2021高考英语北师大版一轮课时作业：15 必修5　Unit 15　Learning 15页

www.ks5u.com 课时作业15　必修5　Unit 15　Learning 课时练(一)　阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎[2020·重庆调研]Since the vacation season is over, it's time to start thinking about ways to improve your travel quality — your ability to get around without looking like a foolish tourist — before your next trip.‎ Read a book.‎ The right travel book can educate and inspire you.“Good writing helps me to look at my surroundings with new eyes，” says Martha Merritt, Dean of International Education at the University of Richmond. A book about travel is not necessarily a travel guidebook. It can simply be a book — fiction or nonfiction — about a place.‎ Find your attractive group on social media.‎ That's what Tiffany Burnette, who runs a design company in Philadelphia, does between trips. She spends time on the website's travel groups connecting with new friends and learning new travel skills.‎ Learn a language.‎ ‎“I spend 15 to 20 minutes each day working on my basic language skills so that I can at least show respect，” says Jeff Wilson, the host of “Real Rail Adventures” on PBS. “Phrases like ‘please’ ‘thank you’ counted.” Michelle Williams, who has traveled to more than 50 countries, says, “An app like Duolingo is a great way to improve your language skills before you travel.”‎ While these tools could make you a smarter traveler, only one thing is guaranteed to improve your travel quality. You have to get out of your seat. You can start your journey by visiting your travel agent from the United States Tour Operators.‎ ‎1．What can you improve after you read the passage?‎ ‎　‎ A．Ways of thinking. B．Ability to read.‎ C．Ability to travel. D．Ways of writing.‎ ‎2．How does Tiffany Burnette learn new travel skills?‎ A．By reading travel books.‎ B．By connecting with travel groups.‎ C．By working on languages.‎ D．By running a travel company.‎ ‎3．Who would like to learn language skills with an app?‎ A．Martha Merritt. B．Tiffany Burnette.‎ C．Jeff Wilson. D．Michelle Williams.‎ B ‎[2020·唐山一模]Stan Lee, cofounder of the Marvel Universe (漫威宇宙) and cocreator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.‎ Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely ‎ Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name — Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U．S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70year marriage and had two children.‎ In the late l950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with superteam the Justice League of America.‎ To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut (首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee's later famous and lasting creations of comicbook superheroes included SpiderMan, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the XMen.‎ Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.‎ ‎4．What do we know about Lee from Paragraph 2?‎ A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years.‎ B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.‎ C．He had a tough and struggling childhood.‎ D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.‎ ‎5．What was the company called when SpiderMan was created?‎ A．Timely Comics. B．Marvel Comics.‎ C．Atlas Comics. D．DC Comics.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “icon” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Statue. B．Agent.‎ C．Assistant. D．Symbol.‎ ‎7．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics B．The Development of Marvel Comics C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics C ‎[2019·安徽五校联盟第二次检测]We humans are addicted to sugar. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It's the fuel that powers our cells. So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff.‎ Sugar stores the sun's energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods into their building blocks. It uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest get stored for the body to break down later. It's a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.‎ These days it's easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, sweet makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. That's more than what is good for us.‎ Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabetes. However, experts aren't worried about naturally sweet foods — the problem is added sugar. So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugarrich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.‎ Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you don't overdo it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!‎ ‎8．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________.‎ A．cause and effect B．problem and solution C．giving examples D．making comparisons ‎9．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because________.