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Unit 9 Wheels
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．jam n． 阻塞，拥挤
2．flat adj. 平的
3．parking n. 停车场
4．baggage n. 行李
5．platform n. 站台，月台
6．ambassador n. 大使
7．gentle adj. 和善的，温和的
8．interpreter n. 译员，口译者
9．timetable n. 时间表
10．content n. 容纳的东西；目录
11．operator n. 操作人员，接线员
12．essay n. 散文
13．pavement n. 人行道
14．physical adj. 身体的；物质的
15．fare n. 票价，车费
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．therefore adv. 所以，因此
2．hopeful adj. (人)抱有希望的
3．wherever conj. 无论在何处，无论到哪里
4．insert vt. 插入，嵌入
5．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留
6．sensitive adj. 善解人意的；敏感的
7．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量
8．schedule n. 时间表；进度表
9．chapter n. 章节
10．amount n. 数量
11．figure n. 数字，数目
12．somehow adv. 以某种方式
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13．whichever pron. 无论哪个
14．damage vt.& n. 损害，损失
15．nowhere adv. 无处，任何地方都不
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．actually adv. 实际地，真实地→actual adj. 实际的
2．benefit vi.& n. 得益；好处→beneficial adj. 有好处的
3．convenient adj. 方便的，便利的→convenience n. 方便，便利
4．consequence n. 后果，结果→consequent adj. 因……而引起的
5．argue vi. 争辩，争吵→argument n. 理由；依据；争论，争辩
6．reliable adj. 可靠的→rely vi. 依靠，依赖
7．appreciate vt. 感谢；欣赏→appreciation n. 感激；评价
8．construction n. 建筑；建筑物→construct vt. 建造，建筑→constructor n. 建造者；制造者
9．physical adj. 身体的；物质的→physicist n. 物理学家→physics n. 物理学；物理现象
10．admit vt. 承认，供认→admission n. 承认
11．addicted adj. 沉溺于……的→addict vi.& n. 使沉溺，使上瘾；瘾君子→addiction n. 瘾，沉溺；癖好→addictive adj. 上瘾的
12．occupy vt. 占用(空间、面积、时间等)→occupied adj. 使用中的；有人使用(或居住)的→occupation n. 职业
13．suit vt. 适合→suitable adj. 适合的
14．frequent adj.时常发生的→ frequently adv. 经常地；频繁地
1.“因此”家族
①therefore adv. 因此；所以
②so conj. 因此；所以
③thus adv. 因此；于是
④consequently adv.
所以；因此
⑤as a result 结果；因此
2.由vocabulary想到的
①word 单词
②phrase 短语
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③sentence 句子
④idiom 习语
⑤proverb 谚语
3.“感谢”家庭
①grateful adj.感激的 gratitude n． 感激
②appreciate v. 感激；感谢 appreciation n. 感激
③thank v．& n. 感谢 thankful adj. 感激的
④acknowledge v. 感谢 acknowledgment n. 感谢
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．be__in__touch__with 和……有联系
2．go__through 通过，经过
3．(be)__stressed__out 紧张的，有压力的
4．compared__to/with 和……相比
5．in__conclusion 总之，最后
6．be__obsessed__with/be__addicted__to 沉迷于，沉醉于
7．bring...to__life 使……复活/苏醒
8．fed__up 不愉快的，厌烦的
9．rely__on 依赖，依靠
10．work__out 锻炼身体，做运动；
制定出；计算出
11．pull__up (车辆)停止，停车
12．pull__out (火车)驶离车站，出站
13．so__far 迄今为止
14．take__place 举行；发生
15．go__up 上升
16．on__average 平均；通常
1.“总之”说法种种
①in a word
②as a whole
③all in all
④in conclusion
⑤in short/brief
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⑥in general
2.“on＋n.”短语精选
①on average 平均；通常
②on business 出差；做生意
③on sale 出售
④on duty 值日，值班
⑤on guard (保持)警惕
⑥on display/show 展示
3.life短语一览
①give one’s life to 为……献身
②devote one’s life to 为……献身；致力于
③bring...to life 使复活；使活跃起来
④come to life 复活；复苏
⑤true to life 逼真
⑥lose one’s life 牺牲
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：wherever表示“无论在哪里，无论到哪里”，相当于no matter where，引导让步状语从句
Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.
