2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 1 14页

‎●必修5●‎ ‎[话题素材——伟大的科学家]‎ 好词 ‎1．observe v. 观察 ‎2．solution n. 解决 ‎3．inspire v. 鼓舞；激励 ‎4．create v. 创造 ‎5．accurate adj. 精确的 ‎6．be curious about 对……好奇 ‎7．in search_ of 寻找 ‎8．apply...to... 把……运用于……‎ ‎9．be equipped with 装备/配备……‎ ‎10．take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 ‎11．by no means 决不 ‎12．give up 放弃 ‎13．be devoted to 投身于/致力于……‎ ‎14．be crazy about 对……狂热/着迷 ‎15．all_the_way 一直；始终 佳句 ‎1．Science has brought_about many changes in our lives.‎ 科学为我们的生活带来很多变化。‎ ‎2．It_occurs_to_me that he might be interested in the theory we have discussed.‎ 我想起来了，他也许对我们讨论过的那个理论感兴趣。‎ ‎3．Many scientists regard time as the most important thing in life.‎ 许多科学家把时间看作是生命中最重要的东西。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ A Brief Introduction of Qian Xuesen Qian Xuesen was born into a wealthy family on December 11,1911. He was so clever that he was regarded as a “supertalented” boy in his childhood.‎ Having graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934, he went to America for his further study and gained his Doctor's degree in the Science of Astronomy. Since he returned to China in 1955, he devoted all his life to China's Astronomy and Aircraft industry. He took ‎ part in the design and research of rockets and missiles, opening a new era of China's Astronomy industry.‎ It's for his outstanding achievements that he is honoured as the “Father of China's Aerospace” and the “King of Rockets”. Qian Xuesen, a pioneer of China's Astronomy industry, passed away in October, 2009 in Beijing.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．scientific (adj.) 科学的→science (n.) 科学→scientist (n.)科学家 ‎2．conclude (vt.&vi.) 结束；推断出→conclusion (n.) 结论；结束 ‎3．analyse (vt.) 分析→analysis (n.) 分析 ‎4．attend (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加→attendance (n.)出席；参加；到场 ‎5．expose (vt.) (与to连用)暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed (adj.) 无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的→exposure (n.) 显露；暴露；揭露；曝光 ‎6．suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑； (n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion (n.) 怀疑→suspicious (adj.)有疑心的 ‎7．foresee (vt.) 预见；预知→foresaw(过去式)→foreseen (过去分词)‎ ‎8．pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏→pollution (n.) 污染→polluted (adj.) 被污染了的 ‎9．announce (vt.) 宣布；通告→announcement (n.) 宣布；通知 ‎10．instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导→instruction (n.) 教育；说明；指导；教训→instructive (adj.) 富有教育意义的；启发的 ‎11．construct (vt.) 建设；修建→construction (n.) 建设；建筑物→constructor (n.) 建造者；建造商→constructive (adj.) 建设性的；积极的 ‎12．contribute (vt. & vi.) 捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution (n.) 捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎13．enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的→enthusiasm (n.) 热情 ‎14．reject (vt.) 拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection (n.) 拒绝；抛弃 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．put_forward　　　　提出 ‎2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3．expose..._to 使显露；暴露 ‎4．be_to_blame 应受责备 ‎5．look_into 调查；研究 ‎6．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎7．apart_from 除……之处；此外 ‎8．be_strict_with... 对……严格 ‎9．make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎10．at_times 有时 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．neither... nor...既不……也不……‎ Neither (既不) its cause nor (也不) its cure was understood.(教材P2)‎ ‎2．“every time”作连词引导时间状语从句，“每次……”‎ So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次暴发霍乱时)．(教材P2)‎ ‎3．to do 作目的状语/suggest意为“建议”时用虚拟语气，即“should＋do”，其中should可以省略 To_prevent (为防止) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be_examined (经过检测)．(教材P3)‎ ‎4．only＋状语，句子结构发生倒装 Only_if (只有) you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense (讲得通)．(教材P7)‎ ‎5．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it (行星围绕着它转) and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材P7)‎ ‎6．doing 作状语/who引导定语从句 The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying (声称) it was against God's idea and people who_supported_it (支持这种想法的人) would be attacked.(教材P7)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, ________ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.‎ 答案：that　句意：约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。so...that...“如此……以致于……”，固定搭配。‎ ‎2．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera.‎ 答案：exposed　句意：但当他一想到要帮助受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。