高考英语一轮总复习考点集训四十九书面表达牛津译林版 19页

考点集训(四十九)‎ 对应学生用书p363‎ ‎1‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ NothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully, andfightingtostaycalm, Itoldmy4yearolddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke(中风)，thatshewasunconscious, andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.Asshemovedclosertome, Amelialookedatme, eyesbright, andsaid, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.”“Maybeshewill，”Isaid, keepingbackthetears, ButIknewbetter.IwasflyinguptoMyrtleBeach, SouthCarolina, fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygoodbyetomymom.‎ Therestofthatawfulweek, Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother'ssideinthehospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatitwasn'ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittlegranddaughter, Amelia, believedthatshe'dgetbetter.Thedoctors, withalltheiryearsoftrainingandexperience, offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive.‎ Then, acoupleofweekslater, anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup.Sheregainedconsciousness.Perseveredthroughalongandtoughrecovery, duringwhichshehadtolearntowalk, read, andwritealloveragain, andeventuallyreturnedhometoDad.Theonlyonewhowasn'tshockedwasAmelia.Thedoctorscouldn'texplainit.Ameliadidn'tneedto.Hopecameasnaturallytoherasbreathings.‎ Sowhyarewesoafraidtohopesometimes?Maybeit'sbecauseovertheyear, life'sdisappointmentscanturnustodisillusionment(理想破灭).Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”？That'snotreallyhopeatall.‎ Hopeisbeingabletolookatourworldwithallofthejoyandwonderofachild.‎ 19‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Doctorswerepessimisticaboutmymother’sstrokewhilemylittledaughter, Amelia, fullofhope.(要点1) IpassedonAmelia'shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltoherinhospital.(要点2) Incredibly, sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestoration.EveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.(要点3) Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.(要点4)‎ ‎2‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ ThedrugstorewasclosingforthenightandAlfredHigginswasabouttogohomewhenhisnewbossapproachedhim.‎ ‎“Emptyyourpocketsplease, Alfred，”SamCarrdemandedinafirmvoice.‎ Alfredpretendedtobeshockedbutheknewhe'dbeencaught.Fromhiscoathewithdrewamakeupkit, alipstickandtwotubesoftoothpaste.‎ ‎“I'mdisappointedinyou, Alfred！”saidthelittlegrayhairedman.‎ ‎“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I've never done such a thing before.”Alfredlied, hopingtogaintheoldman'ssympathy.‎ MrCarr'sbrowfurrowed(皱眉) ashereachedforthephone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let's see what the police have to say. But first I'll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”‎ ‎“Dowhateveryouwant，”Alfredshotback, tryingtosoundbig.Butdeepdownhefeltlikeachild.Heimaginedhismotherrushingin, eyesburningwithanger, maybeintears.YethewantedhertocomequicklybeforeMr.Carrcalledthepolice.‎ Mr.CarrwassurprisedwhenMrsHigginsfinallyarrived.Shewasverycalm, quietandfriendly.“IsAlfredintrouble？”sheasked.‎ 19‎ ‎“He'sbeenstealingfromthestore，”theoldmancoollyreplied.‎ Mrs.HigginsputoutherhandandtouchedMr.Carr'sarmwithgreatgentlenessasifsheknewjusthowhefelt.Shespokeasifshedidnotwanttocausehimanymoretrouble.“Whatdoyouwanttodo, Mr.Carr？”‎ Thewoman'scalmandgentlemannerdisarmedtheonceangrystoreowner.“I was going to get a cop. But I don't want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I'll let it go.”ThenhewarmlyshookMrs.Higgins'shand.