北京市西城区2019届高三高考二模英语试题 27页

西城区高三模拟测试英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A When I was in high school our physics teacher gave us a challenge ___1___ involved making a paper airplane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible. ___2___ (stand) at the starting line, one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把……捏成一团) it up, and ___3___ (throw) it down the way. He beat the class with ease. Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated, but the physics teacher ___4___ (clear) explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shape.‎ ‎【答案】1. that/which ‎ ‎2. Standing ‎ ‎3. threw 4. clearly ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文简述作者在上物理课时，老师要求学生叠一个能飞很远的纸飞机，形状不限，有一个同学就将纸捏成一团扔了出去，同学们都很愤怒，但老师认为纸团也是一种形状。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：在我上高中的时候，我们的物理老师给了我们一个挑战，让我们用一张纸做出一个纸飞机，形状不限。a challenge是先行词，指物，同时定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词。当定语从句中缺少主语而且先行词又是指物的时候，关系代词用that/which。故填that/which。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的一个同学站在开始线那里，拿了一张纸，捏成一团然后扔了出去。动词放在句首要考虑该动词的非谓语形式，如-ed表被动或-ing表主动，句中主语one of my classmates与stand是主动关系，故用standing作方式状语。故填standing。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。and作为连词需连接两个时态、语态一致的动词，前面的动词took 为一般过去时，因此and连接的动词也需要用一般过去时。故填threw。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：但我们的物理老师给我们详细的解释道，形状不限，就算是一团纸也是一个形状。explained是谓语动词，因此需要用副词修饰谓语动词。故填clearly。‎ ‎【点睛】关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。在做定语从句相关题目时，首先要判断句子的先行词是人或物，其次再判断从句中缺少什么成分，如先行词是物，从句中缺少主语是that和which都可以。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Buildings around the world ___5___ (go) dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary event known as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in ‎2007 in Sydney, Australia, and has since grown into ___6___ global movement to raise awareness of our energy consumption and the effects of climate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in this movement ___7___ switching off the lights at 8:30 PM local time. Last year close to 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries. Will you dim your lights tonight?‎ ‎【答案】5. will go/are going ‎ ‎6. a 7. by ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章向我们说明了“地球一小时”的内容以及它的起源和现在人们的参与度，并呼吁大家今天晚上一起关灯。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查一般将来时。句意：在一场自愿的被称之为“地球一小时”的活动中，今天晚上全世界的大楼将关灯60分钟。由“this evening”以及文章最后一句“Will you dim your lights tonight?（你今天晚上会关灯吗？）”可知，今天晚上还没到来，这句话应使用一般将来时。又由于这是按计划会发生的事情，动词go是表示转移的动词，所以这句话也可以使用现在进行时表将来，给人一种期待感。主语buildings是名词复数形式，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填will go/are going。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查不定冠词。句意：这项活动2007年，在澳大利亚悉尼由普通人发起，现在已经变成了一个全球的运动。空格位于介词后，名词短语前，所以应填冠词。这里泛指一场全球性的活动，文中第一次提到，global以辅音音素开始，故填a。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：任何人都可以通过在当地时间下午8:30关掉灯来参与到活动中。空格后为动名词形式，所以空格处应填介词。“通过……方式”可使用介词by。故填by。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneaker brands, suddenly gained international attention. Their products ___8___ (see) on models all over the world then. Last year, Chinese sportswear brand LI-NING was at the New York Fashion Week in September with new designs ___9___ (decorate) with Chinese characters. Now the Chinese brands are impressive and ambitious and can go head to head with foreign brands. And this ambition may be due to the fact that China’s young people are now more confident about ___10___ (they) own culture.‎ ‎【答案】8. were seen ‎ ‎9. decorated ‎ ‎10. their ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章向我们讲述了中国时尚品牌近些年的发展，2011年开始崭露头角，现在已与国外品牌齐肩。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：那时全世界各地的模特都穿戴上了他们的产品。本句中的“then”指代上句中提到的2011年，所以这句话使用一般过去时。“their products”与see之间是被动关系，所以这句话应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填were seen。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作定语。句意：中国运动品牌“李宁”去年9月在纽约时尚周上带来了新的设计---印有汉字的卫衣和夹克。这句话谓语是was,并且句子中使用了with 的独立主格结构，所以空格处应填非谓语动词作定语修饰new designs。New designs与decorate之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填decorated。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查物主代词。句意：而此番雄心或许源于中国年轻人对他们的中华文化有了更强的自信心。由空格后的own可知，空格处应填物主代词。根据句意，空格处的物主代词与其前的“Chinese young people”呼应，故填their。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ The Gift of Forgiveness The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his old 69 Chevy Malibu convertible. What did I know about classic cars? For me, the important thing was that Hannah and I could ___11___ around Tucson with the top down.