“(be) exposed to”意为“暴露于……”，在此处作后置定语，修饰people。‎ ‎3．John Snow wanted to face the challenge and ________ (solve) the problem.‎ 答案：solve　and连接两并列成分“face the challenge”和“solve the problem”。‎ ‎4．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained ________ cholera killed people.‎ 答案：how　句意：他对于两种可能解释霍乱致人死亡的理论非常感兴趣。由句意可知应填how，引导宾语从句。‎ ‎5．He was ________ (determine) to find out why.‎ 答案：determined　“be determined to do”意为“下定决心做……”。‎ ‎6．First he marked on a map the exact places ________ all the dead people had lived.‎ 答案：where　定语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。先行词为places。‎ ‎7．It seemed that the water ________ (blame)．‎ 答案：was to blame　“be to blame”意为“应受责备，对某事应负责任”。‎ ‎8．With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty ________ polluted water carried the virus.‎ 答案：that　此处为同位语从句，解释说明certainty的内容。同位语从句中that不作成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。‎ ‎9．He knew that cholera would never be controlled ________ its cause was found.‎ 答案：until　not/never...until...“直到……才……”。‎ ‎10．He found that it came from the river ________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.‎ 答案：polluted　“the river”与“pollute”之间为被动关系，故应填过去分词作其后置定语。‎ ‎1　　attend　vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(P2)‎ 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生，他的医术如此精湛，因而成为照顾维多利亚女王的私人医生。‎ ‎ ‎①[2015·福建高考]To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend_the_opening_ceremony.‎ 令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]I have some urgent business to attend_to.‎ 我有一些急事要处理。‎ ‎③[2014·广东高考改编]Parents should attend_to_their_children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.‎ 父母应该照顾好孩子，与此同时，也应听听孩子的意见。‎ 易混辨析 attend 表示出席或参加会议、仪式、典礼；也可表示上课、上学、听报告等 join 表示加入某一组织，并成为其中的一员，如加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部等，其宾语也可以是人 join in 表示参加正在进行的小型活动，也可用于join sb. in (doing) sth.表示加入某人一起做某事 take part in 表示参加活动，侧重说明主语参加并在其中发挥一定的作用，part前若有修饰语，前面要用不定冠词 ‎④[2014·福建高考]By now paramedics (急救人员) had arrived, and they were_attending to the injured.‎ 现在急救人员已经到达，他们正在照料受伤人员。‎ ‎⑤I have an important meeting to attend,_so I can't join you in the discussion.‎ 我有一个重要的会要出席，所以我不能加入你们的讨论。‎ ‎2　　expose　vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(P2)‎ 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ expose...to 使显露；暴露；使……处于……(危险)中 be exposed to 暴露于……；接触 expose_sb._to_sth. 使某人接触到某物 ‎①[2015·四川高考]And the more birds are_exposed_to light, the more active they are at night.‎ 鸟类越多地暴露于灯光下，它们在晚上就会越活跃。‎ ‎②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep_exposed_to the language and culture.‎ 因为我是中国人，所以我丈夫和我都希望自己的孩子接触中文并了解中国文化。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]We want to expose our kids to as much art and culture as possible.‎ 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化的熏陶。‎ ‎3　　absorb　vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(P2)‎ 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ ‎(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb...from... 从……中吸收……‎ absorb...into... 把……吸收进……‎ be absorbed by/into 被……吞并(吸引)‎ ‎(be) absorbed in... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎①[2015·北京高考]But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments, so its tissues won't absorb_light.‎ 但透明的动物没有色素，因此它的组织不会吸收光。‎ ‎②[2015·福建高考]A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.‎ 一束微弱的光透过墙上的一个小孔射过来，他在全神贯注地读书。‎ ‎③[北师大④－12]I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb_all_the_new_things around me.‎ 我一直忙于学习，并试图了解身边所有的新事物。‎ ‎4　　blame　v．谴责；责备；把……归咎于　n．过失；责备 It seemed that the water was to blame.(P2)‎ 看起来水是罪魁祸首。‎ ‎(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因……而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 将……归咎于某人 be to blame 应受责备；应负责任(主动表被动)‎ ‎(2)get/take the blame 承担责任 put/lay the blame on sb. 把责任推到某人身上 ‎①[2014·浙江高考]Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to_blame.‎ 乔很骄傲而且很固执，从不承认他错了而且总是责备别人。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]Which driver was__to_blame_for_the_accident?‎ 哪个司机应对这次事故负责？‎ ‎③[朗文词典]She stole the money but she's trying to put_the_blame_on_me.‎ 她偷了钱，却想把责任推到我身上。‎ ‎5　　announce vt.宣布；通告 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. (P3)‎ 有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就可以肯定地宣称被污染的水携带病毒。‎ ‎ (1)It is announced that... 据宣布……/据通知……‎ announce sth. to sb./to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 ‎(2)announcement n. 通告；宣告；通知 announcer n. 广播员；播音员 make an announcement 宣布；通知 ‎①[朗文词典]At the end of their meeting, it_was_announced_that an agreement had been reached.