‎ Mrs.Higginsthankedtheoldmanforhiskindness, thenmotherandsonleft.Theywalkedalongthestreetinsilence.Whentheyarrivedhomehismothersimplysaid, “Go to bed, you fool.”‎ Inhisbedroom, Alfredheardhismotherinthekitchen.Hefeltnoshame, onlyprideinhismother'sactions.“Shewassmooth！”hethought.Hewenttothekitchentotellherhowgreatshewas, butwasshockedbywhathesaw.‎ Hismother'sfacelookedfrightened, broken.Notthecool, brightfacehesawearlier.Herlipsmovednervously.Shelookedveryold.Thereweretearsinhereyes.‎ Thispictureofhismothermadehimwanttocry.Hefelthisyouthending.Hesawallthetroubleshebroughtherandthedeeplinesofworryinhergreyface.Heseemedtohaveneverreallyseenhismotherlikethat.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Thestoryisaboutaboymaturingovernight.(要点1) AdrugstoreownerfoundsomethingstolenbyAlfredandcalledhismother.Surprisingly, themothertookthiscalmlyandthebossdecidedtoletthisgo.(要点2) Athome, hewasabouttoshowhisprideinthemother'scalmnesswhenhesawadeeplyworriedmother, whichgreatlyshockedhim.(要点3)‎ 19‎ ‎1‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ ThePossibleHealthDangersofAirconditioners Althoughmanyofusmayfeelairconditionersbringrelieffromhot, humidorpollutedoutsideair, theyposemanypotentialhealthhazards.Muchresearchhaslookedathowthemovementofairinsideaclosedenvironment—suchasanofficebuilding—canspreaddiseaseorexposepeopleinthebuildingtoharmfulchemicals.‎ OneofthemorewidelypublicizeddangersisthatofLegionnaire'sdisease, whichwasfirstrecognizedinthe1970s.Thiswasfoundtohaveaffectedpeopleinbuildingswithairconditioningsystemsinwhichwarmairpumpedoutofthesystem'scoolingtowerswassomehowsuckedbackintotheairintake, inmostcasesduetopoordesign.Thewarmair, filledwithbacteria, wascombinedwithcooled, conditionedairandwasthencirculatedaroundvariouspartsofthebuilding.Studiesshowedthatevenpeopleoutsidesuchbuildingswereatriskiftheywalkedpastairexhaustpipes.‎ Largeairconditioningsystemsaddwatertotheairtheycirculatebymeansofhumidifiers.Inoldersystems, thewaterusedforthisprocessiskeptinspecialreservoirs, thebottomsofwhichprovidebreedinggroundsforbacteriawhichcanfindtheirwayintotheventilationsystem.Therisktohumanhealthfromthissituationhasbeenhighlightedbythefactthattheimmunesystemsofapproximatelyhalfofworkersinairconditionedofficebuildingshavedevelopedtheabilitytofightofftheorganismsfoundatthebottomofsystemreservoirs.Butchemicalscalled“biocides”areaddedtoreservoirstomakethemgermfree, andtheyaredangerousintheirownrightinsufficientquantities, astheyoftencontaincompoundsstronglylinkedtocancers.‎ Finally, itshouldbepointedoutthattheartificialclimaticenvironmentcreatedbyairconditionerscanalsoaffectus.Inanaturalenvironment, whetherindoororoutdoor,‎ 19‎ ‎ therearesmallvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.Indeed, thehumanbodyhaslongbeenaccustomedtothesenormalchanges.Inanairconditionedlivingorworkingenvironment, however, bodytemperaturesremainwellunder37℃，ournormaltemperature.Thisleadstoaweakenedimmunesystemandthusgreaterexposuretodiseasessuchascoldsandflu.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Airconditionersbringmanypotentialhealthrisks.(要点1)First, airconditionerswillleadtoLegionnaire'sdisease, causedbybacteriainthewarmairbeingcirculatedduetopoordesignofthesystem.(要点2) Second, chemicalsusedtokillbacteriainthereservoirarerelatedtocancers.(要点3) Third, people'simmunesystemisweakenedduetotheartificialclimaticenvironment.(要点4)‎ ‎2‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelastfewyears, however, anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas, thenumberisdownfromahighof27statesduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)．‎ Theappearanceofthisphenomenonissmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittestshavelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates, negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutcomes, and, mostalarmingly, produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(监禁)rates.Exitexams, thestudyconcluded, hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststudents.‎ 19‎ Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“quality control”forhighschoolgraduates, guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictingvalueforfuturesuccessinacademicsituations.‎ Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon'texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample, qualitiessuchasintelligence, academicability, collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople, likeresponsibility, criticalthinking，andempathy(移植)，arenotmeasured，either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon'tofferreliabledata.‎ Thus, moreandmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldconsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned, coursestaken, activities, service, projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsothatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords, exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ HighschoolexittestshavebeencancelledinsomestatesinAmericainrecentyears.(要点1) Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostudents.(要点2) Insteadofensuringcollegereadinessandacademicsuccess, theyactuallydon'tmeasurewhatshouldbemeasured.(要点3) Therefore, exittestscoresshouldonlybeonepartofthestandardsofhighschooldiplomas.(要点4)‎ ‎3‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Mostpeoplewanttobehappy, butfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyan 19‎ dsuccessalonedonotbringlastinghappiness.Aristotle, aGreekthinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.”Inotherwords, wemakeourownhappiness.Hereareafewsuggestionstohelpyoubehappier.‎ Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften, wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture—forexample, gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjob—thatwefailtoenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylife'ssimplepleasures, suchasreadingagoodbook, listeningtoyourfavoritemusic, orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveseveralclosefriendsoftenlivehappierandhealthierlives.‎ Anothersecrettolivingahappylifeistobeactive, andhavehobbieswhereyouforgetyourproblemsandtime.Manypeopleexperiencethisdancing, orplayingasport, suchasswimming.Youcanforgetaboutyourproblems, andonlythinkabouttheactivity.‎ Finally, manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Studiesshowthatpeoplefeelgoodwhentheyspendtheirtimehelpingothers.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier，dogoodthingsforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies, goshoppingtobuyfoodforanelderlyperson, orsimplyhelpoutaroundthehousebywashingthedishes.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Thoughmanypeoplewanthappiness, theydon'tknowhowtogetit.(要点1)Firstly, youshouldenjoysimplepleasuresinourdailylife.(要点2)Secondly, youshouldtakeanactivepartinvariousactivitiesandforgetyourworries. (要点3)Finally, youcangethappinessfromhelpingothersinourdailylife.(要点4)‎ ‎4‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Couldyoubeaflexitarian?