‎ Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much ___12___. That summer she ___13___ with a modeling agency, doing catalog and runway work.‎ A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we ___14___ at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries in the space between us to ___15___. “Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, hot, full moon hanging low over the desert. Taking a curve (弯) too ___16___, I ran over some dirt and fishtailed. I then moved quickly through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm tree. The front wheel came to rest halfway ___17___ the tree trunk.‎ There were French fries on the floor, the dash (仪表盘) and my lap. An impossible amount of ___18___ was on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging around her eyes. We were taken in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: “Best plastic surgeon (整容医生) in the city…but it is more likely the ___19___ of her modeling career…”‎ We’d been wearing lap belts, ____20____ the car didn’t have shoulder belts. I’d broken my cheekbone on the steering wheel; Hannah’s ____21____ had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?‎ When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, preparing myself for ‎ her ____22____. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I drove into the back of the car of my best friend when I was your age,” she said. “I completely ____23____ her car and mine.”‎ ‎“I’m so sorry,” I said.‎ ‎“You’re both ____24____,” she said. “Everything else doesn’t matter.” I started to explain, and Sharon stopped me. “I ____25____ you. Hannah will too.”‎ Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay ____26____ throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I tend to feel angry about someone for a perceived（可感知到的）____27____, and whenever I see Hannah. The scars (伤疤) are now ____28____ and no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still ____29____ the faint, shiny skin just below her hairline—for ____30____, a sign of forgiveness.‎ ‎11. A. drive B. run C. wander D. march ‎12. A. stronger B. healthier C. taller D. smaller ‎13. A. competed B. chatted C. signed D. bargained ‎14. A. stopped B. ate C. aimed D. stood ‎15. A. catch B. share C. hold D. spare ‎16. A. fast B. seriously C. softly D. slow ‎17. A. across B. up C. below D. along ‎18. A. blood B. petrol C. water D. sweat ‎19. A. path B. base C. point D. end ‎20. A. and B. but C. or D. so ‎21. A. shoulders B. arms C. chest D. forehead ‎22. A. anger B. regret C. sorrow D. concern ‎23. A. attacked B. dragged C. damaged D. removed ‎24. A. alike B. relieved C. injured D. alive ‎25. A. help B. love C. understand D. forgive ‎26. A. sisters B. friends C. classmates D. colleagues ‎27. A. need B. effort C. wrong D. threat ‎28. A. left B. marked C. shown D. faded ‎29. A. touch B. see C. feel D. learn ‎30. A. them B. you C. me D. her ‎【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。作者16岁那年，开着爸爸给她的车，跟好友Hannah看完电影后还想兜风一会，却不料拐弯太急，最后撞到了一棵棕榈树上，导致好友额头上留了一块伤疤。在作者最自责的时候，好友的母亲却原谅了作者，这个原谅让作者和Hannah能继续作为好朋友。作者很感激这次原谅。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：对我来说，最重要的事情是我和Hannah可以敞着篷子在Tucson周围逛。A. drive开车；B. run跑步；C. wander徘徊，漫步；D. march前进，行军。上句讲作者爸爸给了一辆车，所以这里应该指开车闲逛。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。句意：Hannah是我最好的朋友，比我小一岁但是比我高一些。A. stronger更强壮；B. healthier更健康；C. taller更高；D. smaller更小。由下句中她在模特经纪公司做模特，可知她应该很高，故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：那个暑假它与一家模特经纪公司签约，在那里做编目工作与时装模特。A. competed竞争；B. chatted聊天；C. signed签约；D. bargained讨价还价。由于是在公司上班，所以是要与公司签约的。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：回家的路上，我们停在肯德基免下车的车道上，把薯条放在我们俩都能够找的地方。A. stopped停下来；B. ate吃；C. aimed目标；D. stood 站起来。我们要在肯德基买薯条，所以一定需要把车停在免下车的通道上一会，故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. catch抓住；B. share分享；C. hold持有，拥有；D. spare备用的，多余的。根据句意，我们把薯条放在我们都能够着的地方以便分享。故选B。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：拐弯太急，我转到了泥土里并且车尾开始摇晃起来。A. fast快；B. seriously严重地；C. softly温柔地；D. slow慢的。由车尾开始摇晃起来，以及下句中冲过邻家的景观墙，可知他们拐弯太急太快，才会发生失控。故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：车的前胎一半停在树桩的上边。A. across从……的一边到另一边；B. up在……之上；C. below在……下面；D. along沿着。由于他们是装在一棵长大的树上，所以车胎可能是半卡在空中。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：Hannah的脸上有很多血，眼角挂着蹭起来的几片皮肤。A. blood血；B. petrol汽油；C. water水；D. sweat汗。由蹭掉的皮肤可知，Hannah的脸上应该是有血。