专题04+科普知识与现代技术（模拟训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练 12页

专题04 科普知识与现代技术 模拟训练 Passage 1（2018届江西省红色七校高三联考）‎ Imagine looking at something and being able to move it just by using your brain! That is exactly what the new technology called BrainGate can do —with the help of a robotic arm, anyway.‎ BrainGate is the idea of Professor John Donoghue and his team of researchers at the Brown Institute for Brain Science, USA. BrainGate is attached directly to the brain. First of all, gold wires are put into the part of the brain that controls movement. These are then connected to a small computer chip(芯片) . When the person thinks about different movements, this creates electrical signals, which are picked up by the chip. After this, the signals that are created by the brain are sent back to a computer, which changes the signals into movements. Finally, the computer uses the robotic arm to carry out these movements. BrainGate can already be used to write an e-mail or play computer games, just by brain power.‎ The technology has already cost millions of dollars to develop and when it is available for use, it will probably cost thousands of dollars per person. There are still many challenges ahead for Donoghue and his team. They are currently planning a mini wireless version, which will allow people to be connected to the computer at all times. Donoghue also dreams of using this technology to help disabled people who can't move their arms or legs. He plans to connect BrainGate directly to their own paralysed limbs(瘫痪的胳膊或腿) .This will mean that the person can control their own body again, without relying on a robotic arm.‎ This research is attracting the military's (军方的) attention as well. However, it is easy to understand why scientists might be concerned about how thought-controlled machines could be used by the military.‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “These” refer to?‎ A. Movements. B. Thoughts. ‎ C. Brains D. Wires.‎ ‎2.What is one of BrainGate's disadvantages?‎ A. It needs improvement. B. It produces few movements.‎ C. It is too expensive. D. It is difficult to control.‎ ‎3.How will Donoghue help disabled people?‎ A. By developing a wireless version.‎ B. By replacing their limbs with robotic ones.‎ C. By making BrainGate smaller.‎ D. By attaching BrainGate to their bad limbs.‎ ‎4.What does the military think of thought-controlled machines?‎ A. They could lead to disasters. ‎ B. They would face fierce competition.‎ C. They could be useful. ‎ D. They would be in mass production.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了一种用思想控制四肢运动的BrainGate。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】代词指代题。根据画线词前的“First of all, gold wires are put into the part of the brain that controls movement.”可知，首先把一些金线和控制运动的大脑部分连接，然后再把这些金线和电脑芯片连接，故These指代的就是前面提到的“gold wires”。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He plans to connect BrainGate directly to their own paralysed limbs ”可知，Donoghue打算把BrainGate直接连到残疾人瘫痪的四肢上。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This research is attracting the military's attention as well.”及“thought-controlled machines could be used by the military.”可知，军方认为思想控制的机器很有用。‎ Passage2（2018届福建省百所重点校高三年上学期联合考试）‎ Welcome to Glass of Venice, the number one importer and retailer of authentic Murano Glass in the US and one of the top names among Murano Glass retailers worldwide. We work directly with artisans (工匠) from Murano, Italy to bring you the unique centuries old art rooted in tradition and skill. Every item is handcrafted with passion using ancient techniques that made Murano glassmakers world-famous since the 8th century. Now you needn’t make a trip to Murano to own an authentic piece of art as beautiful as Venice itself.‎ At the time of mass-produced products that carry no special meaning, Murano Glass gives you an opportunity to express your individuality. Every piece is unique.‎ Murano Glass is 100% handcrafted in Venice. Be a part of the centuries-old Venetian tradition!‎ A piece of the artisan’s heart and soul is captured in every Murano Glass creation. Crafting Murano Glass jewelry, vases, sculptures and other functional and decorative pieces is a complicated process from silica, minerals, water, and fire. Venetian artisans create masterpieces. The techniques they use are centuries old, and artisans have been trained for many years in their fathers’ and grandfathers, workshops before they can attain a revered status of the true master of the craft.