‎ 19‎ Whatkindoffooddoyoueat?Areyouconsciousofthetypesoffoodyouconsume? Althoughthereisresearchontherightdiettofollowtohelpusmaintainahealthylifestyle—butit'shardtoknowwhichonetopickand, oncechosen, it'sharderstilltosticktoit.Andnowthere'sanotherchoiceforyou.‎ Aflexitariandietinvolveseatingplantbasedfoodsandonlyoccasionallyeatingmeatandfish.Thisisalovelyalternativetobeingavegetarianbynotcompletelyresistingmeat.‎ Thiseatingstyleallowsyoutosupplementsomeingredientsthatyouwouldn'tgetinastrictervegan(纯素) diet.Andlikeveganism, flexitarianismisn'tabouteatingcarefullytohelpyouloseafewpounds—it'ssomethingpeoplechooseforethicalreasons, tohelptheplanet.Andastudyintotheglobalfoodsystemandhowitaffectstheclimate, hasfoundthateatingmainlyplantbasedfoodsisoneofthreekeystepstowardsasustainablefutureforall.‎ Thisresearchfoundthatfoodwastewillneedtobehalvedandfarmingpracticeswillalsohavetoimprovetoachievethis.Butwithoutasinglesolution, acombinedapproachisneeded.Dr.MarcoSpringmann, oneoftheleadauthorsofthereportargued“Wereallyfoundthatacombinationofmeasureswouldbeneededtostaywithinenvironmentallimitsandthoseincludechangestowardshealthiermoreplantbaseddiets.”‎ Whilevegansthinkit'swrongforanimalstobekilledforfood, flexitariansbelieveeatingmeatonceinawhileisacceptable.AndDr.Springmannagrees—aslongaswe“treat it as a luxury, it's probably acceptable but you shouldn't have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week”.Andhere'sanotherfacttodigest: Ifwemovedtothistypeofdiet, thestudyfoundthatgreenhousegasemissionsfromagriculturewouldbecutbymorethanhalf.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ 19‎ Tohelpmaintainahealthylifestyle, weneedtokeeparightdiet, butchoosingfoodisreallyhard.(要点1) Unlikevegandiets, aflexitarianone, eatingmainlyplantbasedfoodsandoccasionallyhavingmeat, canbebeneficialtotheenvironmentaswellasourhealth.(要点2) Ofcourse, theamountofmeatonetakesshouldbelimited.(要点3)‎ ‎5‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Wherearethebees?‎ Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney, buttheyalsopollinatelargeareasofcrops, suchasstrawberries, applesandonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollination(传授花粉) ofthebees.Unfortunately, beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.‎ In2006, beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster(CCD).ThemainsignofCCDisthelossofadulthoneybeesfromahive.InOctoberof2006, somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.‎ Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofthebees.Butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticidesandlifestylesofbeestoday.Nowadays, beekeepersgetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofthetypicalbeenowconsistsoftravellingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks, whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition, beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead, theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn, usuallypollutedwithpesticides.‎ Theexactreasonforthedisappearanceofbeesisnotsure, butlosingbeesisverycostlytotheeconomy.Thebeepollinationservicesareworthover$8billionayear.Withnobees, pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhand, whichwouldhaveeffectsonthequalityoffoodandincreasedfoodpriced.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelessofthattin 19‎ yflyinginsect.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Beesnotonlyprovideuswithhoney, butalsohelppollinatecrops.(要点1) However, theyaredisappearingatanalarmingrateforsomeunknownreason, whichwillbedisastroustousandeconomy.