考点35+强调句-高考全攻略之备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过 13页

考点35 强调句 高考频度：★★★★★‎ ‎ ‎ 强调句知识结构：‎ 强调句型 注意点 例 句 It is (was) +‎ 被强调部分+that(who)…‎ 为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…；‎ 表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。‎ 一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。‎ 原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace.‎ 强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace last night.‎ 强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth‎ ‎Palace last night.‎ 强调地点状语：It was in the Youth‎ ‎Palace that I saw a film last night.‎ 强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace. ‎ 谓语动词的强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。‎ 注意：‎ ‎①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；‎ ‎②does ‎①Do be careful when you cross the street.‎ 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！‎ They do work hard at maths.‎ 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。‎ ‎②He does send an email to me every day.‎ 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。‎ ‎③He did do his homework yesterday.‎ 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。‎ 用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；‎ ‎③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。‎ It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式 It is (was) +‎ 被强调部分+that(who)…‎ 句式基本特征：‎ Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；‎ 或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…‎ ‎①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronauts succeeded _______ landing on the moon ?‎ A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in ‎②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you had dinner with me yesterday ______ you lost your handbag?‎ A. that; which B. which; that ‎ C. where; that D. that; where 特殊疑问句形式 句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+ that…‎ ‎—_______is it _______has made Peter _______he is today?‎ ‎—Determination.‎ A. What; that; that B. That; that; what ‎ C. What; what; that D. What; that; what 反意疑问句形式 句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？‎ It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, ______?‎ A. do they B. didn’t they C. wasn’t it D. was it 强调句与其它句型的结合 与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。‎ ‎①I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary.‎ A. that it was there B. where was it that ‎ C. that where it was D. where it was ‎ that ‎【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。‎ 第一步：复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.‎ 第二步：对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?‎ 第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.‎ ‎②It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there.‎ A. when; which B. where; what ‎ C. then; so D. that; that ‎【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。‎ 与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。‎ ‎①It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood. ‎ A. which; that B. that; where ‎ C. which; which D. that; which ‎【解析】A。本题含义为＂是在这间小房子里他度过了童年＂，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。‎ ‎②Is _______three hours ______the boy ‎ _______family is poor to come to school on foot?‎ A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose ‎ C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;‎ ‎【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：‎ 第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.‎ 第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：‎ It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.‎ 第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.‎ 第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。‎ 强调句型的省略形式 句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。‎ ‎①—Who is making so much noise in the garden?‎ ‎—________ the children.‎ A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are ‎【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。‎ ‎②—He was nearly drowned once. ‎ ‎—When was that?‎ ‎—_______ was in 1998 he was in middle school. ‎ A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that ‎【解析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.‎ 强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。‎ ‎1. 被强调的成分举例：‎ ‎ 原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.‎ ‎ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.‎ ‎2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：‎ ‎ 直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：‎ ‎ Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?‎ ‎3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：‎ ‎ Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?‎ ‎4. that (who) 有时可以省略：‎ ‎ 这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：‎ ‎ It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.‎ ‎5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：‎ ‎ 若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：‎ ‎ As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：‎ ‎ It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.‎ ‎ 6. 强调句的否定转移：‎ ‎ 有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not... until...;句式的强调要特别注意。例如：‎ ‎ He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：‎ ‎ It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.‎ ‎ 【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not... until...句型不要倒装。‎ ‎ 高考中强调句型考查热点 考向一 强调句型的基本结构 ‎ 强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：‎ It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。‎ ‎1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎2.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. where D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。本题考查强调句，强调句型结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。‎ ‎3. It was the culture, rather than the language, _________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad A. where B. why C. that D. what ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 考向二 特殊句式中的强调句型 ‎1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示到底、究竟等语气时，就用如下结构：‎ ‎ 特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分。如：‎ ‎ How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的?‎ ‎2. 在强调not... until结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It + is / was + not until... + that + 该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：‎ His father didn’t come back from work until 12o’clock. = It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came home form work.‎ ‎ 直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ A. while B. though C. that D. after ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that … 故选C项。‎ ‎2.Was it because Jack came late for school ____________ Mr. Smith got angry?‎ A. why B. who C. where D. that ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 考向三 强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断 ‎ 强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较：‎ ‎ It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)‎ ‎ It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)‎ ‎ 判断是否是强调句，可采用还原法。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 能力过关 I.‎‎ 单项填空 ‎1. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ＿＿＿ makes life happy.‎ A. that B. which ‎ C. what D. who ‎2. It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.‎ A. who B. that ‎ C．when D. how ‎3. It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.‎ A. when B. that ‎ C. which D. what ‎4. It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.‎ A. that B. where ‎ C. why D. when ‎6. It was ten o’clock _________ he came back home.‎ A. when B. that C. since D. after ‎7. It was not until he came back _________ he knew the police were looking for him. ‎ A. which B. since C. that D. before ‎8. ＂Was it under the tree ________ you were away talking to a friend?＂ ＂Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. while ‎9. It’s more than half a century ________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.‎ A. when B. that C. since D. while ‎10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan. ‎ A. which B. as C. that D. when II．短文改错 ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.‎ ‎ Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组二 体验真题 ‎1. （2016·天津卷·单项填空）It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ A. who B. where C. which D. that ‎2.（2016·上海卷·语法填空）But like so many other things, it is only too much stress (34) _______ does you harm. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 题组一 能力过关 ‎ I.‎ 单项填空 ‎1.A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。由于被强调的是with the help of the local guide，而并非guide, 所以用that来连接。‎ ‎3.B ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。句意：只有在读了这些文件后，格罗斯先生才认识到他面临着的任务很难完成。此句是对only引导的时间状语从句的强调。省略了it was…that 之后，句子结构完整。‎ ‎4.A ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。根据固定句型it was not until … that… 直到……才，得出答案为that。句意：直到在信的结尾她才提到了她的计划。‎ ‎6. A ‎ ‎【解析】when 表示＂当……的时候＂，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为＂当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。＂‎ ‎7. C ‎ ‎【解析】为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … 的形式。‎ ‎8.D ‎ ‎【解析】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：＂当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?＂＂当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。＂现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。‎ ‎9.C ‎ ‎ ‎10.C ‎ ‎【解析】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。‎ II．短文改错 ‎ ‎【答案】‎ When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was , I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一处：删除realize后的of 考查介词。realize是及物动词，后面接宾语时不需要介词。‎ 第二处：had→have 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the past few years判断用现在完成时。‎ 第三处：and→but 考查连词。固定短语not only…but also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。‎ 第四处：took→taken 考查动词。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，故把took改为taken。‎ ‎ ‎ 第八处：difference→different 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。‎ 第九处：late→latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late 改为latest。‎ 第十处：your→my 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆，故把your改为my。‎ ‎ ‎ 题组二 体验真题 ‎1.D ‎ ‎【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。‎ ‎2.that ‎ ‎【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was...that/who...后句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以外的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