‎ 会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]Has our flight been_announced yet?‎ 广播宣布了我们的航班没有？‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Mary announced_to_her_parents_that she was going to run for monitor.‎ 玛丽向父母宣布她准备竞选班长。‎ ‎6　　contribute vt.捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎－to contribute (P4) 捐献 ‎ (1)contribute sth. to/towards向……捐献某物 contribute to有助于；导致；为……作贡献；为……捐款；向……投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件 make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献；为……捐款 ‎①[2015·安徽高考]Our appetite for new products also contributes_to_the_problem.‎ 我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会导致这个问题。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made_such_a_positive_contribution_to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”．‎ Chris Lewis将会解释Brindley是如何对早期的土木工程组的教育做出如此积极的贡献的。‎ ‎③[2014·福建高考]Sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness.‎ 体育运动主要有助于你的身体健康。‎ 图解助记 ‎④[必背佳句]Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily.‎ 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了《中国日报》。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Due to a weak heart, Nadine ________ (attend) school and university briefly.‎ 答案：attended　句意：由于心脏衰弱，Nadine上中学和大学的时间非常短暂。应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．Don't expose your skin ________ direct sunlight, or you'll get burnt.‎ 答案：to　句意：不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。expose...to...“使……暴露于/处于……危险中”。‎ ‎3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.‎ 答案：Absorbed　“(be) absorbed in”意为“全神贯注于……”，此处省略be动词作状语。‎ ‎4．[2014·重庆高考]While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't ________ (blame) our genes for making us fat.‎ 答案：blame　句意：我们没有办法改变我们与生俱来的体形，因此我们不能归咎于让我们长胖的基因。情态动词后应填动词原形。‎ ‎5．[2013·山东高考]Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute ________ the new Sparrow image.‎ 答案：to　“contribute to”意为“有助于；导致；促成”。‎ ‎6．[2015·湖北高考]Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, ________ (cure) diseases, and make bombs.‎ 答案：cure　由情态动词can可知应用动词原形。‎ ‎7．He was right and his ________ (conclude) proved to be right.‎ 答案：conclusion　由his可知此处应填名词形式。conclusion“结论”。‎ ‎8．The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news ________ the reporters.‎ 答案：to　“announce...to sb.”意为“向某人宣布……”。‎ ‎9．Instead of ________ (blame) each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.‎ 答案：blaming　由介词短语instead of可知此处应填blaming。‎ ‎10．The invention of paper was a great ________ (contribute) to human civilization.‎ 答案：contribution　根据空前的冠词和形容词知应填名词形式，句意：纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。‎ ‎1　　put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前 Who put forward a theory about black holes？(P1)‎ 谁提出的黑洞理论？‎ ‎ ‎①[2015·广东高考]The 1995 pop song ‘Common People’ puts_forward the view that though a middleclass person may ‘want to live like common people’ they can never appreciate the reality of a workingclass life.‎ ‎1995年的一首流行歌曲《Common People》提出：尽管一个中产阶级的人可能想要和普通人一样生活，他们永远无法理解一个工人阶级生活的现实。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put_off their entry until next year.‎ 今年，25310名在高等教育机构中获得一席之地的学生们都把入学推迟到了明年。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]The suggestion put_forward by your teacher was well worth considering.‎ 老师提出的建议很值得考虑。‎ ‎2　　apart from 除……之外；此外＝aside from Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. (P4)‎ 除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。‎ apart from具有下列三层含义：‎ ‎(1)相当于besides。指“除……之外，另外还有”，强调“另外还有”‎ ‎(2)相当于except。指“除了……”，表示从整体中除去 ‎(3)相当于except for。指“除……外”，是在对某人或物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足 ‎①[2014·辽宁高考]Apart_from your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, which explains how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.‎ 除了你很棒的创新之外，你还需要上交一篇报告，解释这个想法是如何产生的以及你将使用什么样的材料。‎ ‎②[2014·重庆高考]Apart_from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.‎ 除了大象胃里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Apart_from providing warmth, what is fire used for?‎ 除了用来取暖，火还有什么用处？‎ ‎3　　make sense 有意义；讲得通 ‎ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (P7)‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎ ‎①[2015·广东高考]When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “we all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn't completely make_sense.‎ 当我长大并进入商界，我记得我的第一位老板说过：“我们都需要像销售员一样去思考。”但这根本没有任何意义。‎ ‎②[2014·北京高考]NBC News pays my salary, and I feel as if I work for the customers, helping them make_sense_of the world.