‎ Murano Glass masters are not just artisans; they are artists. Ever since Murano glassmakers guild (公会) was established on this Venetian island in 1291, they have been innovating, seeking new methods of creating glass, and pushing forward to express new philosophies and artistic visions through glass. This made Murano Glass get its own art form, and it has been recognized at international expositions and top art museums and galleries worldwide. Today the famous glass masters working on Murano Island are first and foremost artists, and Glass of Venice is proud to offer artistic masterpieces from top Murano glass workshops.‎ ‎1.What can be inferred about Murano Glass?‎ A. It is made by using modern machines. ‎ B. Every piece is made in the US.‎ C. Every piece has a special style. ‎ D. It was designed in the 8th century.‎ ‎2.The underlined word “revered” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.‎ A. considerate B. relieved ‎ C. complex D. respected ‎3.What were Murano Glass masters devoted to doing according to the text?‎ A. Exploring ways to develop the creation of glass.‎ B. Exporting Murano Glass to many foreign countries.‎ C. Building art museums to show the beauty of Murano Glass.‎ D. Creating a special art form to express their philosophies of life.‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude to Murano Glass masters’ works?‎ A. Critical. B. Admirable. ‎ C. Cautious. D. Aggressive.‎ ‎【话题解读】文章介绍了Glass of Venice玻璃厂的发展历史以及制作工艺。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Every piece is unique.”可知，每一件作品都是独一无二的。故选C。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文可知句意：这些技工需要在他们父亲，祖父的作坊培养很多年才能获得收人尊敬的大师的地位。故选D。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中“and Glass of Venice is proud to offer artistic masterpieces from top Murano glass workshops.”可知，Glass of Venice以这些大师的作品骄傲。故选B。‎ Passage3（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试）‎ Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.‎ However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A ‎ deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.‎ ‎1.The passage mainly talks about________.‎ A. the world's food problem ‎ B. the development in biotech C. the genetically modified foods ‎ D. the way to solve food shortages ‎2.According to the passage, GM foods________.‎ A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries ‎3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.‎ A.GM foods are available everywhere B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets ‎4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?‎ A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】句意理解题。根据画线部分前的“More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.”可知今年美国将种植超过6500多万英亩的转基因作物，也就是说转基因技术已经从实验室进入市场。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。‎ Passage4（2018届安徽省江淮十校高三联考）‎ ‎ We all know the hard work that filmmakers and actors put in to provide us with entertainment, but it seems that even regular moviegoers like us have a big impact on how a movie turns out too. For decades now, film studios have used so-called test screenings to get feedback from members of the public before a movie comes out. While test audience members are usually asked to fill in a questionnaire after a screening, telling the film studio what they liked and didn’t like, media giant Disney has come up with a more high-tech solution.‎ According to a paper published this summer by the company’s researchers, Disney is measuring test audiences’ reactions by using special cameras placed inside cinemas. Pairing the cameras with custom software, the company can track what each audience member is feeling at any point in the movie, from anger to joy. This works by mapping 68 different points on each audience member’s ‎ face. The cameras can see in the dark, and the software can figure out a person’s mood based on the slightest of facial expressions.‎ It’s hoped that this new method will allow more detailed feedback from test audiences. Rather than relying on audience members to recall their feelings after the movie’s over, it can accurately read their reactions in real-time.‎ Test screenings are highly valued in the movie industry, and several well-known movies have been greatly altered following feedback. Viewers of E.T., the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), would have left the cinema feeling a whole lot differently if it weren’t for its test audience’s feedback. “In one cut of the film that was tested, E.T. died instead of going home in his spaceship. You won’t be surprised to hear that the test audience in question didn’t warm to this ending at all,” wrote media website Den of Geek.‎ But for those who are concerned about privacy, the cameras won’t be installed in public cinemas. After all, unless you’re part of a test audience, being in front of the camera is best left to the movie stars.‎ ‎1.Why are test screenings necessary?‎ A. To amuse us. B. To influence a movie.‎ C. To get reactions of the audience. D. To spy on the audience.‎ ‎2.How does the high-tech method work?‎ A. Audiences recall their detailed feelings.