(要点2) Somepeoplethinkitisthepesticidewhileothersthinkitisduetotransport.(要点3)‎ ‎6‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Thelifeofajournalistcanbeexciting.Tobeinconstantpursuitofthelatestnewsdemandsacuriositythatcanonlyberewardedbygettingto“where it is happening”assoonaspossible.Thegoal, ofcourse, istorelatewhatishappeningtothepublicasclearlyaspossible.‎ However, everyjournalistmustbecarefultoreportnotonlyavividpictureofwhatishappening, butatruepicture.Eachjournalistreportshisorherownversionofwhathastakenplace.Still, thisversionmustbeanactualaccountifthereporteristomaintainareliablereputation.‎ Inordertogettothetruthinsomenewsstories, areportermustrelyonthestatementsofsomeonewhoisontheinsideofthesituation.Oftenthisinsiderwillonlytalktoareporterifthereporterpromisesnevertorevealtheinsider'sname.Theinsiderusuallythreatensnevertoadmitmeetingwiththereporterifhisorhernameisrevealed.‎ Becausestoriesofthisnatureofteninvolvecriminalactivity, reportingthembecomesadangerousjob.‎ Thiskindofworkinvolvedinobtainingnewsinthismannerservesasaninvitingsituationfortheunderworldaswellasthelegalworld.Membersoftheunderworldwanttofindoutwhotheinsiderissothattheycankeephimorherquiet.Membersofthelegalworldclaimthatthereporte 19‎ rwillobstruct(阻挠) justiceifheorshefailstodisclosetheinsider'sname.‎ Devotionhasgivenjournalismitsreputationforreliability—areliabilitythateachjournalistisexpectedtoupholdinhisorhersearchfortruth.Supplyingatruthfulaccountofeachday'soccurrencesistheseriouscontractmadebetweenreporterandthepublic.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Excitingasitistobeajournalist, everyjournalistmusttakecaretoreportwhathappenedvividly.(要点1)Besides, theyshouldbefollowedbyatruepicture.(要点2) Areportermustdependonthestatementsofwhoeverisonthescene, soastogettothetruthinsomenewsstories.(要点3) Itisdevotionthathasgivenjournalismitsreputationforreliability.(要点4)‎ ‎1‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Doyouhavetoomanypairsofshoesorsomeotheroldthingslyingaroundyourhome? I'msuremanyofushavetoomuchstuffthatwedon'treallyuseandwhenitstartsgettingoutofhand, itreallyistimetodosomespringcleaning.‎ However, decidingwhichitemstogetridofcanbetrickyespeciallyifyouarematerialistic, believingthatphysicalpossessionsarethemostimportantthinginlife.Also, somepeoplearesentimental(感伤的) aboutlettinggooftheirpersonalpossessions.Butifyouhaven'tgotroominyourhousetomove, it'stimetoassesswhatisreallyimportanttoyouanddecidewhatareyourprizedpossessionsandwhatisjustjunk.‎ Insteadofjustthrowingitawayandfillinguplandfillsites, itemscouldberecycledorgiventoacharitytoresell.Youcouldalsomakesome 19‎ moneybyusingwebsiteswherepeoplearewillingtopayforsecondhandgoods.Somepeoplearedeliberatelytryingtokeeplifesimple.BeaJohnson, authorofZeroWasteHome, hasdonethis.Shesays, “We'veaskedreallytruequestions, andassessedeverysinglethingthatwehave.Thereisnothingthatwemissed.Ievencametolookatmyvegetablepeeler(削皮器) forexampleandaskedmyself, ‘DoIreallyneedthatvegetablepeeler？’”‎ Ofcourse, ifyou'reashopaholicorafashionvictim, it'shardtostopbuyingandshoppingonlinemakesbuyingstuffveryeasy.JamesWallmanisawriterandjournalist.Hequestionswhatweactuallyneed.Hesays, “I'mnotantistuff.Stuffisgood.I'mantitoomuchstuffandI'mantithewrongstuff.Don'tgooutandbuythatlabelledgoodthatyouthinkisgoingtomakepeoplethinksomethingmoreofyou.That'snotgoingtomakeyouhappy.”‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Olduselessthingsinthehousearetoberemoved.(要点1)However, ittakestimeandevenpainstoevaluateimportantitemsanddecidewhattogetridof.