新课标2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业11-1Friendship 人教版必修1 7页

课时作业1 1-1 Friendship Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。‎ ‎1．Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car________(wash)．‎ ‎2．You'd better add ________ your scores and see if you have passed the exam.‎ ‎3．I suggest that he should calm ________，or else he could make things worse.‎ ‎4．With more and more forests disappearing, today the public is much concerned ________ the way nature is being ruined.‎ ‎5．While ________(stay)in the village，Jams selflessly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.‎ ‎6．Not until he went________ real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.‎ ‎7．He set________ everything he went ________ in the small town.‎ ‎8．There was a time ________ the sky was blue and the air was clean.‎ ‎9．He let out the secret ________ purpose ________ order to earn money.‎ ‎10．It was the first time she ________(witness) such a heavy snowstorm.‎ ‎11．I often talk with my daughter face ________ face ________ dusk.‎ ‎12．Being injured in the leg made ________ impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.‎ ‎13．We suffered ________ a series of natural disasters in the 1980s.‎ ‎14．Tired ________ switching from one company to another, he finally found a permanent job in the government.‎ ‎15．I had trouble ________ (figure) out what he meant.‎ ‎16．We fell ________ love with the village and got along well ________ the local people.‎ ‎17．It's no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day.‎ 7‎ ‎18．My mother ________ (entire) devoted herself to helping the poor children.‎ ‎19．He worked ________ (outdoor) and got sunburnt.‎ ‎20．The two brothers look ________ (exact) alike.‎ 答案 ‎1．washed　2.up　3.down　4.about　5.staying ‎6．through　7.down; through　8.when　9.on; in ‎10．had witnessed　11. to; at　12.it　13.from ‎14．of　15.(in) figuring　16.in; with　17.going ‎18．entirely　19.outdoors　20.exactly Ⅱ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)‎ We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded by people who are, like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers，consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains, “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The ‎ 7‎ results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.‎ ‎1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?‎ A．Addiction to smartphones.‎ B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.‎ C．Absence of communication between strangers.‎ D．Impatience with slow service.‎ ‎2．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?‎ A．Showing good manners. ‎ B．Relating to other people.‎ C．Focusing on a topic.‎ D．Making business deals.‎ ‎3．What does the coffeeshop study suggest about small talk?‎ A．It improves family relationships.‎ B．It raises people's confidence.‎ C．It matters as much as a formal talk.‎ D．It makes people feel good.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence 答案与解析 7‎ 本篇是关于人际交往的说明文，主题是讲闲聊的重要性。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“first paragraph”定位到文章的第一段，根据内容surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence, 表达含义是：围绕着一些，就像我们这样的，专注手机的人或者更为糟糕的是在这种令人不舒服的寂静中挣扎，所以选项C正确。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“successful small talk 和Carducci” 定位到文章的第三段Carducci所说的三句话，分别是small talk is the grease for social communication; almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk; 最核心的句子是最后一句：The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. 表达含义是：成功谈话的关键是学会如何和别人产生联系而不仅仅是和他们交流，所以选项B正确。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“coffeeshop study” 定位到文章的第四段，根据两组对比产生的结果：The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. 表达含义是：结果显示这些和服务员闲聊的人都会报告说有更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店的体验，所以选项D正确。‎ ‎4．C　主旨大意题。根据题干的关键词“best title”得知这是一道主旨大意题，所以这道题只有纵观全文，当然可以借助前面两道题的题干知道文章关键词就是“small talk”，所以锁定B和C项，再结合文章大意得知文章重点描述：闲聊的好处而非如何进行闲聊，所以选项C正确。‎ B The world's population is projected to reach 11 billion by the end of the century.‎ Feeding that many people will be a challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.‎ About 2 billion people already eat bugs. Mexicans enjoy chillytoasted grasshoppers. Thais tuck into cricket stirfries and Ghanaians snack on termites. Insects are slowly creeping on to Western menus as novelty items, but most 7‎ ‎ people remain squeamish(拘谨)．‎ Yet there are three reasons why eating insects makes sense.‎ First, they are healthier than meat. There are nearly 2，000 kinds of edible insects, many of them packed with protein, calcium, fiber, iron and zinc. A small serving of grasshoppers can contain about the same amount of protein as a similar sized serving of beef, but has far less fat and far fewer calories.‎ Second, raising insects is cheap, or free. Little technology or investment is needed to produce them. Harvesting insects could provide livelihoods to some of the world's poorest people.‎ Finally, insects are far more sustainable source of food than livestock. Livestock production accounts for nearly a fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions, that's more than transport. By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything.‎ Despite all this, most Westerners find insects hard to swallow.‎ One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces. Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.‎ ‎5．What is the direct reason why some people advocate eating insects?‎ A．Insufficient food supply.‎ B．Climate change.‎ C．The rapid increase of population.‎ D．Insects' high nutrition.‎ ‎6．From the passage, we can infer that________．‎ A．eating insects is healthier than eating beef B．eating insects is popular among westerners C．eating insects can help people lose weight D．eating insects causes less damage to the environment ‎7．How can we make it more acceptable to eat insects?‎ A．By closing your eyes when eating insects.‎ 7‎ B．By eating insects together with other food.‎ C．By putting insects' nutrients into other food products.‎ D．By considering the environmental benefits of eating insects.‎ 答案与解析 这篇文章主要讲了由于未来世界人口的持续增长，导致食物供应不足，所以有人提议吃昆虫，并且对吃昆虫的好处进行了分析。‎ ‎5．A　细节理解题。根据Feeding that many people will be a challenge, and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture. That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.可知一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足，选A。‎ ‎6．D　推理判断题。由By contrast, insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water. And they eat almost anything.可推断出人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少，选D。‎ ‎7．C　细节理解题。由One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces. Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.可知把昆虫的营养放入其他食物里，这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫，选C。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years__1__(long) than nonrunners. You don't have to run fast or for long__2__(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __3__ (die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __4__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __5__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __6__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __7__ (cause)．‎ 7‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to __8__ (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap，easy and it's always __9__ (energy)．If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __10__ a try.‎ 答案与解析 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。‎ ‎1．longer　考查比较级。由than可以得出答案。‎ ‎2．to see　考查非谓语动词。你不一定要跑得很快或者跑得很久才能见效。to see 是目的状语。‎ ‎3．dying　考查非谓语动词。of是介词，介词后边用动词ing形式。‎ ‎4．is　考查谓语动词。宾语从句时态为一般现在时，主语是it，得出答案。‎ ‎5．than　考查介词。由前文中的more可以得出这句话是比较级，缺少一个标志词than。‎ ‎6．that/which　考查连词。首先判断出这是定语从句，先行词是study，定语从句中作主语，所以用that或者which皆可。‎ ‎7．causes　考查名词的单复数。由修饰词all可以得出用复数。‎ ‎8．strengthen　考查词类转换。strength的动词形式是strengthen。‎ ‎9．energetic　考查词类转换。energy的形容词形式。‎ ‎10．it/running　考查代词。it作形式宾语，指代running。‎ 7‎