级词汇。是否使用高级词汇，可以基本判断该考生所掌握的词汇量。 1 ． 挖掘纲外词汇 有些单词在英语 《 考试大纲 》 中确实未曾出现，但在阅读时经常碰到。如： annoyed, currently 等。 ① He was annoyed that she had forgotten his birthday. (annoyed 比 angry 高级 ) ② China is currently in the primary stage of socialism. (currently 比 now 高级 ) 2 ． 挖掘可替代词汇 使用词组、习语来代替简单枯燥的词汇。如：用 make full use of 代替 use, catch sight of 代替 see, look forward to 代替 hope 等。 ① We had better make full use of something inexpensive. (make full use of 比 use 高级 ) ② Finally he caught sight of the young man's light overcoat in the distance. (catch sight of 比 see 生动 ) ③ I'm looking forward to your visit next week. (look forward to 比 hope 高级 ) 3 ． 挖掘 “ 味感 ” 词汇 有的单词很常见，且 “ 洋味 ” 十足，表达地道，非常有 “ 味感 ” ，这类词也被视为高级词汇。如 share, view, drive 等。 ① We all share one and the same planet. (share 比 live in 更有 “ 味感 ” ) ② We can view the problem in many ways. (view 比 look at 更有内涵 ) ③ The noise next to the door drove me mad. ( 用 drive 而不用 make) 〔 名师点拨 〕 在表达中使用高级词汇，能反映出一个考生内在的底蕴，体现考生运用语言的能力和水平。因此，我们要重视高级词汇的使用。 在选择高级词汇表达语意时，就应做到避 “ 简 ” 就 “ 繁 ” ，就是说尽量选择得体、规范、较长的词，少用常见、俗套的词。 用较高级词汇代替加黑的词或短语 1 ． We all have the same chance. ___________ 2 ． We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend. ___________ 3 ． I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us. _______________ 4 ． He didn't listen to what I said in the class. ________________________ 5 ． We'll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us. ___________ 6 ． The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses. _______________ possess 　 endless 　 put up with 　 turned a deaf ear to 　 promote 　 challenging 　 二、使用高级句式，让句子靓起来 1 ． 恰当使用被动语态 ① We will have selected about thirty volunteers to the Mars throughout the world by 2020. →About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world by 2020. ②I'm delighted to know that the Shanghai Museum will organize a famous art exhibition and you are collecting opinions of the public as to select the location for the exhibition ， which encouraged me to write to express my ideas. →I'm delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to select the location for the exhibition ， which encouraged me to write to express my ideas. 2 ．使用强调句 ① As a saying goes ， the little thing matters most. →As a saying goes ， it is the little thing that matters most. ②Our parents have devoted their unconditional love to us ， which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. →It's our parents who have devoted their unconditional love to us ， which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. 3 ．使用倒装句 ① The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way. →Only in this way can the children grow up mentally and physically healthy. ②I didn't realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways until then. →Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways. 4 ．使用省略句 ① If it is so ， I hope you will have a wonderful time. →If so ， I hope you will have a wonderful time. ②Although they were faced with many problems ， they didn't lose heart. →Although faced with many problems ， they didn't lose heart. 5 ．使用感叹句 ① It is a very splendid moment. →How splendid a moment it is! ②I am very worried about his condition. →How worried I am about his condition! 6 ．使用 with 复合结构 ① His mother is paving the ways for him while his father is holding his jacket behind him ， and we can see sweat on his face. →His mother is paving the ways for him while his father is holding his jacket behind him ， with sweat on his face. ②As the society develops rapidly ， it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer. →With the society developing rapidly ， it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer. 7 ．使用虚拟语气 ① It is high time for both children and parents to take action to make small changes. →It is high time that both children and parents took action to make small changes. ②I missed being hit by the car with your help. →Without your help ， I would have been hit by the car. 〔 名师点拨 〕 高考评分标准中的 “ 复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构 ” 就是指句子结构的复合性和句型的多样性。不论是复杂结构的运用，如强调句、倒装句等句型、含有名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句的复合句，还是较多的语法结构，如分词和不定式等非谓语动词的运用都指向句式的转换问题。不容置疑，这些复杂结构的运用及较多的语法结构会增加文章的表达力度、提升文章的档次。 用较高级句式转换下列句子 1 ． Above all ， we must do something to stop pollution. ( 被动语态 ) Above all ， something must be done to stop pollution. 2 ． I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school. ( 强调句 ) It was when I entered senior high school that I realized the importance of English. 3 ． We don't know its value until we lose health. ( 倒装句 ) Not until we lose health do we know its value. 4 ． If it isn't well organized ， the meeting will be a failure. ( 省略句 ) If not well organized ， the meeting will be a failure. 