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Unit 1 Women of achievement
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．welfare n． 福利；福利事业
2．project n. 项目；工程；规划
3．institute n. 学会；学院；协会
4．specialist n. 专家；专业工作者
5．shade n． 荫；阴凉处
vt. 遮住光线
6．bond n.
7．nest n. 巢；窝
8．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚
9．career n． 事业；生涯
10．modest adj.
11．determination n. 决心；果断
12．chimp n. (非洲)黑猩猩
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．campaign n． 运动；战役
vi. 作战；参加运动
2．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的
3．childhood n. 童年；幼年时代
4．respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
5．crowd n. 人群；观众
vt. 挤满；使拥挤
6．audience n. 观众；听众；读者
7．generation n. 一代；一辈
8．deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
9．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
10．rate n. 比率；速度
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就；功绩
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2．connect vt.连接→connection n．连接；关系
3．organize vt.组织→organization n．组织；机构；团体
4．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性
5．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→observation n．观察；观测；监视
6．argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵
7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞
8．refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．提及；涉及；参考；查阅
9．sick adj.生病的→sickness n．疾病；恶心
10．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意图
11．consider v．考虑；认为→considerate adj.考虑周到的→consideration n．考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到
12．entertain vt.款待；使快乐→entertainment n．款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
13．support n．& vt.支持，拥护→supporter n．支持者
14．kind adj.仁慈的，好意的→kindness n．仁慈；好意
1.以ation为后缀的高频名词集锦
①inspiration 灵感；鼓舞
②consideration 考虑；体谅
③celebration 庆祝；庆典
④appreciation 欣赏；感激
⑤expectation 期望
⑥congratulation 祝贺
2.以ist为后缀的高频名词全接触
①artist 艺术家
②specialist 专家；专业工作者
③pianist 钢琴家
④tourist 游客
⑤scientist 科学家
⑥journalist 记者
3.“鼓舞；激励”家族
①inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示
②inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
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③encourage vt. 鼓励；激励
④encouragement n. 鼓励；激励
⑤motivate vt. 激发；激励
⑥motivation n. 激发；激励
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．move__off 离开；起程；出发
2．lead__a...life 过着……的生活
3．crowd__in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
4．look__down__upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
5．refer__to 查阅；参考；谈到
6．by__chance 碰巧；凑巧
7．come__across (偶然)遇见；碰见
8．carry__on 继续；坚持
9．devote...to... 献身于……；专心于……
10．work__out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是
1.“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 还清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑤take off 起飞；脱掉
⑥set off 出发；爆炸
2.“v.＋on”短语小结
①carry on 继续；坚持
②depend on 依赖；依靠
③take on 呈现
④go on 继续
⑤put on 穿上
⑥rely on 依赖；依靠
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
Only after her mother came to help her for the first
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句型1：“only＋状语”位于句首时的部分倒装
few months was__she__allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
句型2：once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
Once__I__stop,__it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
句型3：“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”
Suddenly it__hit__me__how__difficult__it__was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
句型4：It is/was...that/who...强调句
Further reading made me realize that it__was__hard__work__and__determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达 )I learned Chinese painting for more than ten years in my childhood(童年)．
2．(2017·江苏卷书面表达)The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment(娱乐)．
3．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile(值得做的) work.
4．The Chinese people observe(庆祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation.
5．The headmaster delivered(发表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday, which left a deep impression on his students.
6．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired(激励) scientists to explore the outer space.
7．On the National Day, the streets are crowded(crowd) with a large number of people.
