专题2-2+The+Olympic+Games（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学 12页

专题2.2+The+Olympic+Games ‎【学以致用】‎ 三、重点句型剖析 ‎1. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.‎ 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，并且我曾写过很久以前奥运会的情况。‎ ‎【要点提炼】‎ ‎（1）此句总体句式是and 连接的并列句。‎ ‎（2） what you call “Ancient Greece” 是由 what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中做call的间接宾语。Ancient Greece是宾补。在本句中，what相当于the place that/which。‎ 拓展：①what引导的名词性从句除了可以作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语、表语或同位语等。‎ ‎②what在所引导的名词性从句中充当一定的成分。‎ ‎③what引导的名词性从句用陈述语序。‎ They've done what they can to help her.‎ 他们已经尽力帮助了她。‎ He is no longer what he was.‎ 他已经不是以前的那个样子了。‎ 比较：名词性从句中的what与that what引导名词性从句常在从句中表示某种意义且作成分，而that引导名词性从句时，that在从句中一般无实在意义，且在从句中不作任何句子成分。‎ The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was ten years ago.‎ 现在我校学生的数量是10年前的10倍。‎ All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple.‎ 所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。‎ ‎（3）used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，其否定和疑问形式，可以使用 used，也可以借助助动词 did。‎ Your father used to drink a lot, didn't he/usedn't he?‎ 你父亲曾喝酒很厉害，对不对？‎ He didn't use/usedn't to drive to work.‎ 他过去不曾开车上班。‎ 拓展：‎ ‎①used to do 表示过去经常做某事，也可以表示过去的状态。‎ be used to doing 意为“习惯于”，be 也可换成 get或 become。‎ be used to do 意为“被用于做……”，是被动语态。‎ It used to be a very quiet town.‎ 它过去曾是个非常安静的城镇。‎ The man got used to living in the countryside.‎ 那个男人已习惯于住在农村。‎ Wood can be used to make paper.‎ 木头可用于造纸。‎ ‎②used to 表示过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述过去的规则行为，现在已不存在此动作，不与表一段时间的状语连用；would表过去不大规则的行为动作，现在可能仍存在，常与 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等连用，但不与表示状态的动词连用。如：‎ There used to be an old temple on the hill.‎ 从前山上有座古庙。‎ She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.‎ 她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。‎ 完成句子 ‎（1）我设法得到了我要的东西。‎ I managed to get .‎ ‎（2）他希望的事终于成为现实。‎ ‎ at last came true.‎ ‎【答案】（1）what I wanted　（2）What he had hoped 单项选择 ‎（3）He finds his daughter is quite different from ______ she was five years ago.‎ A．who　　　　　B．what C．how D．which ‎（4）There ______ a supermarket across the street but now it has been pulled down.‎ A. used to be B. used to have C. was used to be D. used to being ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎2. It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.‎ 跑步、游泳、帆船和所有团队项目都是在夏季奥运会上进行。‎ ‎【要点提炼】句中It is/was...that...是强调句型。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎（1）强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分。‎ ‎（2）强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句结构分别为：‎ ‎①Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分？‎ ‎②特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其余部分？‎ ‎（3）由until引导的短语或从句的结构为：It is/was (not)until...that＋其余部分。‎ ‎①It was your sister that I met in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上见到的是你姐姐。‎ ‎②Was it yesterday that they attended a concert.‎ 他们是昨天参加的音乐会吗？‎ ‎③It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ 直到她摘下了墨镜我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。‎ 完成句子 ‎（1）我爸爸昨天晚上是在实验室做的实验。‎ ‎ my father did the experiment yesterday evening.‎ ‎（2）直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。‎ ‎ he went to bed.‎ ‎【答案】（1） It was the experiment that　（2）It was not until his wife came back that　‎ ‎3. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.‎ 她长得很美，跑得比希腊的任何男人都快。‎ ‎【要点提炼】句中用了比较级结构“faster than any man”表示最高级的含义。比较级表示最高级的常用结构有：‎ 比较级＋than＋ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：‎ ‎（1）never＋比较级 ‎（2）nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...‎ ‎（3）nothing/no＋比较级＋than...‎ ‎①China is larger than any other country in Asia.‎ 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都大。‎ ‎②Canada has more fresh water than any of the other countries in the world.‎ 加拿大所拥有的淡水比世界上其他国家都要多。‎ ‎③I have never heard a better(good) voice than hers.‎ 她的声音是我听到过最好的。‎ ‎④Nothing is as important as(＝more important than)practice.‎ 实践最为重要。‎ ‎［即学即练］‎ 完成句子 ‎（1）事实上，他比他班上的任何人都高。‎ In fact ，he is in his class.‎ ‎（2）俄罗斯比南美洲的任何一个国家的土地都多。‎ Russia has in the South America does.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.‎ 这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。‎ ‎【要点提炼】句中含有“the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语），the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语）”结构，该结构意为“（……）越……，（……）越……”。表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎（1）“the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语），the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语）”表示一方随另一方变化。‎ ‎（2）“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示人/事物本身在程度上的改变。‎ ‎①The more a man knows，the more he is inclined to be modest.‎ 大智若愚。‎ ‎②The higher you stand，the farther you'll see.‎ 你站得越高，就看得越远。‎ ‎③The weather is getting warmer and warmer.‎ 天气越来越暖和了。‎ 完成句子 ‎（1）你越仔细，出现的错误就越少。‎ The more careful you are， .‎ ‎（2）你的对话越短越好。‎ ‎ your dialogue is， it is.‎ ‎【答案】（1）the fewer mistakes you'll make　（2）The shorter；the better ‎5. No other countries could join in，nor_could_slaves_or_women！‎ 其他国家都不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！‎ ‎【要点提炼】本句nor位于句首，句子用倒装，意为“……也不”，用于否定陈述句之后，说明后者的情况与前者相同。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)句型“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一个主语”用于肯定陈述句之后，表示前句所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物。‎ ‎(2)句型“so＋主语＋系动词/助动词/情态动词”中的主语与前一句的主语通常是指同一个“人”或“物”，主语、谓语不需要倒装。这种句型表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况或事实，其中的so作“不错；确实如此”讲。‎ ‎(3)句型“so it is(was)with＋另一主语或it is(was)the same with＋另一主语”既能表示肯定意义，又能表示否定意义，其主要用于以下情况：上文有两个分句；上文有两个(或两个以上)不同谓语；上文既有肯定也有否定。‎ 单项选择 ‎（1）If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday,＿＿＿＿＿. ‎ A.so do I B.so will I C. nor do I D. nor will I ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎（2）She is not fond of cooking，_______I.‎ A.so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】表示“……也不”时，用neither/nor +助动词（情态动词……）+主语。CD项则是助动词错误。‎ ‎（3）―David has made great progress recently.‎ ‎― ，and .‎ A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have ‎【答案】B ‎6. There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ ‎【要点提炼】此句基本结构：as much＋不可数名词＋as...，意为“和……(程度上)是一样的”。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】as...as“像……一样”， 其中的第一个as为副词，其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级)，第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点。‎ 如：as...as同级比较的形式有：‎ ‎（1）as＋adj./adv.＋as ‎（2）当as...as中间有名词时，可采用以下格式：‎ as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.（可数名词单数形式）＋as as＋adj.＋n.（可数名词复数形式或不可数名词）＋as ‎（3）否定形式：not so/as...as ‎（4）...times as＋adj./adv.＋as“是……的几倍……”，表达倍数的词必须置于比较结构之前。‎ ‎①I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。‎ ‎②You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。‎ ‎③He doesn’t study as hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。‎ 单项选择 ‎（1）She doesn’t speak ____________her friend, but her written work is excellent.‎ A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：她说的没有她朋友好，当时她的书面表达是很棒的。as well as和…一样好，修饰的是动词speak，故选A ‎（2）Determined not to fall behind, Alex now spends ________ as he used to on physics, his weakest subject.‎ A. twice as much time B. as twice much time C. twice much time as D. as twice time much ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎7. Every four years.每四年一次。‎ ‎—How often do you hold your Games? ——每隔多久举办一次奥运会？‎ ‎—Every four years. ——每4年一次。‎ ‎【要点提炼】“每……，每隔……”的说法：‎ ‎（1）every＋基数词＋复数名词＝every＋序数词＋单数名词 ‎（2）every other＋单数名词 每隔一…… ‎ ‎（3）every few＋复数名词 每隔几…… ‎ ‎①every five days 每隔四天 ‎②every fourth day 每隔三天 ‎③every other day 每隔一天 ‎④every few days 每隔几天(注意 few前没有a)‎ ‎ He comes here every three days (every third day). 他每三天(每隔两天)来这儿一次。‎ 单项选择 The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books______.‎ A. every a few lines B. each a few lines C. every few lines D. each few lines 解析：“每/每隔……”短语中只能用 every, 而不用 each；“every few＋名词复数”表示“每隔几……”，few前不能加 a。‎ 答案：C 四、重点语法突破 一般将来时的被动语态 将来时的被动语态表示：动作发生在将来；强调动作的承受者,或不能或无须体积提及动作的执行者。‎ ‎（一）基本用法 一般将来时的被动语态在各种句式中的用法如下：‎ ‎1．肯定式：shall/will＋be＋过去分词 A new car factory will be built in our city.‎ 我门市将建一座新汽车厂。‎ ‎2．否定式：won't/shan't＋be＋过去分词 He will not be punished for it.‎ 他将不会为此受到惩罚。‎ ‎3．一般疑问式：will/shall＋主语＋be＋过去分词 Will some world-famous singers be invited?‎ 一些世界著名歌星将被邀请吗？‎ ‎4．特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋shall/will＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他 What shall I be given as my birthday presents?‎ 我会得到什么生日礼物呢？‎ ‎（二）其他表示将来的被动语态形式 ‎1．be to be done ‎（1）表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。‎ The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008.‎ ‎2008年第29届奥运会将要在北京举行。‎ ‎（2）表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方意见。‎ What is to be done next？下一步该怎么办呢？‎ ‎（3）表示“必须”，意思相当于must 或 have to。‎ Your paper is to be handed in before Thursday.‎ 你的论文要在星期四之前上交。‎ ‎2．be going to be done 常用来表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。‎ Some old buildings are going to be put down.‎ 一些老建筑将被推倒。‎ ‎3．will/shall get＋过去分词 The workers will get paid before the end of December.‎ 十月底工人就发工资。‎ ‎4．am/is/are about to be done表示立即或马上就要发生的被动动作 The polluted water is about to be cleaned.‎ 被污染的水即将被净化。‎ ‎5．am/is/are done用于状语从句中表示将来要发生或完成的被动动作 When our classroom is decorated，it will be more beautiful.‎ 当我们的教室被装修完毕时，它一定会更加漂亮。‎ ‎（三）应注意的几个问题 ‎1．在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。如：‎ If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.‎ 如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。‎ He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this.‎ 他说如果为这事受处罚他就辞职。‎ ‎2．动词短语变被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。‎ The little girl will be taken care of by the old man.‎ 这个小女孩将由这个老人照顾。‎ ‎3．使用一般将来时被动语态时，易遗漏被动式中的be。例如：‎ ‎ A new film will shown at the cinema next week.‎ ‎ A new film will be shown at the cinema next week.‎ Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year?‎ ‎ Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year?‎ ‎4．含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中的一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一个宾语保留不变。‎ My mother will give me a shirt as a birthday present.‎ ‎→I will be given a shirt (by my mother) as a birthday present.‎ 我的妈妈将给我一件衬衣作为生日礼物。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2015·安徽高考·单项填空)It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.‎ ‎2．(2015·重庆高考·单项填空)The meeting (hold) in September，but nobody knows the date for sure.‎ ‎3．Sir Denis，who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection is (leave) to the nation.‎ ‎4．These trees are not going to (cut) down.‎ ‎5．Hundreds of jobs (lose) if the factory closes.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．They will hold the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.(被动语态)‎ ‎→ ‎ ‎2．These trees are going to be cut down.(否定式)‎ ‎→ ‎ ‎3．The book will be finished soon.(一般疑问句)‎ ‎→ ‎ ‎4．My brother will give me a book.(被动语态)‎ ‎→ ‎ ‎5．A new school will be built next year by the government.(主动词态)‎ ‎→ ‎ Ⅲ.单项填空 ‎ ‎1. Hundreds of jobs ____ if the factory closes. ‎ A. lose        B. will be lost    C. are lost    D. will lose ‎ ‎2. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ____ ‎ A. will be taken     B. are taken ‎ C. were taken        D. had been taken ‎ ‎3. I ____ if I finish the work within one day. ‎ A. shall be praised      B. would praise   ‎ C. will praise       D. praise ‎ ‎4. —A party is going to ____ tonight. Would you like to go with me?    ‎ ‎—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.‎ A. organize            B. have been organized ‎ C. be organizing      D. be organized ‎ ‎5. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meet ____ in the playground of our school. ‎ A. is holding    B. will hold   ‎ C. will be held    D. is to be holding ‎ ‎6. Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.   ‎ A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung ‎ ‎7. The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.   ‎ A. be stopped to throw   B. be stopped from throwing  ‎ ‎ C. stop to throw      D. stop from throwing ‎ ‎8. The teapot ___ water.  ‎ A. is filled with    B. filled of     C. falling of    D. filled ‎ ‎9. Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.   ‎ A. speak to    B. spoken    C. speak    D. spoken to ‎ ‎10. Newly-born babies ____in hospital.    ‎ A. are taken good care     B. are taken good care of ‎ C. take good care of        D. take good care ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