无论人们在哪里骑完一段路程，他们就把那辆自行车放在那里以便他人使用。
句型2：过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语
How often do we arrive at work or school stressed__out,__tired__and__angry？
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达单位或学校？
句型3：compared to/with...在句中作状语，意为“与……相比”
But anger and stress are nothing compared__to the real costs of the motor car.
但是比起汽车的实际代价，愤怒和紧张还是微不足道的。
句型4：before引导时间状语从句
Think before you go.
想好了再去。
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句型5：It is/was...that/who...强调句型
Before 1908，when Ford’s cars became available to the public，it__was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.
1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．With his reputation damaged(损害), he regretted having done so.
2．Her assistant was accused of theft and arrested(逮捕) by the police.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Questions about subject content(内容) are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
4．We had intended to do everything according to the schedule(时间表), but it didn’t go on as planned.
5．In the absence of actual data，no reliance can be placed on such figures(数字)．
6．In this resort you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience(convenient) of modern tourism.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be very beneficial(benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation(appreciate) for his strange and delightful worlds.
9．Only after a long argument(argue) did he agree with us.
10．(2018·天津卷)Since you have just won the first prize in the Robotics Competition and have shown great talent in designing robots, you are the most suitable(suit) person.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．My mother is a teacher by occupation and her time is fully occupied with his students.How to teach her students well always occupies her mind.(occupy)
2．These constructors planned to construct a tall building here and it would be under construction soon.(construct)
3．The boy liked physics and wanted to be a physicist．But he had physical and
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mental problems under great pressure.(physics)
4．Nowadays，many people are addicted to WeChat Moments. WeChat Moments are really addictive,__so we must try our best to deal with the addiction to it.(addict)
5．I can say it is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust, which is also beneficial to your mental health.(benefit)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
on average; so far; take place; pull up; go up; rely on; fed up
1．So__far many people have been 2.fed__up with shopping in stores because traffic jams often 3.take__place on their way to the stores. Besides, it is very difficult to find a
place to 4.pull__up. Therefore, the number of the people who like shopping online is 5.going__up.6.On__average,__60 percent of my workmates are busy shopping online during their spare time. I think they are 7.relying__on it too much.
be addicted to; in conclusion; thanks to; work out; compared to
8．Compared__to Tom, Jack is much cleverer. 9.Thanks__to his hardwork, Tom was admitted into a key university this summer, but Jack was not admitted though he also worked hard.I strongly doubted it.So I decided to 10.work__out the reason.Jack’s teacher told me that Jack had 11.been__addicted__to playing computer games before the exams. 12.In__conclusion,__if we want to succeed, we must try our best to study.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．无论去哪儿，他都会带把伞以防下雨。
Wherever__he__goes,__he will take an umbrella with him in case.
2．他回到家里，累坏了但是很高兴。
He arrived home, tired__but__happy．
3．和美国文化相比， 中国文化有着更为悠久的历史。
Compared__to/with__American__culture,__Chinese culture has a longer history.
4．他参军之前工作了三年。
He__had__worked__for__three__years__before he joined the army.
5．直到午夜他才下班回家。
It__was not until midnight that he came back home from work.
benefit vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益 n．好处；利益；优势
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[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷) The students benefitting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．
②As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which we benefit a lot.
③Companies were run primarily for the benefit of management and employees.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
④Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit__you__greatly．(benefit vt.)
⑤Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__of__great__benefit__to_
_you．(benefit n．)
⑥Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__very__beneficial__to__you．(beneficial adj.)
(1)benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于……
(2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益
be of (much/great) benefit to
对……(极) 有益处
(3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；
对……有益
be beneficial to 对……有益
[佳句背诵] Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. 加入我们志愿者服务在给社区带来益处的同时发展自身的技能。(2019·北京卷)
[联想发散] be＋of＋great＋n.短语荟萃：
①be__of__great__use＝be very useful；
②be__of__great__help＝be very helpful；
③be__of__great__importance＝be very important
convenient adj.方便的，便利的；近而方便的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient) of digital payment,
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many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
b．The hotel is conveniently(convenient) located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.