‎ A．no one wants life to be boring B．we're born to want the sweet stuff C．socalled healthy food can be packed with sugar D．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth ‎10．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?‎ A．We'd better say no to sweet foods.‎ B．Experts are worried about added sugar.‎ C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.‎ D．We'd better consume sugar from natural sources.‎ ‎11．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Sugar Is Everywhere B．Sugar Brings Happiness C．Why Do We Love Sugar?‎ D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?‎ D ‎[2020·哈尔滨第三中学一模]Have you ever noticed that some difficult situations tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same kind of person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don't deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world.‎ You may try desperately to avoid these repeated difficult situations, which seem to have become your set patterns, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of them is to shift your perspective on them seriously and persistently. To face the challenge means you need to bravely accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of persons or issues repeatedly in your life. This is not an easy task, since it means you have to change, and to change is not always easy. Staying just as you are certainly is comfortable in the familiarity, but it does not help you advance spiritually.‎ Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing things isn't working. However, the good news is that by identifying and releasing your patterns, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need willingness and patience.‎ When struggling to make a change, ask yourself，“How willing am I, really, to make this change？” If you truly want to change, you will make a commitment to the process of it. If you absolutely hate getting stuck in traffic, chances are that you need a little work in the area of patience. And chances are that you will probably get stuck in more traffic jams than someone who has patience. It is not because the universe has a sense of humor. You just notice and care about the traffic more than someone who has patience. Remember, you just need willingness and a little patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening.‎ ‎12．How can you get rid of repeated difficult situations in your life?‎ A．By trying your best to avoid those disappointing situations.‎ B．By taking a different attitude toward previous life.‎ C．By gathering up the courage to change your identity.‎ D．By changing your viewpoint on them with great determination.‎ ‎13．What's the author's attitude toward the idea of staying just as you are?‎ A．Disapproving. B．Skeptical.‎ C．Supportive. D．Casual.‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Promote. B．Postpone.‎ C．Influence. D．Overlook.‎ ‎15．What is the effect of mastering willingness and patience according to the passage?‎ A．Guiding you to identify your old patterns.‎ B．Making your change become easier.‎ C．Challenging you with difficult patterns.‎ D．Arousing your inner desire to challenge yourself.‎ 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎[2020·湖北八校高三联考]In the super fast paced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.‎ Don't avoid or ignore negativity.‎ ‎ __1__ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven't conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it's up to you to handle them.‎ Take care of yourself and your needs.‎ In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. __2__ ‎ Mend what's broken or get rid of it.‎ Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it's time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time? __3__ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have been absent in the past.‎ ‎ __4__ ‎ Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. __5__ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos. (where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don't hesitate.‎ A．Give back.‎ B．Be positive.‎ C．Fix them and find peace.‎ D．Do more of what makes you happy.‎ E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.‎ F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.‎ G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.‎ ‎课时练(二)　语言知识运用·组块专练——练准度 ‎(限时：30分钟)‎ 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎[2020·广州调研]‎ Why study history?‎ People live in the present. They plan for the __1__. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist — as most __4__ systems do — on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?‎ Any subject of study needs __6__ : supporters must explain why it is worth __7__. Like most widely accepted __8__， history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.