5 ． We had a very good time with the peasants that day. ( 感叹句 ) What a good time we had with the peasants that day ！ 6 ． Because there was too much noise ， I couldn't go on studying. (with 复合结构 ) With the noise going on ， I couldn't go on studying. 三、如何写好 there be 句型 1 ． There be 句型的基本意义：某地有某物 There is an increase of about 10 percent ， compared with last year. 与去年相比较，大约增加了百分之十。 名师点拨　 由于受汉语影响，有些同学在使用这个句型时常常把 be 误用成 have 的某种形式。 下午将有一场演讲。 ① There is going to have a lecture this afternoon. ( × ) ②There is going to be a lecture this afternoon. (√) 2 ． Where there be...there be... “ 哪里有 …… 哪里就有 …… ” As the detailed analyses above have shown us ， where there is life ， there is hope. 正如上面详尽的论述所示，活着就有希望。 3 ． There be ＋名词＋分词短语 There are three factors contributing to this attitude as follows. 有三个因素促成了下面的观点。 名师点拨　 在这一句型中，有些同学常常把分词误用成动词原形。 有些学生支持这个主意。 ① There are some students support the idea. ( × ) ②There are some students supporting the idea. (√) ③Some students support the idea. (√) 4 ． There be ＋ no doubt /no denying/ no need /no sense/ no use...that... “ 毫无疑问 / 不可否认 / 没有必要 / 没有意义 / 没有用 …… ” There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will come back. 在这里傻等却不知道他什么时候回来，一点意义都没有。 5 ． There be 的非谓语形式 there being... ( 动词 ing 形式 ) ； there to be... ( 不定式形式 ) There being no bus ， we had to walk home. 由于没有公交车，我们不得不步行回家。 翻译句子 1 ．不可否认，我们的环境质量已经每况愈下。 There is no denying that the quality of our environment has gone from bad to worse. 2 ．我们盼望着有个晚会来庆祝即将到来的新年。 We expect there to be a party to celebrate the coming New Year. 四、如何使用其他的一些高级表达形式让文章更精彩 1 ． 用 such 总结全文 Such is our lively city ， which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. 这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。 2 ．使用 cannot...too much 表示强调 We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 3 ．使用比喻等修辞方法 As is known to us all ， vocabulary is an important part of language ， just like bricks in a building. 大家都知道，词汇是语言学习的重要组成部分，就像一座大楼的基石。 4 ．使用 not...but... 句型 Some people don't like their jobs not because they're lazy but because their jobs are small. 一些人不喜欢他们的工作不是因为他们懒，而是因为他们的工作太渺小了。 5 ．使用否定句 The law is the law.Nobody has any excuse to break it. 法律就是法律。任何人没有任何借口违反法律。 6 ．使用双重否定 Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle ， it is not without its problem. 尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，它仍然存在一些问题。 1 ．任何语言都无法表达我对你们及时帮助的真心感谢。 No word can express my whole hearted thanks for your timely help. 2 ．学好英语并不是一件苦差事而是一件快乐的事情。 It is not a hardship but a pleasure to learn English well. 3 ．我们再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。 We can't emphasize the importance of protecting the environment too much. 1 ． We can successfully build an economized society only in this way. ( 倒装 ) → Only in this way can we successfully build an economized society. 2 ． He had hardly reached the station when the train left. ( 倒装 ) → Hardly had he reached the station when the train left. 3 ． I can not only keep in touch with my friends and family through my cell ， but also almost all information can be gathered on the Internet. ( 倒装 ) → Not only can I keep in touch with my friends and family through my cell ， but alsoalmost all information can be gathered on the Internet. 4 ． I didn't take his advice ， so I failed in the exam. ( 虚拟语气 ) If I had taken his advice ， I wouldn't have failed in the exam. 5 ． Because I was ill that day ， I didn't take part in the sports meeting. ( 虚拟语气 ) I was ill that day ， otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting. 6 ． They carried out a survey among 260 students. ( 被动语态 ) A survey was carried out among 260 students. 7 ． They didn't realize the importance of environment protecting until all the fish in the river died out. ( 倒装句，强调句 ) ① Not until all the fish in the river died out did they realize the importance of environment protecting. ② It was not until all the fish in the river died out that they realized the importance of environment protecting. 参考范文： As is known to all ， the world population is growing day by day.So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a large population.What's more ， with industry developing rapidly ， poisonous gases and waters are produced ， consequently resulting in the pollution of water.Though fresh ， a good amount of water can no longer be used.Only then did we realize the importance of fresh water.So it's high time that we human beings took action to protect water resource.Stop polluting water ， otherwise we wouldn't be living in the world.What a terrible scene we would be faced with! Only with fresh water can the world be prosperous.