2019-2020学年内蒙古赤峰二中高二上学期第一次月考英语试题 Word版 23页

赤峰二中2019-2020学年 高二年级第一次月考 英语试题 考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分 第一部分 基础知识（共一节，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列各题，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎1. The key to ______ the problem is to meet the demands ______ by the customers.‎ A. solving; making B. solving; made C. solve; making D. solve; made ‎2. One of the meteor (陨石) pieces was found to have crashed into a frozen lake, ______ a six-meter wide hole.‎ A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left ‎3. Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the world’s first ecosystem ______ because of global warming.‎ A. to disappear B. disappearing C. disappeared D. having disappeared ‎4. ______ by feelings of loneliness, I started crying.‎ A. Frustrating B. To be frustrated C. Frustrated D. Having frustrated ‎5. Many parents happily paid a lot of money, only ______ the tours were not rewarding enough for their children.‎ A. finding B. found C. to find D. have founding ‎6. More than 20 people believed______ bush-fires in Australia’s New South Wales have been caught by the police. ‎ A. starting B. to start C. started D. to have started ‎7. It remains ______whether or not she was lying.‎ A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see ‎8. ______ a child star can be a bad thing as well as a gift.‎ A. Being B. To be C. Been D. Having been ‎9. Some 76,300 high school students went abroad for their education, ______ 23 percent of all the Chinese students studying abroad.‎ A. taking up B. taken up C. to take up D. having taken up ‎10. At about 7 pm, I finally arrived at my subway station, ______ and aching.‎ A. tiring B. being tired C. tired D. having been tired ‎11. I would like to get this matter ______ by the end of this month.‎ A. settling B. to settle C. settle D. settled ‎12. ______ with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young, Pi knows how to keep them under control.‎ A. Growing up B. Having grown up C. Grown up D. Being grown up ‎13. What he said was beyond my expectation and I found myself ______ straight at him.‎ A. staring B. stared C. to stare D. having stared ‎14. ______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.‎ A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid ‎15. Three officials ______ in the “Golden Rice” test on school children have been fired.‎ A. involving B. involved C. to involve D. having involved ‎16. Eventually, he regretted ______ school and decided to go back.‎ A. being left B. left C. to leave D. having left ‎17. In the study, 145 people ______ between 19 and 32 were asked to list as many unusual uses as possible for everyday objects.‎ A. aging B. age C. aged D. being aged ‎18. Do you often have trouble ______ a comfortable position in bed?‎ A. finding B. found C. to find D. find ‎19. ______ that he didn’t pass the exam, he felt extremely sad.‎ A. Telling B. Having told C. To be told D. Having been told ‎20. The airport ______ next year will have the capacity to handle 500,000 passengers.‎ A. to be completed B. being completed C. completed D. having been completed ‎21. The mother was angry because her 10-year-old son wasn’t allowed ______ water in class.‎ A. drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drunk ‎22. Keep me ______ of how the project is going, OK?‎ A. inform B. informed C. informing D. being informed 23. ‎______ from his expression, he must have enjoyed his meal.‎ A. Judging B. Judged C. Judge D. Having judged ‎24. ______ at the paper full of crosses, he was shocked and speechless.‎ A. Staring B. Stared C. Having stared D. To Stare ‎25. ______ the project, they decided to stay there for another week.‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed ‎ C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ‎26. The parents suggested ______ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.‎ A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. slept ‎27. The question of whether ______ a picnic was still under discussion.‎ A. to have B. having C. have D. had ‎28. When ______, the library will be open to the public next year.‎ A. completed B. completing 　 C. being completed D. to be completed ‎29. While watching television, ______ .‎ A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎30. It says that people can say anything they want without ______ by the government, as long as they are not encouraging crime or making true threats.‎ A. punishing B. punished C. being punished D. to be punished 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A A BIG DAY OUT Home to Scotland's national maritime (海事的) collection, the award winning Scottish Maritime Museum makes a great day out, with so much to do:‎ ‎● Explore tools and tales across the big Linthouse, a former shipyard (造船厂) building.