‎ ‎ __11__ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes, history's functions　can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually __14__， but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.‎ History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__. For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. __18__， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.‎ ‎　‎ ‎1．A.process B．result C．future D．environment ‎2．A.causes B．demands C．choices D．orders ‎3．A.avoiding B．fearing C．celebrating D．anticipating ‎4．A.financial B．social C．educational D．political ‎5．A.required B．invited C．forced D．permitted ‎6．A.direction B．exploration C．justification D．revolution ‎7．A.assessment B．attention C．expectation D．mention ‎8．A.subjects B．concepts C．topics D．concerns ‎9．A.provide B．receive C．share D．like ‎10．A.doubtful B．worried C．thoughtful D．certain ‎11．A.Supporters B．Historians C．Audiences D．Teachers ‎12．A.public B．multiple C．different D．useful ‎13．A.define B．expect C．satisfy D．ignore ‎14．A.optional B．attractive C．accessible D．essential ‎15．A.valuable B．interesting C．instructive D．accurate ‎16．A.imagine B．behave C．fight D．fade ‎17．A.prevent B．remember C．evaluate D．declare ‎18．A.Consequently B．Alternatively C．Fortunately D．Admittedly ‎19．A.library B．laboratory C．clinic D．museum ‎20．A.make up for B．give in to C．get close to D．stay away from 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2020·南昌一模]When it comes to your brain, researchers have found there's no better superfood than a book. According to the data __1__ (collect) by the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study, a __2__ (hope) pattern came out: people who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years __3__ (long) than people who didn't read anything at all.‎ Strange still, as science reminds us, reading books — especially fiction — __4__ (force) your brain to think critically and make __5__ (connection) from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. Also, reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction, __6__ in turn can lower stress levels.‎ ‎ But it doesn't mean that magazines, newspapers and web articles are useless. Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems __7__ (carry) mental benefits. Therefore, whether you're reading a pageturner or simply scanning __8__ instruction for your coffee maker, many parts of your brain __9__ (involve) in positive thinking. Still not inspired to give __10__ a try？‎ 课时练(三)　写作强化增分·组块专练——练规范 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎[2019·合肥质量检测]Our school sports meeting finally came to end last Friday. Tiring but cheerful, we made it a success. I can say it's the best one I have ever been taken part in. The opening ceremony was a feast for the eyes. To begin with, the headmaster makes a speech. Then came various performance, including singing, dancing and kung fu. Besides, some students dressed up as dolls, and that they wanted to show was confident and talent. When the teachers' shows began, the audience went crazily. As a class photographer, I took pictures of such many brilliant moments, which, with doubt, meant a lot to all of us.‎ 第二节　书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎[2020·银川检测]假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，学校将要选拔一些学生作为交流生到英国进行为期两个月的学习，你非常想得到这次交流学习的机会。‎ 请你根据以下提示给校长写封申请信。要点如下：‎ ‎1．父母优势；‎ ‎2．个人优势；‎ ‎3．表达愿望。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr President，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 课时作业15‎ 课时练(一)‎ 阅读理解 第一节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了提高自己旅游素养的三个方法：读书，在社交媒体上寻找吸引你的旅游团体，学习语言。‎ ‎1．C　考查推理判断。通读全文可知，第一段“Since the vacation season is over, it's time to start thinking about ways to improve your travel quality — your ability to get around without looking like a foolish tourist — before your next trip.”为全文的主题句。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了提高自己旅游素养的三个方法：读书，在社交媒体上寻找吸引你的旅游团体，学习语言。C项正确。‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。根据第三段“That's what Tiffany Burnette, who runs a design company in Philadelphia, does between trips. She spends time on the website's travel groups connecting with new friends and learning new travel skills.”可知，Tiffany Burnette把时间花在网站上的旅游团体上，与新朋友建立联系，学习新的旅游技能。据此可知，Tiffany Burnette是通过联系旅游团体学习旅游技能的，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．D　考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Michelle Williams... says, ‘An app... before you travel.’”可推断Michelle Williams通过软件学习语言，故选D项。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了漫威创始人斯坦·李富于传奇色彩的一生。作为一名漫威创始人，他对美国的漫画进行了革新，创造了许多超级英雄，荣获了国家艺术奖章。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment... as an assistant at Timely Comics.”可知，斯坦·李曾有一个艰辛的童年，故选C项。