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：可能是她模特生涯的结束。A. path 道路；B. base 基底；C. point要点，得分；D. end结束。由前边父母悄悄说的话“这是市里最好的整容医生”可知，Hannah脸上伤的不轻，可能会留下伤疤，影响到她的模特生涯。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查并列连词。句意：我们都系了安全腰带，但是没有系肩带。A. and并且；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so因此。由下文中的，我伤到了颧骨，Hannah伤到了额头可知，他们没有系肩带，导致他们头碰到了前边。前后句之间是转折关系。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：Hannah的前额在猛冲中被撞破了一个大口。A. shoulders肩膀；B. arms双臂；C. chest胸；D. forehead前额。此空格与全文最后一句中的“just below her hairline（刚好在发际线下边）”呼应，说明撞破的是前额。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：当她妈妈Sharon 来到医院的房间时，我开始哭了，准备好了迎接她的愤怒。A. anger愤怒；B. regret后悔；C. sorrow悲伤；D. concern担心，忧虑。由于Hannah是坐作者的车受伤了，所以作者以为Hannah的妈妈会很气愤。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她说“在你们这样的年纪，我开车与我最好朋友的车追尾了，我彻底毁坏了我们俩的车。” A. attacked攻击，侵害；B. dragged制动，拖动；C. damaged毁坏；D. removed转移，排除。由两个车追尾可知，是毁坏了两个车。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：她说“你们都活着，其它的一切就无关紧要了。” A. alike相似的，相像的；B. relieved感到宽慰的；C. injured受伤的；D. alive活着的。根据常识，事故之后，人没事就好。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我原谅你，Hannah也会的。A. help帮助；B. love爱； C. understand理解；D. forgive原谅。此空格与下句中的“Sharon’s forgiveness”呼应，故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：Sharon的原谅让我们那个小天又一起开车，从高中到大学都还是好朋友，还去参加对方的婚礼。A. sisters姐妹；B. friends朋友；C. classmates同学；D. colleagues同事。此空格与第二段中的“Hannah was my best friend”呼应，故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：每当我想对别人犯了可感知的错误而生气的时候，我就会想起她的原谅。A. need需要；B. effort 努力；C. wrong错误；D. threat威胁。由常识可知，别人犯了错误时才会生气，故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：伤疤慢慢地褪尽了，其他人都注意不到了。A. left离开；B. marked标记；C. shown表露；D. faded渐弱。由下文中别人看不到，但是我能注意到可知，伤疤没有完全消失，只是变得越来越浅了。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：但是在阳光下，我能看到发际线下那个细微的，闪亮的小伤疤。A. touch触及；B. see看到；C. feel感觉；D. learn学习。此空格与前半句中的notice意义一致，故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查代词辨析。句意：对我来说，那是原谅的标志。A. them 它/她/他们；B. you你（们）；C. me 我；D. her她。因为故事发生在我身上，所以只有我能注意到那个伤疤，对于我它是原谅的标志。故选C。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A If you've always wanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don't have the yard space or the "green thumb" to pull it off, there's now another option. The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.‎ Strawberries, green beans, peppers, green onions, and cherry tomatoes are just a few of the fruits and vegetables the OGarden can grow. Up to 30 potted plants can be placed on a lower shelf, where the seeds are allowed to germinate (发芽). Once they germinate, the plants can then be moved to the turning wheel up above, which holds up to 60 plants at a time. It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce, depending on the type of plant grown.‎ The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is. The only work that's required is planting the seeds and refilling the water tank once a week.‎ The OGarden Smart is the second product introduced by company co-founders Pierre Nibart and Pierre-Etienne Bourget, of Quebec, Canada. The original OGarden appeared in 2017, and the Smart upgrade adds a few new features, including automatic watering, automatic LED lighting, and a water warning system. Some reviewers of the original OGarden commented that the system is easy to use, and that the vegetables taste better than store-bought produce.‎ The OGarden Smart will set you back $859 Canadian dollars (about $650 USD) if you order it on Kickstarter at a discounted rate, but the company's founders are quick to point out that it will help you save money in the long-run. The system lets you grow organic (有机的) produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store.‎ To see some of the buying options available, check out the project's Kickstarter page. Any ‎ orders that are placed will be delivered this May.‎ ‎31. What is the OGarden Smart?‎ A. A self-watering system.‎ B. A water warning system.‎ C. An indoor gardening system.‎ D. An automatic lighting system.‎ ‎32. What can you learn about the OGarden Smart from the passage?‎ A. It can be used all year round.‎ B. It grows up to 60 plants at a time.‎ C. It is designed for people who have a yard.‎ D. It moves the plants from the shelf automatically.‎ ‎33. The OGarden Smart can help you save money in the long-run mainly because of its _______‎ A. automatic upgrade B. free after-sales service C. low energy consumption D. harvest of organic produce ‎【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个室内园艺系统OGarden Smart可以全年使用，且自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光。