‎ ‎● See historic ships such as Garnock & Carola, a steam boat built in 1898.‎ ‎● Test a model boat on our indoor boating pond or sail your own on our outdoor boating pond.‎ ‎● Learn about Scotland's importance to maritime history, and about the people that built and sailed Scottish ships around the world.‎ Irvine public tours Leaving the Linthouse three times a day and lasting about 75 minutes, you will visit the 1920s Tenement Flat and take a step back in time in a typical (典型的) shipyard worker's home. Then, weather permitting, you can experience life at sea onboard MV Kyles, the oldest Clyde-built boat still in service in the UK.‎ Getting here:‎ By rail: five minutes' walk from Irvine Railway Station By road: From the A77, take the A71 and follow the brown signs to the Harbourside and the Maritime Museum. (FREE PARKING)‎ By bus: No 11 from Ardrossan, Saltcoats, Stevenson, Kilwinning, Irvine and Kilmarnock;‎ No 585 from Ayr, Irvine and Greenock;‎ X34 from Irvine, Beith and Glasgow;‎ ‎14A Service from Troon all have convenient bus stops nearby.‎ By sea: We have our own spot in Irvine harbour that visitors can use. Pre-booking is needed by emailing visitorservices@scotmaritime.org.uk.‎ By bike: We have cycle spaces within our boat shop. We are located on Route 7 of the National Cycle Network.‎ Opening times and admission:‎ Open daily: 10 am – 5 pm Monday to Sunday Adults: ￡7.50 (age 17+)‎ Concessions (优惠): ￡5.50 (Visitors aged 60+, registered disabled (已注册的残疾人士), or full time students aged 17+)‎ Children: Three go FREE (age 16 and under) with any paying adult or concession EXTRA CHILD PRICE IS ￡2.‎ Registered carers: One free when accompanying (陪同) a paid disabled person Group visits: Pre-booked groups of 10 or more receive special rates from ￡4 for a self-tour ‎31. What can you do during Irvine public tours?‎ A. Design a model ship. B. Try sailing a boat.‎ C. See the latest ships. D. Learn about the maritime history of England.‎ ‎32. If you want to visit Linthouse in winter, at what time can you attend a tour?‎ A. 10:00 am. B. 11:00 am. C. 12:00 pm. D. 14:30 pm.‎ ‎33. Which bus can you take from Glasgow to visit the museum?‎ A. 14A Service. B. No 585. C. X34. D. No 11.‎ B Last year my children gifted me a stainless steel (不锈钢的) coffee plunger (法式按压咖啡壶). I love to start the day with a strong black coffee and couldn't wait to use it. I looked forward to the following morning's coffee making, knowing that I probably wouldn't smash (打碎) this plunger as easily as I had done so often in the past.‎ But as I poured my first cup of coffee, the plunger spilled (洒出) all over the table. Thankfully no one was around to see my disappointed face! I kept trying, but each morning would see me wiping up the coffee. Then I realized that if I poured very slowly there would be no spilling.‎ This was at first a very painful experience. My normal practice was to rush through breakfast so that I could get on with my day.‎ But in time I learned not only to pour slowly but to enjoy the experience: the smell, the taste, and the stillness of a new day.‎ It prompted (促使) me to reflect upon whether there were other areas of my life I was rushing through. Most of life, it seemed.‎ I started to leave extra time to do even the most ordinary tasks. When shop owners would apologize for keeping me waiting, I'd say, "Not a problem, I'm not in a hurry." Even hanging out washing became pleasurable when a couple of extra minutes of standing still and listening to the birds singing in the trees around me became part of my routine.‎ Besides, one of my favorite experiences living in the inner city for many years was sitting on the front doorstep of our home spending time with strangers. We sat on the steps, each of us with a cup of coffee in our hands, listening to each other's stories. It was one of the warmest things about living in a busy city. It was as if the world around us slowed to a pace (步伐) we could both handle.‎ Stillness and quietness not only slow the pace of life, but also feed the soul, helping us to enjoy the world's small pleasures.‎ ‎34. What was the author’s life like before receiving the coffee plunger?‎ A. Hurried. B. Relaxing. C. Simple. D. Disappointing.‎ ‎35. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Dealing with the spilled coffee. B. Learning to use the new coffee plunger.‎ C. Trying to pour coffee more slowly. D. Rushing through breakfast.‎ ‎36. What happened when the author changed her lifestyle?‎ A. She had more time for important things.