‎ ‎5．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics”可知，公司的名字按照时间顺序依次为Timely Comics→Atlas Comics→Marvel Comics，神奇四侠于1961年首次推出，而蜘蛛侠是之后创作的，所以创作蜘蛛侠时公司的名称应是漫威(Marvel Comics)，故选B项。‎ ‎6．D　考查词义猜测。最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就。作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一，斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一。没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界，所以他可以被称为是漫威宇宙的标志，由此可推知，icon意为“标志”，故选D项。‎ ‎7．A　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了漫威创始人之一斯坦·李的传奇一生，他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的。他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作是顶级的文化品牌，所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“开拓者；发起者；创始人”，故选A项。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是我们不要过多食用。‎ ‎【熟词生义】　break down常用义：停止运转；出故障 例句：The printing machines are always breaking down.印刷机老是出故障。‎ 本句义：分解 例句：Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里分解。‎ ‎【难句分析】　So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugarrich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“sweet apples or even sugarrich carrots”， that在从句中作主语。‎ 译文：所以，去享用甜甜的苹果，或者富含糖分的胡萝卜吧，它们也富含维生素和其他有益成分。‎ ‎8．A　考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“So it's not surprising that we're born to want the sweet stuff”和第二段倒数第二句“That's because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel.”，并结合第一、二段的内容可知，第一段解释了人天生需要糖的原因；第二段解释了甜食能快速补充能量的原因；据此可推知，第一、二段是通过解释因果的方法组织内容的，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“These days it's easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar”可知，甜食随处可见，即使是看起来健康的食品也会含有大量糖分，故人们会误食很多含糖食品，故选C项。‎ ‎10．D　考查推理判断。通读第四段可知，该段第一、二句介绍了食用过量的糖的害处；第三句说明专家对添加糖分的食品的担忧；第四句紧接着提出建议：吃富含糖但也富含维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。据此可推知，该段旨在强调，我们最好食用天然食物来摄入糖分，故D项正确。‎ ‎11．C　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，糖能给人体提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；虽然甜食尝起来可口，但是食用过量的糖有害身体健康，我们最好食用不但富含糖分、还含有维生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。C项最适合作本文标题。‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，生活中总是会有重复出现的困境。作者介绍了面对困境时解决问题的方法，那就是要学会改变看问题的角度，认真且坚持不懈地解决问题。‎ ‎12．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The only way you can free yourself of them is to shift your perspective on them seriously and persistently.”可知，要让自己摆脱困境的唯一方法是认真、坚持不懈地改变自己看问题的角度，故选D项。‎ ‎13．A　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Staying just as you are certainly is comfortable in the familiarity, but it does not help you advance spiritually.”可知，停留在熟悉的舒适区，对于一个人精神上的进步没有帮助，由此推知，作者反对一成不变的想法，故选A项。‎ ‎14．A　考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“... by identifying and releasing your patterns, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need willingness and patience.”可知，通过识别和公开你的模式，你会学会如何改变。为了加速改变的进程，你需要心甘情愿与耐心。因此facilitate应意为“加速”，故选A项。‎ ‎15．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening.”可知，一旦你掌握这些(意愿和耐心)，就会发现识别和公开你的模式其实没那么可怕。因此，改变就更容易，故选B项。‎ 第二节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。‎ ‎1．G　根据小标题“Don't avoid or ignore negativity.”并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认消极性才能战胜克服它，故选G项。‎ ‎2．E　根据空前的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎3．C　根据小标题“Mend what's broken or get rid of it.”以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。‎ ‎4．A　根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲去付出，故选A项。‎ ‎5．F　根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱。由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报，故选F项。‎ 课时练(二)‎ 语言知识运用 第一节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自于活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁，我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。‎ ‎1．C　根据该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．B　根据该句中的“and pressures that come from living in the present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．D　根据上文的“They plan for the __1__”以及该句中的“__3__ what is yet to come”，并结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，故D项正确。‎ ‎4．C　根据下文中的“urge many students to study even more history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句中的“Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist — as most __4__ systems do — on history？”可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A　根据该句“And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to？”，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．C　根据该句“Any subject of study needs __6__ : supporters ‎ must explain why it is worth __7__”，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由，支持者必须解释其值得关注的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．B　参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．A　根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．