②(全国卷Ⅲ)If it’s convenient to/for you, let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
③(山东卷)Would it be convenient for you to__pick(pick) me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)如能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
④I would appreciate it if you could reply at__your__earliest__convenience．(convenience)
⑤I would appreciate it if you could reply when__it__is__convenient__to__you．(convenient)
(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是方便的。
sth.be convenient to/for sb.
对某人来说……是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one’s convenience
在某人方便时
[名师点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物或形式主语作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“When it is convenient to you”而不能译成“When you are convenient”。
[词块助记]
a convenience store 一个便利店
convenience foods 方便食品
argue vi.争论，辩论，说服；主张；认为
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It’s no use arguing(argue) with him about the question for he won’t change his mind.
②(福建卷)When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument(argue).
[能力提升]——完成句子
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③我们尝试了很多办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒然。
We tried many ways to__argue__him__into__accepting__our__advice,__but in vain.
④最终我说服了他戒掉吸烟。
I argued__him__out__of__smoking eventually.
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做某事/不做某事
argue that...(should) ... 主张/认为……
(2)argument n. 争论；辩论
beyond argument 毋庸置疑
[名师点津] 表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：persuade sb.to do sth.；persuade/talk sb.into doing sth.；convince sb.to do sth.等。
content adj.满足的；满意的 n．满足；内容；包含物 vt.使满足
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①My parents are content to__live(live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
②We should never content ourselves with the knowledge learned from the books.
③She dropped her purse and the contents(content) fell out on the floor.
[能力提升]——一句多译
依我看来，你一定不会满足于这么小的成就。
④From my point of view, you must not be__pleased__with__such__a__small__success．
⑤In my view, you must not be__content__with__such__a__small__success．
⑥As far as I’m concerned, you must not be__satisfied__with__such__a__small__success．
(1)
(2)content oneself with 某人满足于
[佳句背诵] He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 在人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到更加的满足。
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[联想发散] “对……满意”的常用短语小结：
①be content with；
②be pleased with；
③be satisfied with；
④be happy with
appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；理解；明白
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated(appreciate), it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education.
②a.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d appreciate your writing(write) me back at your earliest convenience.
b．I appreciate being__given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③In order to leave some impressive memories on all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation(appreciate) of our school.
[能力提升]——同义句改写
④I’d be grateful if you could take my advice into account.
→I’d appreciate__it if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
(1)appreciate sth./(one’s) doing sth.
感激某事物/(某人) 做某事
I would appreciate it if...
如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏，感激
[佳句背诵] In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to you for your help.
在这封信中，我想向你对我的帮助表示真诚的感谢。
[名师点津] (1)appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激；感谢”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事或物。
(2)当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, depend, rely on等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再加宾语从句。
figure n．数字；图形；人物；身材；人影 v．计算；想；估计；认为
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
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①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. vt.认为
②(2017·江苏卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. n．数字
③(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.__n．人物
④ (福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.__n．身材
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) It is difficult to__figure__out(弄明白) a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
(1)keep one’s figure 保持体形
(2)figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 期待，指望，依赖
figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围
figure that 认为，认定
[佳句背诵] I couldn’t figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She figured that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 我弄不明白她是怎样保持身材的。她认为锻炼是最好的减肥方法。
[词块助记]
a slim figure 苗条的身材
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
check up the figure 核对一下这个数字
a public/a leading/an authority figure
一个公众/领军/权威人物
admit vt.& vi.允许进入，允许；承认；接收
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Tom admitted cheating/having__cheated(cheat) in the examination and he was not admitted to/into the school at last.
②a.(浙江卷)Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting(admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
b．(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the
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library, and I admitted(admit) that I hadn’t.
③Gaining admission(admit) to a key university is seen as a key to future success for some parents.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这个男孩不承认向母亲撒了谎，这让他的母亲很失望。
④The boy didn’t__admit__lying/having__lied__to__his__mother,__which made his mother disappointed.
⑤The boy didn’t__admit__that__he__had__lied__to__his__mother,__which made his mother disappointed.
(1)admit (doing/having done) sth.