‎ B. She found joy in ordinary tasks.‎ C. She made friends with many shop owners.‎ D. She had a better relationship with her family members.‎ ‎37. What is the main purpose of this article?‎ A. To tell people how to live a meaningful and full life.‎ B. To reflect on the meaning of living a slow-paced life.‎ C. To show the importance of the gift from her daughter.‎ D. To encourage readers to communicate more with strangers.‎ C Nobel prize-winners, legendary (传奇的) authors, and famous scientists – you might think all these people were born to be creative. However, that's not always the case.‎ While well-known figures like Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein did their most significant (重要的) work in their youth, famous American poet Robert Frost and English-born natural scientist Charles Darwin were known as "late bloomers" – people whose talents were not noticeable until later in life.‎ This idea of "peaking" at different times inspired new research from the United States. "Many people believe that creativity is exclusively (独有地) associated (有联系的) with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you're talking about," said Bruce Weinburg, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago and co-author of the study.‎ According to the study, published earlier this month in the journal De Economist, there are two types of people: conceptual (概念的) and experimental thinkers.‎ To reach this conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify (识别) their creative peaks.‎ Some peaked from ages 25-29. Classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas before they become used to the conventional way of doing things.‎ The second creative peak came with economists in their 50s. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their field for a long time. This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions.‎ ‎"Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you have a conceptual or experimental approach," said Weinburg. He added that their study isn't limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域). So if you're struggling to come up with new ideas, don't panic. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive. ‎ ‎38. What did the study from the US find?‎ A. Young people are not necessary more creative than the old people.‎ B. Most people take a conceptual approach when thinking.‎ C. One's creative peak is related to their job type.‎ D. Conceptual and experimental thinkers hit their peaks at different times.‎ ‎39. What does the underlined word "conventional" mean in context?‎ A. Easy. B. Unusual. C. Traditional. D. Appropriate.‎ ‎40. What do we know about experimental thinkers?‎ A. Their talents usually bloom in their 20s.‎ B. They are good at doing experiments.‎ C. They work out new methods based on experience.‎ D. They are more successful than conceptual thinkers.‎ ‎41. What would Weinberg probably agree with?‎ A. It's difficult to find one's talent in later years.‎ B. More research needs to be done about creative peaks.‎ C. Conceptual thinkers could be more successful in the art field.‎ D. Experimental thinkers from other fields may be most successful in their 50s.‎ D Do you often feel like you want to wash your hands again and again? Or do you ever have the urge to line ‎ up the items on your desk? These all may be symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (强迫症), or OCD, which affects about 2 percent of the world's population.‎ Those who suffer from OCD have difficulty finding successful treatment because doctors don't clearly understand its causes. But now, a new study has given hope for a future cure.‎ For the study, which was published in the journal Nature in October, researchers observed humans, dogs and mice. They discovered four genes that may be responsible for obsessive-compulsive behaviors in humans.‎ But why observe dogs and mice to learn about humans?‎ ‎"Dogs, it turns out, are surprisingly similar to people," study author and geneticist Elinor Karlsson, of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, US, told NPR. "They're chasing their own tail or chasing shadows like normal, but they're doing it for hours."‎ In the study, researchers made a list of about 600 genes in mice, dogs and humans that they thought might cause OCD, reported NPR. They then compared those genes in two large groups of people – those who don't have OCD and those who do. In the end, they identified just four genes with mutations (突变) in the OCD group. The genes are active in a neurological pathway (神经通路) in the brain, which is believed to help control actions. But the mutations could block the neurological pathway.