‎ B. The cameras can read accurate feedback from the audience.‎ C. The company can track each audience member.‎ D. The company are measuring audience’s reactions.‎ ‎3.What do we know about E.T?‎ A. It doesn’t warm the audience.‎ B. It altered audience’s feedback.‎ C. The original ending is different.‎ D. E T died in his spaceship.‎ ‎4.What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. People worry about privacy.‎ B. The cameras won’t be put in public cinemas.‎ C. The technology of test screenings is reliable.‎ D. You can be in front of the camera.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了可以获得观众对电影的真实反应的试映技术。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“film studios have used so-called test screenings to get feedback from members of the public before a movie comes out.”可知，试映是为了获得观众对电影的反应。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In one cut of the film that was tested, E.T. died instead of going home in his spaceship.”可知，电影《外星人》最初的结局和现在是不同的。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for those who are concerned about privacy, the cameras won’t be installed in public cinemas.”可知，摄像头不会安装在公共影院内。‎ Passage5（2017届黑龙江省大庆市高三第三次教学质量检测（三模））‎ The chances are that you’ve walked past a QR Code(二维码) or come into contact with one recently, possibly without noticing. Even if you haven’t seen one before, here are some examples for you.‎ But what exactly are QR Codes? Very simply, they are bar-codes, not too dissimilar to the bar-codes you saw on the package of almost every product you bought. QR Codes are combined with multiple rows and columns(列), which allows QR Code to stone its data.‎ QR Codes started out in the East but their popularity exploded worldwide within a few years. They are flexible, cheap, easy to read by scanners as simple as an App on your smart phone and easy for anybody to create. The direction of reading the QR codes is not limited. Even when damaged there is a chance that they are still readable. Unlike traditional bar-codes which are 1 dimensional (using 1 row of lines), QR Codes use 2 dimensions, which allows them to store a lot more data in the same area of space.‎ But can a picture or music be stored in a QR Code? Images and sounds consume much more data than text and a QR Code is limited to storing 3kb of data. The size of an image will need to be made so small to be stored that it will be impractical to do so. So it is with songs. In fact if you have a need to present the user with an image or kick off a music stream when they scan your QR Code, why not look to host it somewhere and then have your QR code simply linked to the content?‎ Not only have QR Codes surely brought us great convenience, but also security concerns at the same time. For example, a QR Code may be covered by one designed by a cheater on purpose, without being recognized. You sign up entering all your account details only to find the following day someone has gained access to your account because of the information you entered in that website.‎ ‎1.What do we know about QR Codes?‎ A. They can be scanned from any direction B. They use 1 row of lines to store data.‎ C. They are readable when damaged.‎ D. They are flexible but not cheap.‎ ‎2.Which is one big drawback of QR Codes?‎ A.A QR Code can be linked to somewhere else.‎ B.QR Codes cannot be used to present a picture.‎ C.A QR Code can store data of no more than 3kb.‎ D.QR Codes can only be read with an app on your smart phone.‎ ‎3.From the text we can infer that _______.‎ A. traditional bar-codes have an advantage over QR codes in storing data B. we had better pay attention to the security when using QR codes C.it makes sense to store a song of a picture in a QR code D.QR Codes are so dangerous that they are not worth using ‎4.The text mainly talks about______.‎ A. the use of QR Codes B. the disadvantages of QR Codes C. the advantages of QR Codes D. the formation of QR Codes ‎【话题解读】目前，二维码已经应用于我们工作和生活的各个方面，二维码给我们带来了极大的便利的同时也带来了安全隐患。文章讲述了什么是二维码以及用途和弊端。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The direction of reading the QR codes is not limited. Even when damaged there is a chance that they are still readable.”可知，我们可以从任何一个角度方向都可以识别读取二维码。故选A。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Not only have QR Codes surely brought us great convenience, but also security concerns at the same time. For example, a QR Code may be covered by one designed by a cheater on purpose, without being recognized. You sign up entering all your account details only to find the following day someone has gained access to your account because of the information you entered in that website.”可知，二维码给我们带来了极大的便利的同时也带来了安全隐患，可能会被骗子所利用，会暴露使用者的个人信息等。故选B。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲述了什么是二维码，二维码已经应用于我们工作和生活的各个方面。二维码给我们带来了极大的便利的同时也带来了安全隐患。故选A。‎