承认(做了)某事
admit sb./sth. to be＋adj./n.
承认某人/某事是……
(2)admit sb. into/to...
允许某人进入/加入……
(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认
[名师点津] 双写辅音字母的过去式、过去分词和现在分词：
①admit：admitted/admitted/admitting
②permit：permitted/permitted/permitting
③plan：planned/planned/planning
④refer：referred/referred/referring
⑤prefer：preferred/preferred/preferring
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now I work in a centre for drug addicts(addict), helping others to stop taking drugs.
②She kicked her three－pack－a－day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction(addict) to alcohol.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。
③Many kids become/are/get__addicted__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted)
④Many kids addict__themselves__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost
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interest in study. (addict)
⑤Addicted__to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study. (分词作状语)
(1)be/become/get addicted to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾
n． 有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n． 瘾；入迷；嗜好
[佳句背诵]
Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
occupy v．占领；占据；使从事，使忙碌；任职
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I’ve invented a game that will keep the kids occupied(occupy) for hours.
②He would have attended your birthday party but he was__occupied(occupy) with a very important experiment.
③Choosing an occupation(occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)Jane__has__been__occupied__in(一直忙于) getting used to everything and she hasn’t had time for social activities.
⑤(高级表达)Occupied__in__getting__used__to__everything,__Jane hasn’t had time for social activities.(过去分词短语作状语)
⑥(高级表达)Occupying__herself__in__getting__used__to__everything,__Jane hasn’t had time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语)
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
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[佳句背诵] Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.
工作上的问题继续在他的脑海中萦绕了一段时间。
[名师点津] 表示“忙于做某事”的短语：be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.；be employed with sth./(in) doing sth.；be engaged in sth.。
[词块助记] occupy a position占据位置；担任职位
suit vt.适合；使适应 vi.合适；相称 n．一套衣服；套装
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She had the ability to suit her performance to the different audience, which amazed us.
②The quiet place is suitable for people to__get(get) together.
③(2018·天津卷)Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited/suitable(suit) for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
④I do believe this voluntary work suits__me,__because I have a good knowledge of English.
⑤I do believe I am__suitable__for/am__fit__for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
(1)suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意；对某人
(很)合适
suit...to... 使……适合/适应……
suit oneself 随自己的意愿行事；自便
(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable for＝be fit for
适合；胜任
be suitable to do... 适合做……
[佳句背诵] If you can find whatever learning method (that)suits you，your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably. 如果你能找到适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率有可能会大大提高。(上海卷)
work out vt.锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答，计算出；产生结果，发展；制定出
[一词多义]——写出下列句中work out的含义
①These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day.锻炼身体；做运动
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②She worked out the problem with no difficulty.解决；解答
③The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the breadth.计算出
④It wasn’t too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.制定出
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
⑤Her mother used to work as a clerk in a bank when she was young.
⑥The player will have to work on getting fit before the game.
work as 做……工作
work on 从事……；继续……
[佳句背诵] ①I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出这道题。
②The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true. 考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样， 我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。 (四川卷)
[名师点津] work out作“解决，制定”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼，产生结果”时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。
rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信任；信赖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)Nowadays parents do everything for their single children, which makes the children rely on/upon their parents badly.
②a.Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to__do(do) everything for them.
b．If he promises to do something, he will do it, so you can rely on his lending(lend) you the money.
③My friend is a reliable(rely) person, and you can rely on it that he will come to meet you on time.
[能力提升]——一句多译
你可以相信你困难时我会帮助你。
④You can rely__on/upon__my__helping__you when you are in trouble.
⑤You can rely__on/upon__me__to__help__you when you are in trouble.
⑥You can rely__on__it__that__I__can__help__you when you are in trouble.
(1)rely on sb.to do sth.
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＝rely on sb.’s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……，指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的
[佳句背诵] These days，we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排工作。
[名师点津] 在rely on it that...结构中， it作形式宾语，代替that引导的真正的宾语从句。类似的还有：
①depend on it that... 放心好了，请相信……
②take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
③appreciate it＋if从句 如果……，将不胜感激
④like/hate it＋when从句 喜欢/痛恨……的时候
过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语
(教材P42)How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry?
