必修4+语法专题复习+动词时态和语态（2）（讲）-2018年高考英语一轮复习讲练测 9页

动词时态语态复习（2）‎ 语法知识精讲 ‎2018年高考命题预测 ‎ 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：‎ 要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。‎ 高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。‎ 学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。‎ ‎ 今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。‎ ‎2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布 动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1、考查时态的基本概念。如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、将来进行时等。‎ ‎2、考查各种时态之间的区别。如：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时和过去完成时等。‎ ‎3、考查不能用被动语态的几种情况。如：‎ ‎（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。‎ ‎（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。‎ ‎（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。‎ ‎（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎4、考查主动形式表被动意义的情况。‎ ‎（1）当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；‎ ‎（2）当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时；‎ ‎（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；‎ ‎（4）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎（6）在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时 ‎ ‎1．一般现在时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 ‎ 例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20. ‎ A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 ‎ 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. ‎ A. was called B. is called ‎ C. had been called D. has been called ‎ ‎【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 ‎ ‎2．现在进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 ‎ 例5． I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage. ‎ A. will be repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. is being repaired D. has been repaired ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。 ‎ 例6．Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money. ‎ A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning ‎ ‎【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 ‎ 常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 ‎ 例7．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______. ‎ A. takes off B. is taking off ‎ C. has taken off D. took off ‎ 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 ‎ 例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and ‎ education. ‎ A. were being designed B. have designed ‎ C. have been designed D. were designed ‎ ‎【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 ‎ ‎2．过去进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 ‎ 例10—Has Sam finished his homework today? ‎ ‎—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning. ‎ A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done ‎ ‎【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 ‎ 例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? ‎ ‎—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting ‎ ‎【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 ‎ 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： ‎ 一般过去时：完成性 ‎ 过去进行时：未完成 ‎ 考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 ‎ 例13．My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. ‎ A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served ‎ ‎【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答 案应是D。 ‎ 例14．My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far. ‎ A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing ‎ ‎【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。 ‎ 考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况 ‎ ‎1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 ‎ 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 ‎ ‎2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。 ‎ 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 ‎ 请同学们看下面一道题： ‎ 例16．The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours. ‎ A. was tasted； was sold ‎ B. tasted； was sold ‎ C. was tasted； sold ‎ D. tasted； would sell ‎ ‎【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 ‎ 上题可以变化如下： ‎ ‎3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 ‎ 例18．______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years. ‎ A. It; are held B. As; take place ‎ C. That; happen D. As; break out ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。‎ ‎【及时训练】‎ ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove ‎【答案】A 考点：考查动词时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.‎ A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在 匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家 赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。‎ 考点：时态和语态 ‎【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.‎ A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for ‎ sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。‎ 考点：考查动词的时态 ‎【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.‎ A. will have B. have C. had D. had had ‎【答案】B 考点：考查时态。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. ‎ A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented ‎ C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。‎ 考点：考查时态语态。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes. They are happy with it.‎ A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling ‎【答案】A 试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。‎ 考点：考查时态。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]once I started the car, my mind goes blank.‎ goes改为went　考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。‎ ‎2.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!‎ came改为comes　考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。‎ students后加to　考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。‎ ‎3.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.‎ 删去of　考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。‎ had→have　考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语in the past few years可知这个句子用现在完成时。‎ ‎ ‎