有机产品的丰收还可以帮助你省钱。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.可知OGarden Smart是一个室内园艺系统，一次可以种植90株植物，其中20株可以安全食用。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第三段第一句The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is.可知该系统是自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光，无论什么季节。即OGarden Smart可以全年使用。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句The system lets you grow organic produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store.（该系统允许你种植有机农产品，价格仅为你在当地杂货店购买价格的一小部分。）可知从长远来看，OGarden Smart可以帮助你省钱，主要是因为它的有机产品的丰收。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】文章内容较为简单，文章考查到细节理解题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如第二小题，第三段第一句The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is.可知该系统是自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光，无论什么季节。即OGarden Smart可以全年使用。故选A。‎ B As the Camp Fire continued, killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands more in Northern California, Madison waited there.‎ Gaylord the Anatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise, when the fire began to spread, meaning Madison was left behind. For weeks, all Gaylord could do was pray for Madison’s safety, according to California-based animal rescue organization Paw Print Rescue.‎ Sullivan, a volunteer with the organization, had already helped locate Madison’s brother Miguel in a different city. But Madison was even more difficult to find. Sullivan spotted Madison a few times in a canyon (峡谷), apparently guarding his land, and put out fresh food and water regularly in hopes that the dog would turn up, according to a Facebook post by Sullivan. She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison’s hope alive until his people could return,” Sullivan wrote.‎ When the evacuation (疏散) order was lifted last week and Gaylord went back to her home—which had been ruined by the fire—her prayers were answered: Madison was there, seemingly protecting what little remained of his family’s home. “Well, I’m so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!!!! He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never gave up on his people!” Sullivan wrote in the comment on her Facebook post. “I’m so happy I’m crying as I write this! He didn’t give up through ‎ the storms or the fire!” she added.‎ Soon afterward, Madison was reunited with Miguel for the first time since the fire broke out. An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that she was overcome with joy to see Madison waiting for her. She also expressed how grateful she was to Sullivan. Gaylord said fighting through tears, “You could never ask for better animals. He is the best dog.”‎ ‎34. What did Madison do during the Camp Fire?‎ A. He rescued Sullivan.‎ B. He waited for Gaylord.‎ C. He stayed with Miguel.‎ D. He ran away from Paradise.‎ ‎35. Why did Sullivan place an article of clothing smelling like Gaylord near the home?‎ A. To keep Madison warm.‎ B. To get Madison to turn up.‎ C. To help Madison remember his owner.‎ D. To encourage Madison not to give up.‎ ‎36. Where was Madison finally found?‎ A. In a different city. B. In a canyon.‎ C. At a camp. D. At his home.‎ ‎37. What quality is emphasized in this story?‎ A. Patience. B. Unity.‎ C. Devotion. D. Wisdom.‎ ‎【答案】34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。Gaylord营地着火后，尽管火势很凶猛，她的狗Madison仍不顾危险坚守在那里等候主人。这让Gaylord很感动，认为世界上没有比Madison更好的狗。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Madison waited there”与第四段中的“Gaylord, the Anatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise”可知，着火之后，狗Madison一直守在那里，但是它的主人Gaylord却因为或是无法回到家。可以推知，Madison在等它的主人回家。故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段中的She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison’s hope alive until his people could return”可知，Sullivan把闻起来像Gaylord的一件衣服放在家附近是为了在她的主人回来之前保持它的希望。也就是说鼓励Madison不要放弃。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!!!!”可知，终于Gaylord可以回家了，发现Madison还在那里。也就是还在它的家。故选D。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。从全文的描述中“Gaylord的营地着火之后，Madison不顾危险，一直守在那里等它主人回来”以及由第四段中的“He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never gave up on his people!（他呆在那里保护房子并从没对放弃他的人们）”可知，Madison是很忠诚的。A. Patience 耐心；B. Unity团结；C. Devotion忠诚；D. Wisdom智慧。故选C。‎ C Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging (神经成像).‎ These findings, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience, more attention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory’s retrievals (恢复).