(要点2)Insteadofbeingthrownaway, oldthingscouldbemanagedbetterinotherways.(要点3)Apartfromthis, itisalsoadvisedthatpeopleshouldnotbuystuffthattheydon'tneed, justtokeeplifesimple.(要点4)‎ ‎2‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Onceuponatime, eatingalonewasjustthat: sittingdowninarestaurantonone'sownandeatingameal.Everyonediditsometimes, andwhentheydidsotheymightbealittleembarrassed.Toeatalonemightsuggestthatyoudidn'thaveanyfamilyorfriends, ordidn'tlikepeople.Therewasakindofshameattachedtoit.Nowadays, however, thereismoreandmoresolitary(独自的) eating.‎ 19‎ Peoplechoosetoeataloneforvariousreasons.“Foodies”—peoplewhohaveapassionateinterestindifferentcuisines(美食)—doitbecausealltheyneedfortheirpleasureisthechancetoeatgoodfood.Theydon'twantcompanyorconversation, butonlythejoyofeatingsomespecialdish.‎ Otherpeopleeatalonebecauseit'ssimplypracticalforthemtodoso.Forinstance, it'sestimatedthatnearlyathirdofallthecustomersoffastfoodrestaurantseatalone.Theyareservedwiththeirfoodfast, eatitfastandthenleavefast—becausetheyhaveameetingtomakeorachildtopickupfromschool.‎ Butforothers, theappealofeatingaloneisquitedifferent.It'sanexperienceoffreedom.Forthehourthatittakestohaveameal.theycanforgetallthepressuresoftheirlives.Forabriefwindow, theydon'thavetodealwiththeirfamilyorjob.Theycanrelaxandlettheirmindwander.Maybetheywillbringabook, anewspaperorperhapstheywillshylyspyonthepeoplearoundthem.Partoftheappealofthisnewtrendissurelythatamealtakenaloneislikealittleholidayfromthebusynessofmodernlife, inwhichwehavesomuchtodoallthetime.DavidAnnand, editorofUSbasedCondeNastTravelermagazine, whodelightsindiningalone, speaksofhispleasureinthe“rhythmofamealinarestaurant—itsebbandflow(人来人往), theregulararrivalanddepartureofthewaiter”.Thisrestaurantrhythmallowshimandothers, hewrites, tositback, observe, andthink.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Nowadays, however, thereismoreandmoresolitaryeating.(要点1)“Foodies”doitbecausealltheyneedfortheirpleasureisthechancetoeatgoodfood.(要点2) Besides, otherpeopleeatalonebecauseit'ssimplypracticalforthemtodoso.(要点3) Lastly, forothers, theappealofeatingisanexperienceoffreedom.(要点4)‎ 19‎ ‎3‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Didyouknowthat60.2%ofUSfamiliesowndogs?That'sover75millionfamilies.Besidesgettingafaithfulcompanion, thesefriendsalsoprovidemanyhealthbenefitsthatcanbetrulylifechangingforyourfitnessandwellness.‎ Mostdogsneedtodotheirbusinessoutsidemanytimesperday, soyouareupandmovingmoreoftenthannonpetowners.Theaveragedogownerspends300minutesperweekwalking, comparedtoanonpetowner's168minutes.Frequentdailyexerciselowersyourbloodpressureandreducesyourchancesofsufferingfromheartdisease.‎ Yourphysicalhealthisn'ttheonlythingthatgetsbetterwithacompaniondog.Youcanalsoimproveyourmentalwellbeing.Peoplesufferingfromanxietyfindithelpfultohaveadogonhandthat'shappytoprovideassistance.Youcanfindmanydogsoperatingasemotionalsupportanimals, andhelppeopleinstressfulsituationsfeelbetter.Ifyourdogisamoreactivetype, youcouldfindyourselftakingyourfriendallovertheplace.Ifyoutakeyourdogtotheforest, youactuallyloweryourtendencytosuffernegative(消极的) feelings.Aresearchstudydiscoveredthatthepartofthebrainthatismostactivewhenyoudealwithnegativethingscalmsdownwhenyouspendtimeamongthetrees.‎ Thedogownershiproutineallowsyoutobuildhealthyhabitsanditalsogivesyoutheopportunitytomakesocialconnections.Dogparksarefilledwithpeopleyoushareacommoninterestwith, andthereareplentyofpeoplewholovetogivedogsafriendlypat(轻拍)duringwalks.Alloftheseareopportunitiestohavenewgreatfriendshipsandotheremotionalconnections.