有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达单位或学校？
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Excited(excite) and happy, we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school.
②(全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily(lucky), we made it.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I was too nervous, and I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
(高级表达)Too__nervous,__I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam. (形容词短语作状语)
(1)过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。
(2)过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
[佳句背诵] To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
令我们欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到家里，疲惫却健康。
[名师点津] 如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
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before引导时间状语从句
(教材P43)Think before you go. 想好了再去。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·天津卷)She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
b．(北京卷)I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.
②(2017·天津卷)It has been two weeks since you returned your home and I’ve been missing you very much.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没有来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。
The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left__before__I__could__ask__for__their__names．
④将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。
It__was__nearly__a__day__before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.
(1)before作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活。通常有以下含义：在……之前；……之后才……；不多久就……；还没来得及……就……。
(2)“It was/will be＋时间段＋before...”意为多长时间后就/才……。
“It was not/will not be＋时间段＋before...”意为不久就……。
[佳句背诵] A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established. 狗的饮食习惯在正确地建立之前需要规则的训练。(2019·天津卷)
[名师点津] “It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 引导的状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
It is/was...that/who...强调句型
(教材P46)Before 1908，when Ford’s cars became available to the public，it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car. 1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
②(四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry?
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③(重庆卷)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
④(天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)In the newlybuilt stadium, we can participate in various physical activities.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
(高级表达)It__is__in__the__newlybuilt__stadium__that__we__can__participate_
_in__various__physical__activities.(强调句)
(1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分．
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？
(4)not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
[佳句背诵] It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. 生活的快乐不在于做自己喜欢的事，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的事。(湖南卷)
[名师点津] 强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically(physics) fit.
2．So far the traveler has__visited(visit) over two hundred towns in the world.
3．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually(actual) happening instead of acting on the assumption you’ve made.
4．(2018·江苏卷)There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable(rely)．
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently(frequent)，compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
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1．It’ll be only a few days before the Spring Festival comes round.
2．The heavy rain has caused great damage to the crops here, which has made the peasants sad.
3．If you can be admitted into Peking University, your parents will surely be proud of you.
4．It was only with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
5．If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies？获益
2．We are looking for someone who is reliable and hardworking.可信赖的
3．(2019·天津卷)Additionally，I’m crazy to learn how to appreciate western paintings, and it can’t be better if you can tell us some tricks about how to paint. 欣赏；理解
4．We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourselves with a holiday in Shanghai.使满足
5．Mary has kept her figure after all these years by working out every day.身材
6．(2019·天津卷)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.争论，辩论
7．This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the students who come from the countryside.适合的
8．Being occupied with work should not be the reason for treating one’s neighbours as strangers.从事，忙于
9．He has got used to living in the remote mountainous village without any modern conveniences.方便
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
We were walking in the street to the near Internet bar on a weekend when a car knocked down Tom. We all stood there, 1.frightened(frighten) and unmoved. It was obvious that the car couldn’t pull 2.up immediately. Luckily, a passerby gave him first aid immediately. After a while Tom came to himself slowly. It was the passerby
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3.who saved Tom’s life. We were all grateful to him. Afterwards, we had to think about why such a bad accident happened to us. If we hadn’t gone to the bar, probably it wouldn’t have occurred.
I 4.admit(admit) that the Internet is of great benefit to us. On the one hand, it is 5.convenient(convenience) for us to do many things. We can 6.appreciate(appreciate) all kinds of programs on the Internet. On the other hand, there are amounts of useful information on the Internet available to us. But nowadays some people rely 7.on the Internet too much and many young people are even 8.addicted(addict) to it. In consequence, surfing the Internet 9.occupies(occupy) much of their time. Last week we held a meeting 10.arguing(argue) about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. At last, we worked out a plan to control the time we would spend surfing the Internet.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①史密斯先生三年前养成了吸烟的习惯，过去他平均每天吸3包烟。
Mr.Smith formed__the__habit__of smoking three years ago, and he used__to__smoke three packets of cigarettes on__average every day.
②吸烟不仅花了他大量的钱，而且对身体造成了危害。
Smoking cost him a__large__amount__of money and did__great__damage__to his health.