8．There is little connection(connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月七选五)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year
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as show business legends(传说)．相当地
2．(2019·江苏卷阅读C)Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies，both at the national and the international levels，and for making the right career choices at the individual level.事业；生涯
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.妙计
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)
2．Listening to his inspiring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also inspiration．(inspire)
3．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health. At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue)
4．It is considerate of you to take my application into consideration at your early convenience.(consider)
5．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement．(achieve)
6．The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others. (behave)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
intend for; carry on with; live an active life; deliver a speech; refer to; behave oneself
Fu Xiuying, a famous woman writer who graduated from our school，1.delivered__a__speech on the importance of reading books. She argued that we should form the habit of reading. In her speech, she 2.referred__to the campaign she launched last year to raise people’s awareness of reading. She said, once we determined to read a book, we should 3.carry__on__with it. After listening to her speech, I was greatly moved. It hit me that I was supposed to buy Fu Xiuying’s book 4.intended__for senior students. In her book, Fu shares her feelings and ideas with us about teaching children how to 5.behave__themselves and learn to respect others.
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She inspires us to 6.live__an__active__life no matter what happens. I think it is worthwhile reading her book.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有你很好地了解一些中国的餐桌礼仪你才能表现得体。
Only you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can__you__behave__properly．
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)事实上，一旦你掌握了方法，剪纸就不难学了。
As a matter of fact, papercutting is easy to learn once__you__master__the__methods．
3．住院一个星期后，我突然意识到没有什么比健康更重要。
After I was in hospital for a week, it__hit__me__that nothing was more important than health.
4．俗话说，熟能生巧。只有这样我们才能提高我们的英语口语。
As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect. It is only in this way that__we__can__improve__our__oral__English．
behave vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Personally, it is completely wrong of him to behave towards/to others and life with such an attitude.
②Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves(they)．
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)就我个人而言，我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的举止。
As far as I’m concerned, all of us should mind__our__behaviour__in__public__places．
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.
对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为
[佳句背诵] Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people
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to behave properly in public places. 与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所的行为举止要适当。
observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；注意到；庆祝
[一词多义]——写出下列句中observe的含义
①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守
②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝
③(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.观察到
④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地观看太阳从海上升起。
On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed__the__sun__(was)__rising__from__the__sea．
observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that... 观察……
observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节
[佳句背诵] In a word, there are so many disadvantages of Internet voting that it is not worth trusting.Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
总之，网上投票有很多缺点，不值得信任。因此，应该制定规则并严格遵守。(江苏卷书面表达)
respect vt.尊敬；尊重 n．细节；方面；敬意；问候
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In China, we attach great importance to respecting(respect) the elderly.
②China is developing very rapidly in all respects and we’re all proud of our motherland. 方面
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out__of__respect__for__farmers’__labor(出于对农民劳动的尊敬)．
④(普通表达)We respect our English teacher. Her modesty and good behaviour make
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a deep impression on us.
(高级表达)We show__respect__for our English teacher whose__modesty__and__good__behaviour__make__a__deep__impression__on__us．(替换加黑词；升级为定语从句)
(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬
(3)give/send one’s respects to sb.
向某人表示敬意
[佳句背诵] When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority. 当我有不同的意见时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重多数人的意见。
[名师点津]
(1)respect表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；
(2)respect表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式。
argue vi.& vt.讨论；辩论；争论；证明；说服；主张
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①How I regretted arguing with her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.
②After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument(argue)．
③(2017·浙江卷6月)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.主张
[能力提升]——一句多译
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议， 但都是徒劳。
④We tried many ways to__argue__him__into__following our advice, but in vain.(argue)
⑤We tried many ways to__persuade__him__to__follow/into__following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)
⑥We tried many ways to__talk__him__into__following our advice, but in vain.(talk)
⑦We tried many ways to__convince__him__to__follow our advice, but in vain.(convince)
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(1)argue for... 为……而争论；赞成……
argue against... 争辩/反对……
argue with sb. on/about/over sth.
与某人争辩某事
(2)argue sb. into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
(3)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵；论点
[佳句背诵] It’s no use arguing with him about the question for he won’t change his mind.
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。
[联想发散] “说服某人做某事”的表达形式：
①persuade sb.to__do sth.；
②persuade sb.into__doing sth.；
③convince sb.to__do sth.；
④talk sb.into__doing sth.
support n．& vt.支持；拥护
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/同义词替换
①Supported(support) by the government，the research eventually turned out to be a great success.