D　根据该句中的“history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved”并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及相关的思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，故D项正确。‎ ‎10．A　根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，此处表示对为什么要花费时间学历史有疑问；结合全句内容可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑”，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．B　根据上文可知，历史学科吸引了喜欢历史信息和相关思维方式的人；而对于对历史学科不太感兴趣的人来说，则需要更清楚地向他们解释学习这一学科的目的。并结合语境可知，该处说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，故B项正确。‎ ‎12．D　根据该句中的“In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎13．A　根据该句中的“history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给下定义”，故A项正确。‎ ‎14．D　根据该句中的“History is in fact very useful, actually __14__”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎15．C　根据该句中的“but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects”‎ 可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，故C项正确。‎ ‎16．B　根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句“History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__”可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，故B项正确。‎ ‎17．C　根据下文“Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments”及该句中的“how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials”可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，故C项正确。‎ ‎18．A　根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为精确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室，帮助我们了解我们是谁，我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。‎ ‎19．B　参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，故B项正确。‎ ‎20．D　根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，故D项正确。‎ 第二节 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，阅读益处多多，建议读者多读书。‎ ‎1．collected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，collect和其逻辑主语the data构成动宾关系，与介词“by”呼应，故用其过去分词形式，填collected。‎ ‎2．hopeful　考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词hopeful修饰名词“pattern”，在句子中作定语，故填hopeful。‎ ‎3．longer　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境中的比较级标志“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故填longer。‎ ‎4．forces　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语为动名词短语“reading books”，句子谓语用单数形式，故填forces。‎ ‎5．connections　考查名词。connection是可数名词，与该句中的“from one chapter to another”呼应，表示复数概念，且其前无限定词修饰，故填connections。‎ ‎6．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个句子，故用which来引导该从句，填which。‎ ‎7．to carry　考查非谓语动词。seem to do sth.为固定用法，故此处用不定式作宾语，故填to carry。‎ ‎8．an　考查冠词。instruction意为“操作指南”时是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎9．are involved　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语“many parts of your brain”为复数，be involved in“涉及，参与”符合语境，故填are involved。‎ ‎10．it/reading　考查代词或动名词。空处表示对本文主题“阅读”的再次点题，故填代词it或动名词reading。‎ 课时练(三)‎ 写作 第一节　短文改错 Our school sports meeting finally came to end last Friday. but cheerful, we made it a success. I can say it's the best one I have ever taken part in. The opening ceremony was a feast for the eyes. To begin with, the headmaster a speech. Then came various ， including singing, dancing and kung fu. Besides, some students dressed up as dolls, and they wanted to show was and talent. When the teachers' shows began, the audience went . As a class photographer, I took pictures of many brilliant moments, which, doubt, meant a lot to all of us.‎ ‎①end前加an　come to an end固定短语“结束”。‎ ‎②tiring改为tired　此处修饰人，意为“疲劳的”，应用tired。‎ ‎③删除been　take part in固定短语“参加”，此处表示“我”曾经参加过的最好的一次运动会，故不用被动语态。‎ ‎④makes改为made　根据上文中的“last Friday”可知，事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑤performance改为performances　根据下文提到的唱歌、跳舞等可知，此处表示不止一种表演，故应用复数形式。‎ ‎⑥that改为what　分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what。‎ ‎⑦confident改为confidence　根据并列的名词talent可知，此处也应用名词形式。‎ ‎⑧crazily改为crazy　went在这里为连系动词，其后接形容词，故用crazy。‎ ‎⑨such改为so　修饰many应用副词so。‎ ‎⑩with改为without或no　根据语境可知，此处表示这些精彩的瞬间毫无疑问对我们所有人都非常重要。without/no doubt固定短语“毫无疑问”。‎ 第二节　书面表达 ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Mr President，‎ I'm more than delighted to learn that some of us students will have an opportunity to study in the UK as exchange students for two months.I am desperate for it, so I'm writing to apply for the chance to study abroad.In the first place，my parents strongly support me for they hold the firm belief that studying abroad can broaden my horizons and they can afford all the expenses there.Secondly，my good command/knowledge of English enables me to communicate with others freely.And I am outgoing and helpful，which makes it easy for me to adjust/adapt to the new surroundings as well as fit in well with/get on well with foreigners.Besides，having great interest in Britain and English，I'm eager to further improve my English and experience English culture in person.‎ I'd appreciate it if you could give consideration to my application.Looking forward to your approval.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua