专题5-5+开放类-2019高考英语卓越专项训练精英版 10页

‎ ‎ ‎【命题规律】‎ 开放作文属于非限制性作文，其写作的灵活性很大。通常只给出一个话题或一段提示语，要求考生在此基础上自由发挥，自由创作，开放作文对考生的能力要求更高，考查也更全面，它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、想象能力以及多角度考虑问题的能力。从出题形式看，开放作文可以分成以下几种：一是命题式开放类作文，即给出作文题目，要求考生根据对作文题目的分析、理解进行自由发挥。二是给出部分信息要点，但留出一定的空间让考生想象发挥。‎ ‎【备考策略】‎ 一、阅读标题，理解内涵，找准关键定主题 考生要根据提示进行立意，确定文章的中心思想。立意的基础是审题，要把握命题要求，找准提示语中的关键词，把握文体，确定所写的文章是记叙文、议论文还是说明文。‎ 二、联系生活，搜集材料 在明确了写作主题后，我们应该根据该主题所要写作的文章体裁，在此基础上加以合理的想象，并联系生活，搜集一些可以为主题服务的资料。‎ 三、依据主线，草拟提纲定框架 在草拟提纲时要注意突出主题，先写什么、后写什么，要有逻辑顺序。这样写起来就会条理清楚、详略得当、中心突出。‎ 四、详略得当，思想积极 写作是应详略得当，主次分明。所表达的内容要有一定的思想性，且积极向上，传播正能量。‎ 五、定位人称和时态，遣词造句谋篇章 考生要根据文章提示确定人称和时态，准确定位后，重点放在文章的遣词造句上。写作时要尽量运用多样化的句式，注意长短句的结合，简单句和复合句的结合，没把握的地方灵活变通；注意上下文的衔接，自然过渡。还要注意书写规范、字迹清晰、卷面干净。‎ 从近几年高考真题来看，开放式作文可以分为三类：‎ 一、以日常生活为切入点的描述性文章 这类作文内容较生活化，考生较熟悉，写作起来也相对较容易。‎ 二、以社会现象或人生哲理为切入点的议论文 此类题目要求考生对社会现象、人生哲理等发表看法，难度相对较大。可以按照以下结构来布局谋篇。‎ 引言(introduction)—主体(body)—结尾(conclusion)。‎ ‎ 1.开头部分 （引出话题 ，指出观点。）‎ ‎ 开头部分必须点题，用1－2个句子完成，其中最好有一个漂亮的过渡句。‎ ‎ 2.主体部分 （列举事例，论证观点）‎ ‎ 主体部分其实是让学生用言简意赅的语言叙述一个结构完整的事例。注意所讲的事例一定要能突出话题的中心，要注意连词的使用，使叙述有逻辑条理，连贯通顺，一般可用6—8个句子完成。‎ ‎ 3.结尾部分 （回归话题，重申观点）‎ 结尾部分要用概括性的语言来总结全文主题，得出结论，回归话题。其实，该部分就是在叙事的基础上加以评论，是记叙文写作中的“小抒情”。结尾一般用1－2个句子完成。 ‎ 三、以学习生活为依托，考查学生分析问题、解决问题能力的应用文 该类型的作文通常通过一段文字（中文或英文），描述一段感受或提出学习生活中遇到的问题，要求考生对此进行分析，并提出解决的方法。‎ ‎【必备模板】‎ 一、提供建议型 I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to书信主题.‎ Here are a few suggestions.First,it is important to第一件应该做的事情.Second，it also helps to 第二件应该做的事情.Besides，it should be a good idea to第三件应该做的事情.‎ Best wishes！‎ 二、释疑解惑型 As a 作者身份，I understand your situation.The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers/students.However,作者的基本看法或观点.Here are a few suggestions.‎ In the first place，第一个建议.这样做的理由.‎ In the second place，第二个建议.这样的理由.‎ Finally，第三个建议.这样做的理由.‎ Hope you get better soon and make great progress.‎ 三、主题演讲型 Ladies and gentlemen，‎ It’s my great honor to be here and I will talk about 演讲主题.As you know,there are many advantages of演讲主题.‎ First of all，要点一.展开一两句.Besides，要点二.展开一两句.Last but not the least,要点三，展开一两句.‎ In a word（To sum up/Personally），重申主题.‎ 四、人生哲理型 Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，from which I learned that哲理原句.‎ As a matter of fact, not until I failed in the mid-term exam did I realize the significance of it.结合事例:At first,as a result......then......,after that......Finally,......‎ ‎ My experience tells me that it is 哲理 that makes a difference.‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1.短文写作 请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，有英语写一篇短文。‎ ‎ Questioning is a bridge to learning. When you begin to doubt something and search for an answer,you will learn.‎ 注意：1.无须写标题；‎ ‎ 2.除诗歌外，文体不限；‎ ‎ 3.内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；‎ ‎ 4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎ 5.词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎ 考查“提纲类开放式”作文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Questioning can lead to searching for an answer. If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.‎ Two years ago, our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class. Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. Zx&xk From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 今年的高考短文写作仍然沿袭了近几年的模式，考生对“提纲类开放式”作文比较熟悉。考生答题时，先提取关键词question，doubt，learn来确定中心，确保不走题。通过英文提示，考生很容易得出这一观点：质疑既是求知的一种方式，也是“批判性思维”的起点。这对引导考生进行独立思考，发展批判性思维，培养创新意识，极具启发和指导作用。‎ ‎2.请就以下话题，按要求用英文写作。‎ If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?‎ 要求：‎ ‎（1）作出回答并说出理由；‎ ‎（2）词数不少于60；‎ ‎（3）在答题卡上做答。‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 考查开放性作文。‎ ‎【试题分析】‎ ‎ 本文属于考查开放性作文写作，给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【亮点说明】‎ 本文结构紧凑，层次分明，使用了多种句式和结构。比如I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.宾语从句；Compared with many abstract objectives, practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward.这个句子还运用到非谓语动词；If only I could go back and reset my goals.还运用到虚拟语气。‎ 专项训练 假设美国某中学的学生明天来你校访问交流，主题是高中生对文，理科的选择。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，向他们介绍你所做的选择，并说明选择的理由。‎ 注意： 1. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；‎ ‎ 2. 词数120左右；‎ ‎ 3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息。‎ 参考词汇：文科 arts; 理科: science Good afternoon, everyone.‎ Welcome to our school! ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thanks!‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎1.思路：‎ 总-------分-------总 总：阐述现象，说出自己的选择是什么（即文科还是理科）‎ 分：说明自己选择的原因（至少3点）【1.个人爱好 2.对梦想的帮助 3.更擅长】‎ 总：对原因进行简短的总结，有始有终 ‎2.词语的表达：‎ 1. 面对文理科的选择问题 be faced with a choice between * and *（两者之间用between, 三者或以上用among）‎ ‎2.充分利用 make the most of ‎3.选择文科 decide on ‎4.在...过程中 in the course of 代替 during ‎5.对...有重要影响 have an effect on 代替 influence ‎6.迈一步 move one step ‎ ‎3.句型的多样性：‎ ‎1. With + N + 现在分词 代替 已过时的初中表达习惯 例：随着高中生学习的发展 With the development of high school students’ study...（土的掉渣）‎ With high school students’ study developing...‎ 2. 运用连词（状语从句中讲到的）‎ ‎ ‎ 3. 观点的分层：‎ First, second, third（太过大众化）‎ First, in addition to this,(besides,meanwhile,what’s more,) last but not least Firstly, meanwhile, in addition to that 1. 我想做一名律师，而文科之中政治有很大影响。‎ I want to be a lawyer in the future, and Politics has a great effect on my dream.‎ 运用非谓语表达：‎ Politics has a great effect on my dreaming of becoming a lawyer in the future.‎ 2. 是时候向我的梦想迈一步了。‎ It’s time that I should move one step forward from where I am now.‎ It’s high time that I moved one step forward from where I am now.‎ 3. 长大是逐渐发现自己的过程，我们必须知道我们的真心是什么，才能成为自己梦想成为的谁（用名词性从句）‎ Growing-up is a process of discovering ourselves, we get to know what we truely are， and become who we dream to be.‎ 6. 只有这样才能塑造自己的生活。（倒装收尾）‎ Only in this way can we try our best to shape our lives.‎ ‎4.连词成句：‎ ‎ Good afternoon, everyone.‎ ‎ Welcome to our school! With high school students’ study developing, we are faced with a choice ‎ ‎ Thanks!‎ ‎5.检查：‎ 逗号之后首字母不能大些，非谓语，主谓一致 范文： ‎ Good afternoon, everyone.‎ ‎ Welcome to our school! High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science. It was not an easy choice for me to make. After careful consideration,‎ ‎ though, I decided on science as my main subject of study. Zxx%k ‎ First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. Second, the science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist. Third, my parents wish me to study science at college because they believe i will have a brighter future as a science student. Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.‎ ‎ It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice.‎ ‎ Thanks!‎ 学生佳作：‎ ‎ Good afternoon, everyone.‎ ‎ Welcome to our school! There must be caused a heated discussion about choosing arts or science.‎ ‎ In my observation, arts is quite my cup of tea. First of all, the most primary reason for choosing arts is that arts is simple. In addition, study arts, and I’ll have a good grasp of ‎ 假定你是李华，David 是你的美国笔友。他对中国鼓励使用环保购物袋很感兴趣，来信向你询问此事。请你给他写封回信。主要内容如下：‎ 感谢他的关注。‎ 简要介绍相关情况。‎ 谈谈你的感想。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好。‎ ‎2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎3. 参考词汇：环保购物袋---environment-friendly shopping bag; 关注---concern.‎ Dear David, ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案解析】‎ ‎1.思路：‎ 感谢-------介绍相关情况------自己感想 感谢：感谢对方对于中国环境保护的关心（非重点，一笔带过）‎ 介绍相关情况：说明塑料袋的危害，阐述环保塑料袋的优势。‎ 自己感想：从长远利益出发，对环保塑料袋的提倡表示赞同。‎ ‎2.词语的表达：‎ ‎1.严重破坏 severe damage ‎2. 重视 take ... into consideration ‎3. 补偿 compensate for 4. 习惯做法 common practice 5. 偶尔 once in a while ‎3.句型的多样性：‎ ‎ ‎ 1. 为了避免白色污染摧毁家园，环保塑料袋已经被重视了 In order to prevent white pollution from destroying our home, environment-friendly shopping bags have been taken into consideration.‎ 2. 新型塑料袋含有可降解材料，可以补偿白色污染。‎ The new bags whose materials can be easily treated will compensate for white ‎ pollution.‎ 1. 从长期考虑，我们应该把这种举动看成习惯做法。‎ It’s high time that we regarded this action as a common practice in the long run.‎ 2. 不是我们偶尔做什么可以让我们的国家变得干净，而是我们经常做什么。（强调）‎ It is not what we do once in a while that makes our country clean, but what we do consistently.／constantly。‎ 3. 只有这样我们才能尽最大努力改善环境。（倒装）‎ Only in this way can we try our best to improve our environment.‎ ‎4.连词成句：‎ Dear David:‎ ‎ Thank you very much for your concern about our Chinese environmental protection first.‎ ‎ Nowadays, there is an increasing amount of using plastic bags, which results in severe damage to our earth. In order to prevent white pollution from destroying our home, environment-friendly shopping bags have been taken into consideration. The new bags whose materials can be easily treated ‎ ‎ Yours ‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎5.检查：‎ 逗号之后首字母不能大些，非谓语，主谓一致 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