‎ ‎“We may want to get rid of memories that cause nonadaptive responses, such as upsetting memories, so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways,” said Jarrod Lewis-Peacock, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of psychology at UT Austin. “Decades of research has shown that we have the ability to voluntarily forget something, but how our brains do that is still being questioned. Once we can figure out how memories are weakened and design ways to control this, we can design treatment to help people rid themselves of unwanted ‎ memories.”‎ Using neuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity, the researchers showed a group of healthy adults images of scenes and faces, instructing them to either remember or forget each image. Their findings not only confirmed that humans have the ability to control what they forget, but that successful intentional forgetting required “moderate (适中的) levels” of brain activity in these sensory and perceptual areas (感官区域)—more activity than what was required to remember.‎ ‎“A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak, and you won’t change it,” said Tracy Wang, lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin. “Importantly, it’s the intention to forget that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activation hits the ‘moderate level’ sweet spot, that’s when it leads to later forgetting of that experience.” The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotional information, the researchers said.‎ ‎“We’re learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget,” said Lewis-Peacock, who has begun a new study using neurofeedback to track how much attention is given to certain types of memories.‎ ‎"This will make way for future studies on how we process, and hopefully get rid of, those really strong, sticky emotional memories, which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being," Lewis-Peacock said.‎ ‎38. Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched ______.‎ A. the pattern of brain activity B. the process of recovering a memory C. the way to reduce attention to unwanted information D. the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting ‎39. According to Tracy Wang, forgetting is possible when ______.‎ A. people respond to new experiences in an adaptive way B. the activation of the memory reaches a certain level C. people have the strongest intention to forget D. the information involves more emotion ‎40. Lewis continues his study to find out ______.‎ A. how to control people’s ability to forget B. where to apply the findings of his team’s latest study C. what effects upsetting memories have on people’s health D. if different types of information requires different levels of attention ‎41. What is the best title of the article?‎ A. Where does forgetting take place?‎ B. How does attention affect memory?‎ C. Forgetting uses more brain power than remembering D. Forgetting is far more difficult than we once imagined ‎【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇科学研究类的说明文。说明了科学家试图通过神经影像研究有意遗忘的大脑活动方式的进展、后续方向以及意义。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第二段最后一句话是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰previous research on intentional forgetting（以前关于有意遗忘的研究），所以从从句部分（which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory’s retrievals）可知，以前的研究主要关注于通过转移注意力的方式或者通过不去想的方式减少对不想要的信息的关注。也就是说主要是研究减少对不想要的信息的关注的方式。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第五段中Tracy Wang所说的A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak, and you won’t change it可知，适度的大脑活动是遗忘机制的关键。大脑活动太强，会加强记忆，大脑活动太弱，不会改变记忆。也就是说只有当大脑活动达到一个特定水平的时候才有可能忘记。故选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第六段中Lewis 所说的“We’re learning how these mechanisms in our brain ‎ respond to different types of information, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget”可知，他们正在研究这些机制在不同类型的信息面前怎么运行，要弄明白如何控制遗忘的能力还要做进一步的研究并且还要重复很多次这样的工作。这句话使用了before引导的时间状语从句表达了研究的目的。before后从句部分就是研究目的，研究就是为了弄明白如何控制遗忘的能力，故选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章第一段就表明了文章所要表达的中心思想。第一段中的研究发现的内容Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it（有意遗忘比试图记住花更多的精力）就是文章中心，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】主旨大意题是高考英语阅读中的常考题型，每年占值2~4份。主旨大意题与文章体裁是紧密相关的，例如说明文一般在首段首句就会点名文章中心，或者通过读每段首句可以总结出中心，进而可以确定标题。记叙文一般都有事件转折点，转折点之后的思想是文章中心，转折点事件也就可以作为记叙文的标题。议论文一般通过每段首句总结中心思想。同学们平时练习时要多总结如何借用文章文体确定标题。