③他的妻子很烦他，他决心戒烟。
His wife was__fed__up__with him. He decided to quit smoking.
④戒烟对他来说是很难的，因为他吸烟上瘾很长时间了。
He had__a__difficulty__in__stopping__smoking,__because he had____been__addicted__to_
_smoking for a long time.
⑤凭借自己的努力，他做到了。
He managed__to__quit__smoking__relying__on____his__own__efforts．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用not only...but also...升级句②
Smoking__not__only__cost__him__a__large__amount__of__money__but__also__did__great__damage__to__his__health.
⑦用it作形式主语升级句④
It__was__difficult__for__him__to__stop__smoking,__because__he__had__been__
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addicted__to__smoking__for__a__long__time.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore, indeed, however)
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One possible version：
Mr.Smith formed the habit of smoking three years ago, and he used to smoke three packets of cigarettes on average every day. Smoking not only cost him a large amount of money but also did great damage to his health. His wife was fed up with him. Therefore, he decided to quit smoking. Indeed, it was difficult for him to stop smoking, because he had been addicted to smoking for a long time. However, he managed to quit smoking relying on his own efforts.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥高三联考)Two deer jumped out in front of 16yearold Amanda Floyd’s car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn’t in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars made a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn’t text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
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According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3，450 lives in 2016 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盘), brake and gas pedal(油门). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they’ve caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they’re going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else’s life forever. The results are serious.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author’s point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题，故选A。
2．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students’ ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
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D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.”可知，他们想要帮助学生们了解醉酒、发短信或者打电话时驾车的危害，故选D。
3．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students’ interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students.”可知，这个模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。
B
(2020·济南模拟)
New York Walking Tours
◆Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour
Start this exciting guided 4hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island. Once there, go inside the base of the statue and head to the observation decks for an awesome view of New York City and its surroundings. Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration(移民入境) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.
◆Central Park Walking Tour
Walk through Central Park’s most picturesque highlights on a 2hour tour with a professional photographer. Remember your New York City adventure with unforgettable images of you with family or friends as you circle the towers at Belvedere Castle, and walk through paths with flowers in the Conservatory Garden, or feed the swans by the Loeb Boathouse.
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◆New York City Architecture Walking Tour
Learn about the history of the buildings that define the New York City skyline on a 3hour walking architecture tour. Walk down the famous 42nd Street corridor with a longtime New York resident(居民) and architectural expert, stopping along the way to learn about Midtown Manhattan’s most iconic structures like the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Station and the New York Public Library.
◆Greenwich Village Walking Tour
Greenwich Village is one of New York City’s most beautiful and famous neighborhoods. Take a guided 2hour walking tour of this legendary Lower Manhattan space. Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix and countless others. Walk the winding streets and visit popular Washington Square Park, reliving more than 200 years of history.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个在纽约进行徒步旅行的项目。
5．Why do tourists visit Ellis Island?
A．To know about American immigration history.
B．To explore the surroundings of the island.
C．To get a whole view of New York City.
D．To observe Statue of Liberty closely.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour部分的最后一句“Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration(移民入境) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.”可知，旅游者参观埃利斯岛的目的是了解移民美国的历史。故选A。
6．Who will go with tourists on Central Park Walking Tour?
A．An experienced guide.
B．An architectural expert.
C．A professional photographer.
D．A longtime New York resident.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Central Park Walking Tour部分的第一句“Walk through Central Park’s most picturesque highlights on a 2hour tour with a professional photographer.”可知，在中央公园的徒步旅行中会有一个专业摄影师和旅游者在一起。故选C。
7．Which tour takes the longest time?
A．Central Park Walking Tour.
B．Greenwich Village Walking Tour.
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C．New York City Architecture Walking Tour.
D．Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour部分第一句中的“Start this exciting guided 4hour tour”可知，这个徒步旅行需要4个小时。而其他三个徒步旅行需要的时间分别是：A：2个小时，B：2个小时，C：3个小时。故选D。
8．What can tourists do on Greenwich Village Walking Tour?
A．Take unforgettable pictures.
B．Come across Bob Dylan.
C．Visit New York Public Library.