②Supporting such a large family is really a heavy load for her.Feeding
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2019·天津卷)汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见。
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless__he__wants__their__support．
(1)support a family 养家糊口
support oneself 自力更生
(2)in support of sb. 支持某人
(3)supporter n. 支持者
[佳句背诵] ①Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.
只有几个人支持他的计划，这使他很失望。
②Supported by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. 在你的支持下，
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我们在机器人比赛中肯定会赢。(2018·天津卷)
intend vt.计划；打算
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to__organize/organizing(organize) some activities.
②This program was set up with an intention(intend) of providing help to homeless people.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·北京卷书面表达)这所大学以其面向国际学生的语言和文化课程而闻名。
③The university is known for its language and culture courses which__is__intended__for__international__students．(定语从句)
④The university is known for its language and culture courses intended__for__international__students．(分词作定语)
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事
(2)be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
be intended for... 专门为……；专门给……
(3)with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……
[佳句背诵] I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我仔细地看了这篇文章， 了解到它是为农村妇女而写的。
look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
[基础练习]——用look的相关短语填空
①Therefore，there is no reason for us to look__down__upon ordinary jobs.
②I like to look__back__on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
③The reason why I look__up__to the artist is that his works are inspiring.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我热烈欢迎您和您的演出。同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。
I’d like to express my warm welcome to you and your performances.Meanwhile, I__am__looking__forward__to__hearing__from__you__as__soon__as__possible．
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look up to 尊敬；仰视
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 调查；观察；窥视
look up 抬头看；查阅
look back on 回忆；回顾
look out (for...) 注意；留意
look through 浏览；仔细查看
[佳句背诵] With the development of science and technology, China has become a powerful country. The days are gone when Chinese people were looked down upon.
随着科学技术的发展，中国已经成为一个强大的国家。中国人被瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
refer to 提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅；参考
②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及
③People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．把……称作……
④As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.把……提交给……
(1)refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
reference book 参考书；工具书
[佳句背诵] The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。
carry on 继续；坚持；进行(生意、谈话等)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving(drive) like that.
②First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
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[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)If you continue working like that，you will break down sooner or later.
(高级表达)If you carry__on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
carry on
carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)
[佳句背诵] I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. 我讨厌工作时她给我打电话——我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。(天津卷)
once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”
(教材P2)Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。
[基础练习]——完成句子
①Once__you__begin__to__do__something(一旦你开始做某事), you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.
②You will be successful in the interview once__you__have__confidence(一旦你有自信心)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again.
(高级表达)Once__lost,__the good chance may never come again.(省略)
(1)once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。
(2)若once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致， 且从句中含有be动词的某种形式， 可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[佳句背诵] Once you have a good command of English, you will have an advantage over others when you hunt for a job.
一旦你精通英语，在找工作时你就比其他人有优势。
“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”
(教材P6)Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
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[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我突然想到我忘记我们的约定了。
②It__hit__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.
③It__occurred__to__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.
④It__struck__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.
it作形式主语的其他常见句型：
(1)It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……
(2)It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……
(3)It happens that... 碰巧……
[佳句背诵] It hit me why my mother didn’t want to tell me that she was sick.
我突然明白我母亲为什么不想告诉我她生病了。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月概要写作)We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to__achieve(achieve) a goal.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)Once his message was__delivered(deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
3．Having a large family to__support(support), he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.
4．(2019·天津卷)I was extremely inspired(inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Recently, people have begun studying the connection(connect) between the natural world and healing(治愈)．
6．Our English teacher is__respected(respect) for her kindness and broad knowledge.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to__start/starting(start) a campaign to protect our environment.
2．When you make a speech, you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not
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refer to your notes too often.
3．It was at dawn that Bruce was observed to__leave(leave) the building and take a taxi away.