‎ For example, for people without OCD, when they finish washing their hands, a signal will come, telling them to stop. But for people with OCD, the neurological pathway is blocked, so the message isn't getting through. As a result, the person will continue to wash their hands.‎ ‎"OCD and anxiety are kind of like learning disorders," Marcos Grados, an OCD researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, told NPR. "Often with OCD, people have a fear of germs (细菌). You can't touch tables or door knobs (把手) and every time it's the same sensation (感觉). You didn't learn that the last time you touched a door knob, nothing happened. It's like touching it for the first time ever."‎ However, that doesn't mean people who have these genetic mutations will always have obsessive-compulsive behaviors, the researchers said. That's because the disorder also relies on other things, such as one's environment.‎ According to reports, various existing treatment methods have low success rates in patients. But now that we know where OCD comes from, let's hope we will soon find an effective way to treat it.‎ ‎42. What did researchers recently find about OCD?‎ A. They found a possible cure for it. B. It is a common problem among animals.‎ C. It can be caused by genetic mutations. D. It can be passed on to the next generation.‎ ‎43. What would a typical OCD sufferer probably do?‎ A. Enjoy shaking hands with others. B. Touch door knobs from time to time.‎ C. Keep washing their hands. D. Enjoy the company of friends.‎ ‎44. What is the problem for OCD sufferers according to the study?‎ A. They have four missing genes that control their behavior.‎ B. Some part of their neurological pathway is damaged.‎ C. Their brains are not sensitive to behavioral signals.‎ D. Their brains can't receive messages to stop repeated actions.‎ ‎45. Which of the following will the author probably agree with?‎ A. OCD causes more trouble than anxiety.‎ B. A genetic mutation is the main cause of OCD.‎ C. Environment plays a more important role in OCD than genes.‎ D. It's possible to find effective treatment for OCD.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Chinese culture values family bonds (纽带) very much. Family members don’t just gather during the holidays, in fact they often live under one roof all year round.‎ ‎46. _______________ Families in the East and West are very different from each other.‎ In most East Asian cultures, extended families (大家庭) are common. 47. _______________ According to the Atlantic, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.‎ In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families (小家庭). These are solely made up of children and their parents.‎ Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ.‎ ‎48. _______________ It’s normal for parents to pay for their children’s college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents’ opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not.‎ In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18. 49. _______________ Also, if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.‎ While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence. 50. _______________ Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.‎ A. These families have three or even four generations living together.‎ B. Nuclear families are the most common type in China.‎ C. In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.‎ D. Different cultures have different family values.‎ E. But in the end, home is best – east or west.‎ F. Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part-time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent.‎ G. Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.‎ 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个解析项中，解析出可以填入空白处的最佳解析项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Ring! Ring! Ring! It was early in the morning and I knew who was --51-- as I reached for the telephone. I was a new substitute teacher (代课教师) trying to earn enough money to --52-- my family. Each morning, I --53-- for a call that would take me to a different classroom. The last three classes had all been determined to --54-- me and see just how much bad behavior they could get away with (逃脱惩罚). I had responded (应对) by being --55-- with the students. I didn't really --56-- to go to work that morning, especially since it was my birthday.‎ Still, I answered the phone and --57-- the job. My family needed the money and I couldn't --58-- to be picky (挑剔的). As I was driving to work, I --59-- to try harder to be the best teacher that I could be.