‎ NBC新闻付我薪水，并且我感觉我像在为顾客们工作，帮助他们理解这个世界。‎ ‎③[2014·江苏高考]In_a_sense,_it's human nature to do precisely that－we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.‎ 从某种意义上来说，我们一直评估决定的优点与缺点，这是人类严谨做事的本性。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 apart from； make sense； be exposed to； put forward； link...to...； be strict with； be cautious about； in no sense ‎1．It ________ to follow your parents' suggestions.‎ 答案：makes sense ‎2．________ a few faults, he is a respectable teacher.‎ 答案：Apart from ‎3．The wire ________ the television.‎ 答案：is linked to ‎4．Although my father is a kind person, he ________ me in my study.‎ 答案：is strict with ‎5．________ will they give in to any pressures.‎ 答案：In no sense ‎6．If you ________ English reading and listening every day, you are sure to make much progress in it.‎ 答案：are exposed to ‎7．He ________ his proposal at the meeting.‎ 答案：put forward ‎8．On the Internet, you should ________ your own personal information.‎ 答案：be cautious about ‎1　　Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ only＋状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。但only＋主语位于句首时不用倒装。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·湖南高考]Only_when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep good relationships with others.‎ 只有当你找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。‎ ‎②Only then did_we_know how much damage had been caused.‎ 直到那时我们才知道造成的损失有多大。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Only by working hard can_you_succeed.‎ 只有努力工作你才能成功。‎ ‎[注]　Only you can do it.(only＋主语时不倒装)‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Mind the colors. Research ________ (suggest) warm colors fuel our appetites.‎ 答案：suggests　叙述客观规律且主语为第三人称单数，可知谓语动词用一般现在时，单数形式。句意：关注颜色，研究表明暖色能激起我们的胃口。‎ ‎2．Only in an hour ago ________ the teacher find out why he was absent.‎ 答案：did　“only＋状语”位于句首，句子要部分倒装，由时间状语in an hour ago可知为一般过去时。‎ ‎3．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Then my 17yearold suggested ________ (give) him a gift card.‎ 答案：giving　suggest doing“建议做某事”。‎ ‎4．Only ________you are modest can you make progress.‎ 答案：if　if引出条件句，意为“如果”。句意：谦虚使人进步。‎ ‎5．I recognized her ________ moment I saw her.‎ 答案：the　考查the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________________ I heard the plan he put forward, I felt very excited.‎ 我第一次听到他提出的计划时，感到很兴奋。‎ 答案：The first time ‎2．[2015·四川高考]When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that ________________ a bunch of pronunciation rules first.‎ 说到如何讲流利的普通话，我建议你首先学一些发音规则。‎ 答案：you learn ‎3．[2014·江西高考]________________ progress and the invention of new technology can many old products be brought back to their old state.‎ 只有跟随新科技的发明和进步，许多老产品才会被带回到以前的状态。‎ 答案：Only with 过去分词作定语和表语 过去分词作定语 ‎1．单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后，但单个过去分词修饰something, everything等不定代词时，也要后置。‎ It came from the river polluted (pollute) by the dirty water from London.‎ From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected (affect) person died.‎ ‎2．过去分词与现在分词作定语时的区别 ‎[2014·北京高考]Last night, there were millions of people watching (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her.‎ 分析：watch与people之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行；‎ appoint与nurse之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成。‎ 过去分词作表语 ‎1．过去分词与v.ing形式作表语的区别 v．ing作表语时，表示特征，意为“令人……”；过去分词作表语，表示状态，意为“感到……”‎ He became interested (interest) in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.‎ Our teacher told us students an inspiring (inspire) story to cheer us up.‎ ‎2．过去分词作定语和表语的区别 定语：置于名词之后或之前表示动作完成或被动。‎ 表语：置于系动词之后，说明主语的状态或特征。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]Teams of four, ________(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course.‎ 答案：dressed　句意：四人一组的几个队，穿着各种各样奇怪、滑稽的衣服，沿着一条50米的路线滚着一个完整的奶酪。此处考查be dressed in，且teams of four与dress为被动关系，作定语，故填dressed。‎ ‎2．[2015·北京高考]The system ________ (use) in this school is very successful.‎ 答案：used　主语The system与use之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意：这学校使用的系统很成功。‎ ‎3．After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ (catch) in the mud.‎ 答案：caught　句意：大雨过后，许多车陷入泥里。考查过去分词作表语，表示被动。‎ ‎4．[2015·湖南高考]Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the ________ (pollute) river.‎ 答案：polluted　此处为分词作定语，表被动，故填polluted。‎ ‎5．The children were all ________ after they heard the ________ news that their team had won the game.(inspire)‎ 答案：inspired; inspiring　第一空修饰人，故用inspired；第二空修饰物，故用inspiring。‎