4．Once students decide which college to go to，they should research the admission procedures.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．What really surprised us was that the president spoke at the meeting for nearly two hours without refer to his notes.refer→referring
2．Five students as well as their teacher is going to attend a meeting tomorrow.is__→are
3．It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.for→of
4．I was impressed by his inspired words, and I decided to cooperate with him.inspired→inspiring
5．He remained modesty even though he achieved a great deal in the field of science.modesty→modest
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the same way that western people celebrate Christmas Day.vt.庆祝
2．(江苏卷)With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people’s life in all respects.n.方面
3．The coat was sold at a modest price so I bought it at once.adj.合情合理的
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
My mother is a 1.respected(respect) woman, who never looks 2.down upon any people. Besides, she is so strict with me that she always reminds me not to refer 3.to notes in the exam. Now I have grown up and become more independent, but 4.once I come across setbacks, my mother will always encourage me to carry 5.on. Therefore, it hits me 6.that nobody is happier than me because I have such a good mother.
(二)
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As is well known, the surroundings where a child is brought up are in 1.connection(connect) with the formation of good 2.behaviour(behave). Last month, a program began in our community with the 3.intention(intend) of helping children form good public behaviour. A famous professor delivered an 4.inspiring(inspire) speech. He called on adults to set good examples for children by being 5.considerate(consider) and thoughtful to others.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿，题目是“The Most Impressive Woman in My Life”，请你写一篇稿件，投给校英文报。内容包括：①这位女士的特点；②这位女士给你的影响。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①谈到我生命中印象最深的女士，我突然想到我的英语老师赵老师，她是最令人印象深刻的一个人。
When it comes to the most impressive woman in my life, it__hits__me__that__my__English__teacher__Miss__Zhao__is__the__most__impressive__one．
②作为教师，她毕生致力于教学。
As a teacher, she__has__devoted__her__whole__life__to__teaching．
③她写了许多文章，有些文章是针对英语薄弱的学生的。
She has written many articles, and some of them are__intended__for__students__poor__in__English．
④她对所有学生的关爱和体贴让她深受尊重。
The__kindness__and__consideration she shows to all students make her highly respected．
⑤在她的鼓舞和帮助下，我表现得很好并进步很大。
With__her__inspiration__and__help,__I__have__behaved__well__and__achieved__much.
⑥无可争辩，赵老师就是一位让我印象深刻并赢得我尊重的老师。
It__is__beyond__argument__that__Miss__Zhao__is__the__one__who__impresses__me__most__and__wins__my__respect.
2．升级平淡句
⑦利用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级句③
She__has__written__many__articles,__some__of__which__are__intended__for__students__poor__in__English.
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⑧利用强调句升级句④
It__is__the__kindness__and__consideration__she__shows__to__all__students__that__make__her__highly__respected.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides，most importantly)
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One possible version：
The Most Impressive Woman in My Life
When it comes to the most impressive woman in my life, it hits me that my English teacher Miss Zhao is the most impressive one.
As a teacher, she has devoted her whole life to teaching. Besides, she has written many articles, some of which are intended for students poor in English. Most importantly, it is the kindness and consideration she shows to all students that make her highly respected. With her inspiration and help, I have behaved well and achieved much.
It is beyond argument that Miss Zhao is the one who impresses me most and wins my respect.
(建议用时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·唐山一模)Stan Lee, cofounder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and cocreator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.
Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely
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Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name—Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U. S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70year marriage and had two children.
In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with superteam the Justice League of America.
To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comicbook superheroes included SpiderMan, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the XMen.
Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了漫威创始人斯坦·李富于传奇色彩的一生。作为一名漫威创始人，他对美国的漫画进行了革新，创造了许多超级英雄，荣获了国家艺术奖章。
1．What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2?
A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years.
B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.
C．He had a tough and struggling childhood.
D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a son of workingclass Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby singlebedroom apartment...as an assistant at Timely Comics.”可知，斯坦·李拥有一个艰辛的童年，故选C项。
2．What was the company called when SpiderMan was created?
A．Timely Comics. B．Marvel Comics.
C．Atlas Comics. D．DC Comics.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1961，Timely Comics changed its name
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into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics”可知，公司的名字按照时间顺序依次为Timely Comics→Atlas Comics→Marvel Comics，神奇四侠于1961年首次推出，而蜘蛛侠是之后创作的，所以创作蜘蛛侠时公司的名称应是漫威(Marvel Comics)。故选B项。
3．What does the underlined word “icon” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Statue. B．Agent.