‎ As the class started, the students --60-- tried to see what they could get away with. This time, though, I was --61-- but fair with them. I did my best to make my lessons --62--. I shared smiles, praised their efforts, and encouraged them to work hard.‎ The results were --63--. My unruly (难以驾驭的) classroom soon --64--. Students were learning and laughing, and I --65-- felt like I was doing my job right. I went home feeling --66-- in my heart and enjoyed the rest of my birthday with my family.‎ I remembered something that I once read: "Every day is a new opportunity to --67-- again. Every day is ‎ your birthday." Every day is a --68-- for us to get things right, to live our lives with love and joy, and to make this world a better place. Don't --69-- a single day. Just try to be the best you can be. Never stop --70--.‎ ‎51. A. bothering B. calling C. knocking D. playing ‎52. A. pay B. impress C. support D. provide ‎53. A. waited B. asked C. looked D. headed ‎54. A. please B. test C. persuade D. surprise ‎55. A. patient B. honest C. satisfied D. angry ‎56. A. want B. need C. choose D. hesitate ‎57. A. refused B. received C. took D. completed ‎58. A. manage B. pretend C. expect D. afford ‎59. A. agreed B. decided C. appeared D. started ‎60. A. in time B. at last C. at once D. once again ‎61. A. strict B. worried C. mad D. disappointed ‎62. A. clear B. useful C. fun D. difficult ‎63. A. strange B. funny C. important D. amazing ‎64. A. changed B. divided C. returned D. disappeared ‎65. A. again B. even C. finally D. nearly ‎66. A. confused B. happy C. tired D. upset ‎67. A. check B. settle C. discover D. begin ‎68. A. chance B. choice C. risk D. goal ‎69. A. spend B. forget C. waste D. save ‎70. A. learning B. trying C. asking D. thinking 第II卷 第二节 语法填空(共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分)‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置.‎ I can still remember the day we brought her home from the animal shelter (收容所). Lexie moved in my arms when I held her, 71. ________ the second I handed this lovely dog to my daughter, she settled down. My daughter cried tears of joy while 72. ________ (hold) her on the way home and Lexie happily licked (舔) them away.‎ Since then, they 73. ________ (be) good friends. They lie under blankets on the sofa and watch TV together. When my daughter climbs into bed, Lexie will carry her toys on top of the covers 74. ________ (join) her. Lexie's favorite spot is right in my daughter's arms. If she could spend every second of the day there, she 75. ________.‎ The other day I 76. ________ (watch) Lexie while my daughter, who lives right up the road from me, did some housework. When it was time 77. ________ Lexie to go home, I could see Lexie's 78. ________ (excite) as I leashed (用皮带牵) her up. I opened the back door and let her out. She was running as fast as she could. I called her name, but 79. ________ was no use. She had found my daughter on the road. My daughter bent down to pick her up. Lexie jumped into her arms and happily licked her face.‎ I smiled, seeing she was back 80. ________ she belonged.‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10处，每处1分，满分10分）‎ 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ It's been two years when I joined the campus radio station. During this time, I had done several interviews. Every time I finish to writing an article, I am proud of myself for able to introduce my schoolmates to the things I've seen. It was difficult at times, but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper, you knew that it was something worth doing. My parents, teachers and schoolmates congratulated me on that I did. I felt happily when I shared a new story with them. The greatest thing about being the reporter is being able to share your thought with others.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国的“新四大发明”（共享单车、高铁、支付宝和网购）很感兴趣，特写信向你询问。请你给他回信，选一项发明进行介绍。‎ 注意： 1. 词数不少于100；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示： 共享单车 bike-sharing 高铁 high-speed rail 支付宝 Alipay 网购 online shopping Dear Jim,‎ Yours, ‎ Li, Hua 高二第一次月考英语答案 基础知识 ‎1-5 BBACC 6-10 DBAAC 11-15 DBACB 16-20 DCADA ‎21-25 BBAAC 26-30 CAACC 阅读理解 A 31-33 BCC B 34-37 ACBB C 38-41 DCCD D 42-45 CCDD 七选五 ‎46-50 DACFE ‎ 完形填空 ‎31-55 BCABD 56-60 ACDBD 61-65 ACDAC 66-70 BDACB 语法填空 71. but 72. holding 73. have been 74. to join 75. would 76. Watched/was watching 77. for 78. excitement 79. it 80. where 短文改错 1. when→since 2. had done→have done 3. finish后to去掉 ‎ 4. for∧being able to 5. publish→published 6. you knew→I knew 7. that I did→what I did 8. happily→happy 9. the reporter→a reporter 10. thought→thoughts 书面表达 One possible version A Each of the four new inventions involves a series of new technologies. High-speed railway involves new material technology, motor technology, bogie processing technology as well as network control ‎ technology. From its engine to its cover to its rails, high-speed railway integrates many high technologies. And since high-speed railway is an exemplary combination of technological innovation and industrial capacity, it would not have been possible without China's mature manufacturing industry.