例如本文是一篇说明文，我们就可以直接在首段中找到文章中心思想，确定标题。学会用问题解题，就可以避免总结小标题时被细枝末节的信息所干扰。‎ D The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?‎ Some researchers in favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.‎ Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create “a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it is neglecting you?‎ This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they don’t understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.‎ What is also troubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don’t work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.‎ For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel.”‎ ‎42. How are the new social robots different from Siri?‎ A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.‎ B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.‎ C. Their main function is to evaluate children’s personality.‎ D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.‎ ‎43. In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.‎ A. are deeply connected with human beings B. are unable to build a real relationship with children C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children ‎44. The underlined phrase “essential equipment” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.‎ A. emotion B. pain C. fear D. thinking ‎45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段中的第一句话可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能。再由第一段中的Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.（与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的”。再由第三段最后一句句意“你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？”可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 猜测词义题。由划线单词后的“They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。A. emotion情感；B. pain疼痛；C. fear害怕；D. thinking想。故选A。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 篇章结构题。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。例如本文中划线单词后一句话是对划线单词所在句子的解释。根据“they are missing”与其前后“don’t understand”及“never”这些否定词之间的呼应，可知，划线单词与“emotional lives”、“feeling”、“love”等之间是并列解释关系。由这些词可以推知划线单词意思为情感，故选A。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Healthy See, Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices.___46___‎ The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.___47___ A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.‎ ‎___48___ It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”‎ Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. ___49___ Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.‎ Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.___50___ The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.‎ The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.‎ A. These foods give people more energy.‎ B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.‎ C And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.‎ D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.‎ E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.‎ F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.‎ G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer ‎ behavior.‎ ‎【答案】46. C 47. G ‎ ‎48. E 49. F ‎ ‎50. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题（Healthy See, Healthy Do看到的健康的，买的就是健康的）呼应。故选C。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior（简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为）”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 空格位于段首。由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F中的“They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter（他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果）”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的these findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.（他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“these findings”呼应。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文中的第一题、第四题要分别借助于篇章结构和段落结构解题。第二题依据段落内空格前后语义之间的关系解题，第三题和第五题依据词汇呼应解题。这篇七选五是比较难的题目，大家要着重分析文章和段落的结构。具体解题过程看详解。‎ 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，35分)‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部。擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他，并附上一封信。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1.该作品的内容；‎ ‎2.送该作品的原因；‎ ‎3.表示愿意提供帮助。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词：书法 calligraphy Dear Jim,‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I am glad to know that you have joined your school’s calligraphy club. The calligraphy piece I sent to you was written by myself. I really hope you will like it.