D．Learn about famous artists.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix and countless others.”可知，游客可以通过Greenwich Village Walking Tour这个徒步旅行项目去了解著名的艺术家。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·大连一模)Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my fatherinlaw __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state.
In these circumstances I have two mental __5__： either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about selfconfidence and consistency, and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.
I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are parts of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad times __12__ the “inner” me.
Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__！
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As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis(危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应对困境的故事从而启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。
1．A.admission B．benefit
C．diploma D．permission
A 解析：根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still ______！”呼应。
2．A.share B．reduce
C．break D．raise
B 解析：根据上文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。
3．A.showed up B．set off
C．fell down D．passed away
D 解析：根据下文中的“Time has healed my wife’s mental stress ______ the death of her father.”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。pass away“去世”。
4．A.putting B．finding
C．forming D．lifting
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境。
5．A.problems B．concerns
C．choices D．activities
C 解析：根据空后的“either to feel upset...or ______ my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种心理选择(choices)，与下文中的“I choose the second option”相呼应。
6．A.link B．replace
C．mix D．exchange
B 解析：固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。
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7．A.regret B．stop
C．keep D．risk
C 解析：根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续申请新的工作。keep“继续”。
8．A.practicing B．suffering
C．producing D．relieving
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的(suffering)痛苦将增强他的毅力(character)。
9．A.intelligence B．body
C．character D．reputation
C 解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.careful B．hardworking
C．easygoing D．successful
D 解析：根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) ______ man one day.”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。
11．A.life B．wealth
C．time D．health
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好的阶段和坏的阶段都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应。
12．A.hide B．destroy
C．strengthen D．kill
C 解析：根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。
13．A.desperately B．unwillingly
C．hopefully D．fortunately
D 解析：根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地(fortunately)找到了一份称心的工作。
14．A.regardless of B．due to
C．instead of D．apart from
B 解析：根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。due to“由于”符合语境。
15．A.occupied B．empty
C．open D．closed
C 解析：根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放(open)，
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因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。
16．A.disappointedly B．surprisedly
C．deliberately D．confidently
D 解析：根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，当生活回到正轨时，作者信心满满(confidently)。
17．A.fight B．meet
C．change D．delay
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者战胜了(fight)危机，生活重新步入正轨。
18．A.general B．positive
C．friendly D．honest
B 解析：根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的(positive)生活态度帮助作者战胜了生活中的危机。
19．A.offer B．expect
C．manage D．send
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。
20．A.as if B．in that
C．now that D．in case
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇读后续写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·河南六市高三联考)Being stuck behind crowds of slow walkers when you’re in a hurry is one of the most annoying things. But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UK’s largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.
The Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex has introduced a 720foot “fast lane” reserved for fast walkers only, just in time for the festive rush. The centre’s management team said, “The lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and don’t want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.”
The fast lane was introduced after a MasterCard survey found that 80 percent
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of consumers found slow walkers their biggest annoyance while shopping. The research also found that the average walking speed slowed down by 21 percent during the festive shopping period, as most shoppers spent more time window shopping during this period.
Gary Mortimer, an expert from the Queensland University of Technology, said he wasn’t surprised by the promotion about the launch of the fast lane, and thought the concept would appeal to shoppers all over the world.
“Crowded parking lots and busy shopping centres tend to be two of the biggest complaints of shoppers over the festive season，” he said. “I think the fast lanes are a new approach. However, I suspect it will be a bit like fast lanes on the highway, so it might end up being more trouble than its worth.”
The MasterCard survey also identified the four most common types of shoppers. They include “Skaters” who try and make their way through crowds politely, “Dodgers” who move down the paths to avoid slow walkers, “Bulldozers” who push their way through crowds, and “Tutters” who express their frustrations to slow walkers.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了英国一家大型购物中心在节日高峰期引进快速通道一事。
1．The fast lane is intended for the shoppers who________．
A．can’t move quickly because of physical disabilities
B．buy things on their shopping lists quickly
C．take their time to do window shopping
D．want to leave the mall quickly
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UK’s largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.”和第二段最后一句“The centre’s management team said, ‘The lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and don’t want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.’”可推知，快速通道是为那些想迅速购物的人而设计的，故选B。
2．What is Gary Mortimer’s attitude to the fast lane?