‎ Besides, this invention plays a rather important role in China's modern development. Featuring high speed, huge passenger carrying capacity, low pollution and high safety, it consumes limited energy and resources and has greatly improved the transportation efficiency of the country. China is not only developing a high-speed railway network within the country; it is also building high-speed railways overseas to improve infrastructure in other countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.‎ Alipay, the other new invention, has to a large extent solved the trust problem of online trade with modern technologies, by introducing real-name registration, digital certificates and dynamic password based on smart phones. More importantly, it has been constantly adopting new technologies such as 3D fingerprint detection.‎ By popularizing mobile payment, Alipay is freeing people of the burden of carrying cash. Many foreign tourists who visit China marvel at the convenience of Alipay－all people need to have is a smart phone, which enables them to pay for almost everything. That saves business cost for the whole society and promotes sales. And Chinese consumers have ample reason to be proud of it.‎ The business of shared bicycles is also based on mobile network, third-party payment and big data technologies, and it has revolutionized the concept of traffics and optimized the usage of roads in cities. Before shared bikes were introduced, urban residents had almost given up on bicycles. But shared bikes have made people realize the benefits of eco-friendly commuting.‎ Bike sharing has also helped ease traffic jams in cities, by prompting more people to use bicycles, instead of cars, for short-distance travel. The manufacturing industry, too, has benefited, because of the resultant huge demand for bikes.‎ Online shopping also combines technologies such as the internet, online financing and advanced logistics. It has turned the world into a village in the truest sense of the term: people can now buy anything from anywhere in the world. Moreover, it has helped develop logistical technology to meet the needs of transporting large quantities of goods across long distances at short notice.‎ True, online shopping poses a challenge to brick-and-mortar stores, but it has also prompted them to improve their services and cut their costs. And the result could be an overall improvement in business.‎ In other words, the "four new great inventions" have combined modern technologies and helped the Chinese economy to move toward innovation-driven development. Therefore, every Chinese should feel proud of the "four new great inventions".‎ One possible version B In recent years, a number of China's technological innovations have been making their moves in the world. Among them, four stand out with a reputation of China's "four great new inventions" in modern times, which have made the daily life of the public more and more convenient.‎ Dockless shared bicycles Presently, there are over 30 bike-sharing companies in China that operate around 10 million bicycles for shared use to individuals in dozens of Chinese cities.‎ Although the service of shared bikes originated from Western countries, China surprised the world with a business model of station-less shared bikes that spearheads the sharing economy.‎ Compared with traditional shared bikes, dockless bikes allow users to simply pick up or park a bike anywhere on the street, instead of at designated docking points.‎ By combining GPS, smartphone apps, mobile payment and Internet of Things technology, China's system of dockless shared bikes provides the public with a convenient and affordable transport alternative.‎ To unlock a bike, you need to scan a QR (Quick Response) code on a shared bike through a smartphone app. To finish riding, you manually lock the bike and pay for your ride though mobile payment services that are connected with the bike app, such as AliPay and the WeChat wallet.‎ China's two leading bike-sharing operators, Mobike and Ofo, have been gearing up for global expansion.