‎ Yourdoctormightnotwritedownadogprescription(处方)，butwhenyoubecomeadogowner, yougetplentyofhealthbenefits.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 19‎ ‎[答案]‎ ManyUSfamilieshavedogsandthesecompanionanimalshelpimprovepeople'shealthinmanyways. (要点1) Takingthedogforawalkeverydaycontributestophysicalhealth. (要点2) Besides, dogs, whichcanofferpeopleemotionalsupportorgetthemclosetonature, bringpsychologicalbenefits.(要点3) Theyalsoprovidemorechancesofpositivesocialinteractionwithpeopleofthesameinterest. (要点4)‎ ‎4‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Nowadays, itismostprobablethatyouhaveanelectronicdeviceloadedwithhundredsoreventhousandsofyourfavouritesongs.Atanymomentintime, youcanfullyourheadphoneswiththesoundsofaparticularsongthatsuitsyourmoodatthatexacttime.‎ Musicissocommon.Buthaveyourealizedthepowerofit?Areyougettingreadyforabigsoccermatchordoyouneedtogetexcited? Maybesomehiphopwithastrongbeatwilldothetrick! Besides, youmightbereadytostudyforabigexamthenextday.Tohelpyoustudybetter，alittlebitofMozartmightmakeyourememberthingsbetter.‎ Wemayallhavebeenmovedbyparticularsongsthatspoketousinsomesituations.Butisthereanyscientificevidenceshowingthatmusicreallyhassucheffectonpeople? Ofcourse, thereis!Scientistshavelongrecognizedthepowerofmusic.Overtheyears, manystudieshavebeendonetoexamineingreaterdepththenatureandextentoftheeffectsmusichasonpeople.‎ Forexample, scientistsattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatlisteningtomusiccanhavepositiveeffectsonyourmood.Theirresearchgivesscientificcredibility(可靠性) tothebehaviorthatmanypeoplehavealreadyexperiencedontheirown: listeningtoupbeatmusiccanbrightenyourdayandboostyourmood.‎ Otherstudieshaveshownthatupbeatmusicisn'ttheonlytypeofmusicthatcanbehelpful，however.Whenpeoplearesadorhavesufferedapersonalloss, ‎ 19‎ sadmusiccanbehelpfulbecausethetoneandlyricsofthemusiccanresonate(引起共鸣) withthelisteners.Likewise，peopleunderalotofstressorexperiencingupsettingsituationscanbenefitfromlisteningtoangrymusic.Althoughangrymusicmightnothelpyouifyou'reinanormalmood, itstonecanbenefityouwhenyouaredealingwithstressfulandupsettingsituations.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Nowadays, withmoderndevices, musictoyourtasteiseasilyaccessible. (要点1) Yet, itspower, whichmightbenefityou, isnotfullyrealized.(要点2) Scientistshaveresearchedintothenatureandextentofmusic'seffectsonhumans. (要点3)Forinstance, scientistsattheUniversityofMissourihaveprovenupbeatmusiccancheeryouup. (要点4) Besides, sadmusicandangrymusichavealsobeenfoundtobehelpful.(要点5)‎ ‎5‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ WorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Whentheearlyimmigrantscametothiscountry, theybroughttheideathatworkwasthewaytoGodandheaven.ThisattitudestillinfluencesAmericatoday.Workisnotonlyimportantforthesalary, butalsoforsocialandpsychologicalworking, beingproductive.FormostAmericans, theyarewhattheydo.Whathappens, then, whenapersonretiresattheageofsixtyfiveorseventy?It'seasytoimaginethatretirementisnoeasything.Retireesoftenfeeltheyareunproductiveandnolongerneededbyothers.‎ Oncepeopleretire, theymayalsogetintofinancialtrouble.ManypeoplerelyonSocialSecuritycheckseverymonth.Duringtheirworkingyears, ‎ 19‎ employeescontributeacertainpercentageoftheirsalariestothegovernment.Whenpeopleretire, theyreceivethismoneyasincome.Thesechecksdonotprovideenoughmoneytoliveon, however, becausepricesareincreasingveryrapidly.Afterretirement, theyhavetochangetheirlifestyles.Theyhavetospendcarefullytobesurethattheycanaffordtobuyfood, fuel, andothernecessities.