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent.
C．Critical. D．Objective.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据对第四段及第五段的整体理解可知，Gary Mortimer对快速通道进行了全面的评论，既肯定了快速通道的优点，又看到了其潜在的劣势，
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因此他的态度是客观的，故选D。
3．Who may patiently move behind a slow crowd?
A．Skaters. B．Dodgers.
C．Bulldozers. D．Tutters.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的“‘Skaters’ who try and make their way through crowds politely”可推知，Skaters在购物时会耐心地跟在缓慢的人群后，故选A。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Shopping can be annoying sometimes.
B．How to avoid slow walkers when shopping.
C．The problems that shopping centres face during busy holidays.
D．The shopping mall creates the fast lane to avoid slow walkers.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了英国一家大型购物中心引进快速通道，从而在节日高峰期使购物迅速的人避开购物缓慢的人的新闻，故选D。
B
(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)While we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.
Why isn’t complaining beneficial? Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. The brain is designed to work efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed. Therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed. This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.
Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus(海马), which plays a vital role in problemsolving, to become smaller.
In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone: cortisol(皮质醇), a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger. Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力)．
The ill effects of our complaining aren’t just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us. We tend to mirror the moods of our friends. For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.
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The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude. Just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar. It also decreases tiredness and depression. Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical wellbeing.
What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all round? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.
【解题导语】 研究发现，抱怨与消极性密切相关，除了导致脑损伤，抱怨还会释放皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力低下，而感恩却与之相反，会带来很多益处；人们在生活中要少点抱怨，多些感恩。
5．What do Paras. 2－3 mainly talk about?
A．The diseases caused by complaining.
B．The decrease of a vital part of our brain.
C．The bad effects of complaining on brain power.
D．The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句和第三段第一句“Yet the harmful effects don’t stop there.”可知，第二、三段主要讲的是抱怨对人的脑力的不良影响。故选C项。
6．What can we know about cortisol from the passage?
A．Gratitude is an effective cure for cortisol.
B．Our body produces cortisol when we feel excited.
C．Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D．Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in...immunity(免疫力)．”可知，高水平的皮质醇会导致很多健康问题。故选D项。
7．What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?
A．Grateful. B．Tolerant.
C．Disapproving. D．Skeptical.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“For this reason, we should be cautious about...companions.”可知，抱怨者也会对身边的人有不好的影响，因此作者认为身边有顽固的抱怨者时要小心，由此可推知，作者对抱怨者持不赞成的态度。故选C项。
8．Where can the passage most probably appear?
A．In a newspaper.
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B．In a medical report.
C．On a website.
D．In a radio program.
C 解析：文章出处题。根据最后一段最后一句“Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.”可知，本文很可能出现在一个网站上。故选C项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Jenny was the only child in her family. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding from her mother. Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand for a while, watching a middleaged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she gave a sigh and had to leave.
The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked，“Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles？”
“Oh, yes, but I don’t have money on me，”she replied.
“That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today，”said the man.“Come in.”
The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, and the smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently.
“What is it？”asked the man kindly.
“Nothing. Actually I was just touched by your kindness！”said Jenny as she wiped her tears.“Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless compared to a stranger！”
Hearing the words, the seller smiled，“Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her？”
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock; she remembered her mother’s familiar face and weathered hands.“Why didn’t I think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted. Why haven’t I thanked my mum for what she has done for me？”
On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for
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her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
Paragraph 1：
Approaching the doorway, __________________________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back.
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One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. Tired and sad, she sat down in front of the house.“Where might my mother be？”she wondered.“Is she really so angry with me that she doesn’t want to show any care for me？”Again, the scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness to her mother, and she just realized that all the scolding from her mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her. Tears rolled down her cheeks.
Paragraph 2：
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. She raised her head to see the familiar face and the worried eyes.“Here you come! I’ve been looking for you，”came the tired voice. Jenny couldn’t help but throw herself into her mother’s arms.“I’m sorry and thank you for all you have done for me.”She expressed the sincere apology and the great gratitude. Then she felt the hug tightened.
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