‎ The Chinese characters on the piece are “天道酬勤” (Tian Dao Chou Qin), meaning “Hard work pays off.” It is a well-known Chinese idiom, widely adopted as a motto by Chinese people. There is a similar calligraphy piece hanging in the study at my home, which was written by my grandfather. He gave it to me when I started to learn calligraphy at age six in hopes that I would practise it often and learn it well. You see now my efforts have paid off. I hope it can serve as an encouragement to you at all times. I wrote this piece in the calligraphic style of my favorite calligrapher, Yan Zhenqing, a renowned master of the Tang Dynasty. His style is Kaishu, a standard script, suitable for beginners. I guess maybe it is the style that you are practising.‎ I know it is not easy to learn Chinese calligraphy. If you have any problems during your study, I would be happy to help you. I sincerely hope you enjoy learning Chinese calligraphy!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲作文，类似于介绍信。你作为李华，向你的英国朋友Jim寄一幅书法，并要说明提供作品的理由。题干中虽然列出了要点，但是针对推荐理由方面，同学们还需要适当合理的发挥。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题：确定时态和人称。由于是你提供作品并介绍送该作品的理由，所以时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。‎ 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）‎ Chinese characters（汉字）；a well-known Chinese idiom（众所周知的中国成语）； motto（座右铭）；paid off（见成效）；serve as an encouragement to you（对你来说是一种鼓舞）；suitable for…（适合……）等。‎ 第三步：遣词造句：同学们在写作时不能逐句翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，同时要点表述要完整，文章要通顺，准确使用时态和语态。‎ 第四步：连句成文：写作时要适当使用连词、过渡词和插入语，使文章浑然一体。同时恰当而合理地使用一些高级词汇和句型，如定语从句等，以提高文章档次。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多句式，如：第一段第一句和第三句使用了宾语从句，第二句使用了定语从句。第二段第一句使用了现在分词作状语，第二句使用了过去分词作定语，第三句使用了现在分词作定语以及非限制性定语从句，第四句使用了时间状语从句以及同位语从句。第二段最后一句使用了定语从句，最后一段第二句还使用了if引导的条件状语从句等等。本文还使用了一些高级词汇，如widely adopted as a motto; my efforts have paid off ; in the calligraphic style of my favorite calligrapher等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业之际，你们班开展了感谢学校教职员工的活动。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：教职员工 teachers and staff ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Before graduation, in order to express our sincere gratitude to our beloved teachers and the hard-working staff, we prepared special gifts and “thank you” notes.‎ Last Monday after class, our monitor came up with an idea to extend our appreciation to the school faculty. After much thought, we decided to present them with cups featuring our class picture as well as write them “thank you” notes. ‎ Soon afterwards, we began our project. In the following two days, some of us wrote the notes conveying our heartfelt appreciation while others carefully folded the finished notes into the shape of a heart. We also logged onto a self-customization cup website in the school’s computer room, chose our best class photos to customize the cups and made the purchases. ‎ Last Friday, we received the delivery. With excitement, we got into small groups and presented our special gifts to all the dedicated teachers and staff. Holding the gifts, they all expressed their thanks and best wishes to us. Every day for the past three years, we have enjoyed interesting lessons, delicious meals, and a clean and safe campus. It is their hard work and devotion that has helped us become responsible people. ‎ Graduation will come and go, but the love for our school will last a lifetime.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇看图作文。要求大家写的是一篇记叙文。写作时，故事的发展至少要包括起因、经过和结果三部分。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题：确定时态和人称。‎ 由于这是要求你作为李华记述活动的全过程，周记的活动一般都发生在过去。所以时态应以一般过去时为主，人称以第一人称为主。‎ 第二步：审图片：‎ 第一幅图片：班长提出了一个好主意。第二幅图片：同学们在做准备，有的写感谢信，有的在将感谢信折成心形。第三幅图片：网上订购杯子。第四幅图片：收到杯子，发给老师们。‎ 第三步：列提纲 （重点词组）‎ express our sincere gratitude to…（向……表达我们真诚的感谢）；our beloved teachers（我们敬爱的老师）；came up with an idea（想出一个主意）；logged onto（登录）；customize the cups（定制杯子）；made the purchases（采购）； hard work and devotion（努力工作与无私的奉献）等。‎ 第四步：遣词造句：‎ 同学们在写作时不能逐句翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，同时要点表述要完整，文章要通顺，准确使用时态和语态。‎ 第五步：连句成文：‎ 写作时要适当使用连词、过渡词和插入语，使文章浑然一体。同时恰当而合理地使用一些高级词汇和句型，如定语从句等，以提高文章档次。‎ ‎【点睛】范文审题准确，内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。例如文章中使用“Last Monday after class”，“Soon afterwards”以及“Last Friday”明显的表达了时间先后关系。作者在范文中使用了较多句式并且词汇使用的也很灵活，如：第一段这句话使用了不定式in order to来表达目的状语，第二段第一句又使用了不定式作定语，第二段第二句使用了现在分词作定语，第三段第二句使用了while引导并列句，第四段最后一句使用了强调句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