‎ Ofcourse, notallseniorcitizensfeelsadwhentheyareinfaceofretirement.Workingforsomanyyears, theyeventuallyhavetimetospendwiththeirfamiliesortoenjoytheirhobbiessuchasreading, travelingorjoiningsomeseniorcitizenclubs.Somecontinuetoworkparttime; otherschoosetodovolunteerworklikehelpingyoungpeopletogetstartedinnewbusiness.‎ Americangovernmentistakingstepstoeasetheproblemsofretiredpeople.Theyarebuildingnewhousing, offeringdiscountsinstoresandmuseumsandonbuses, andprovidingotherservices, suchasfreecourses, foodservice, andhelpwithhousework.Itiswisetodoso.Retiredcitizensareanimportantpartofthepopulationandtheirspecialneedsmustbeconcernedabout.Afterall, everyonewillbeaseniorcitizensomeday.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ WorkplaysanextremelyimportantroleinAmericanculture, sopeoplefindretirementdifficultastheymayfeeluselesswithoutjobs.(要点1) RetirementcanalsobringfinancialproblemsasSocialSecuritychecksdon'tprovideenoughmoney.(要点2) However, someseniorcitizensfeelhappyaboutretirementastheyfinallygettimetodowhattheyreallywant.(要点3) Americangovernmentissolvingretiredcitizens'problemsandconcerningtheirspecialneeds, whichiswiseandnecessary, becauseeveryonewillgetold.(要点4)‎ ‎6‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ 19‎ UnfairComparisons Thankstosocialmedia, thedistancebetweenfriendsissmallerthanever.Butdoesthatmakeushappier? Notnecessarily.Arecentstudyhasfoundspendingtoomuchtimecomparingyourlifewiththeseeminglyperfectlivesofyourfriendsonsocialmediacanresultindepressivesymptoms.‎ We'vealldoneit—browsingthroughourWeChatfriends'updateswhilefeelingthatgreeneyedmonsterholdingitsheadinourminds: Aretheirhomesbiggerandmoretasteful? Aretheirvacationsmoreexpensiveandexciting? Aretheircareersmoresuccessfulandrewarding?‎ Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.Themoretimeyouspendonsocialmedia, themorelikelyitisforyoutofeeldepressivesymptoms, accordingtoanewstudyoutofUniversityofHouston.Thestudy, ledbyMaiLySteers, examinesthepotentialimpactonlinesocialcomparisoncanhaveonaperson'smentalhealth.‎ ‎“Theunderlyingmechanismissocialcomparison，”Steerssaid.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”‎ ThissocialcomparisontheorywaspopularizedbyUSpsychologistLeonFestingerinthe1950s.AccordingtoanarticleinTheAtlantic, Festingerarguedthatpeoplehaveborntendenciestotracktheirprogressandmeasuretheirselfworthbycomparingthemselveswithotherpeople.Thatsocialcomparisonleadstofeelingsofinsignificanceandinsecurity.Researchhassincefoundthatmakingsocialcomparisons, especiallyupwardcomparisons(topeoplewethinkaboveusforwhateverreason), isassociatedwithnegativehealthoutcomeslikedepressivesymptomsanddecreasedselfesteem.‎ ‎“Youcan'treallycontrolthestrongdesiretocomparebecauseyouneverknowwhatyourfriendsaregoingtopost.Inaddition, mostofourfriendstendtopostaboutthegoodthingsthatoccurintheirlives, whileleavingoutthebad.Ifwe'recomparingourselveswithourfriends’‘sharablehighlights’，thismayleadustothinktheirlivesarebetterthantheyactuallyare, ‎ 19‎ andthusmakeusfeelworseaboutourownlives.”‎ Soifyouarethejealoustype, maybethinkaboutsigningoffofyourWeChatforawhile.Yourwellbeingmaydependonit.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]‎ Socialmediacancausedepressivesymptoms, becausepeoplearelikelytocomparewiththeirfriends.(要点1) Itcanresultininsignificantandinsecurefeelingsaboutthemselves, sincetheycannotresisttheirowndesiretocomparewiththeirfriendsabouttheirgoodthings.(要点2) Therefore, peopleshouldstayawayfromtheWeChatforawhile.(要点3)‎ 19‎