‎ Mobike entered Singapore in March and Manchester, Britain, in June. Its distinctive orange bikes can also be spotted on the streets of Florence and Milan, Italy. This September, Mobike is set to land on the soil of London. Ofo, similarly, has begun operating in the United States, Britain, Singapore and Kazakhstan.‎ In the financial market, the two rivalries have also gone neck and neck. In June, Mobike raised $600 million in a Series E financing round led by China's Internet titan Tencent, the largest in the global bike sharing industry to date. Now, the company's total funding has reached nearly $1 billion. In February, Ofo also raised $450 million, which valued the company at $1 billion.‎ High-speed rail ‎ Boasting low cost and quick delivery, China has built the world's longest high-speed rail (HSR) network. Branded as a "name card" for China, HSR runs at speeds of 250-350 kilometers per hour (km/h).‎ By the end of 2016, China had a 124,000-km railway network, which had the world's largest HSR network of more than 22,000 km. It had operated 2,595 high-speed trains by 2016, which took up 60 percent of the world's total high-speed trains.‎ HSR service debuted in China in 2008. Since then, the country has witnessed an average annual growth of over 30 percent in passenger trips, according to statistics from the China Railway Corporation. By 2016, there had been more than 5 billion passenger trips on China's bullet trains in eight years.‎ Currently, China is working on next-generation bullet trains with a maximum speed of 400 km/h. By 2020, one fifth of the country's 150,000-km railway network will have been HSR, linking more than 80 percent of major cites across the country, according to data from the National Development and Reform Commission.‎ China's HSR has also gone global. In 2014, China completed the construction of its first overseas high-speed rail in Turkey. In June 2015, China and Russia inked deals for 770 km of track connecting Moscow and Kazan.‎ In October 2015, China and Indonesia signed a joint-venture agreement on the construction of a high-speed rail between Jakarta and Bandung. Besides, the China-Thailand railway is currently under construction.‎ Alipay Alipay, or Zhifubao, is China's leading mobile and online payment service, established in 2004 by China's e-commerce giant Alibaba Group. During the online transaction process, Alipay acts as a third-party platform, on which buyers pay for their goods by imputing payment passwords or scanning payment code on the Alipay app installed on their mobile devices.‎ Besides, Alipay can also be used for transferring money from one Alipay online account to another account, or from the online account to a bank account by binding a debit card to the online account. It is such convenience that enables China to edge its way towards being a cashless society.‎ On top of that, users can pay family or personal bills through Alipay, such as water and electricity bills.‎ Alipay also supports cross-border online and in-store payment, which allows users to make purchases on international websites and apps with Alipay.‎ In 2013, Alipay exceeded PayPal as the world's largest mobile payment platform. Thanks to the massive user base and various payment scenarios in China, online and mobile payment has enjoyed absolute advantages in market competition.‎ In the first quarter of 2017, the market share of Alipay and its major rivalry Tenpay (Wechat payment) reached respectively 54 percent and 40 percent, according to Chinese market research and consulting company iResearch.‎ E-commerce/Online shopping ‎ With around 731 million Internet users, China has been the world's largest and fastest-growing e-commerce market. In 2016, online shopping in China saw a growth rate of 26.2 percent, generating 5.16 trillion yuan ($767 billion), according to a report on China's economic data by the National Bureau of Statistics.‎ Last year, Chinese people bought more food online with a growth of 28.5 percent. Clothing sales rose by 18.1 percent in the year, while items like mobile devices took up nearly 12 percent.‎ E-commerce now accounts for 15.5 percent of the total retail sales in the country. Thanks to lower costs and fewer licensing requirements, the bar for individual merchants to open an online shop in China has been set lower than the threshold for opening a physical retail store.‎ E-commerce has also injected fresh vigor and vitality into the economy of rural China in recent years. In 2016, e-commerce created more than 20 million jobs in rural villages, with over 8.1 million online business owners. Rural buyers also contributed 894 billion yuan ($131 billion) to China's e-commerce sales last year.‎ Leading operators in China's e-commerce market include JD.com, and Alibaba's Tmall and Taobao.‎