C．Assistant. D．Symbol.
D 解析：词义猜测题。最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就，作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一，斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一，没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界，所以他可以被称为是漫威宇宙的标志。由此可推知，icon意为“标志”，故选D项。
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics
B．The Development of Marvel Comics
C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books
D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了漫威创始人之一斯坦·李的传奇一生，他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的，他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作是顶级的文化品牌，所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“开拓者；发起者；创始人”，故选A项。
B
(2020·东北三省四市二模)You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slowwave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch(抽动) and she flicks(轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis(麻痹)”．
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.
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In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brainwaverecording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，动物和人类一样，也经常会做梦，梦的内容常常跟学习重要的技能和弄清最近学习的东西相关；体型越小的动物，做梦的频率越高。
5．What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.
C．The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.
D．The legs of the dreaming cats can’t move.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills：following, pouncing, and fighting.”可知，这些做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科动物技能：跟随、猛扑和打斗。据此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中发现，睡梦中的猫经常训练重要的技能，故B项正确。
6．What can you know about dreaming from the passage?
A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C．Rats often dream to work out their recent learning.
D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.”可知，许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人还是动物，做梦的一个目的都是练习重要的技能，并弄清最近学习的东西；据此可推知，老鼠经常通过做梦来弄清楚最近学习的东西，故C项正确。
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7．Which animal may dream most frequently?
A．Rats. B．Dogs.
C．Cows. D．Elephants.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段可知，动物做梦的频率跟它们的体型大小有关，猫每15分钟做一次梦，老鼠每9分钟做一次梦，大象每2小时做一次梦。据此可知，老鼠做梦的频率最高，故A项正确。
8．How does the author develop his passage?
A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures.
C．By telling stories. D．By showing facts.
D 解析：写作手法题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about.”并结合全文其他内容可知，文中列举了大量事实来说明动物做梦的现象，从而组织文章，故D项正确。
【难句分析】 If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中If you watch closely为if引导的条件状语从句；that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语，其中as she falls asleep为as引导的时间状语从句。
译文：如果你仔细观察，你会发现，当她睡着时，她的呼吸变得缓慢而有规律，而她的身体却静止不动。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·昆明高考模拟)When Markita was little, her mother said to her, “I’ll work hard to make enough money to send you to a famous college. When you __1__， you’ll earn enough money to take me to travel around the world.”
At the age of thirteen, Markita __2__ in her Girl Scout magazine that whoever sold the most cookies would win an allexpensespaid __3__ for two around the world. Then she decided to __4__ in the activity. But a __5__ desire is not enough. To make her dream come true, Markita asked some __6__ from her aunt.
“Always wear your Girl Scout __7__，” her aunt advised. “When you are doing __8__， dress like you are doing __9__. Smile to people. Whether they buy or not always be __10__．”
Lots of other female classmates also __11__ to win that trip but only Markita made it. She worked in her uniform each day, going doortodoor after school. The
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painfully shy Markita __12__ herself into a cookieselling expert. She __13__ sold 3，526 boxes of Girl Scout cookies that year and __14__ her free trip around the world with her mother.
Markita is no __15__ than thousands of other people. The only __16__ is that she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask! Many people fail before they try __17__ they do not have courage to face the fear of __18__， which leads many of us to __19__ our dreams.
As Markita has __20__， courage is not the absence of fear. It is doing what it takes despite one’s fear.
【解题导语】 13岁的时候，Markita得知帮助《女童子军》杂志卖饼干最多的人会获得免费全球双人游的机会，她想赢得这个机会，后来在自己的努力下，她实现了愿望。
1．A.withdraw B．graduate
C．progress D．study
B 解析：根据上文中的“make enough money to send you to a famous college”可推知，此处表示：当你毕业了，你能赚足够的钱，带我去环游世界。故选B。
2．A.heard B．checked
C．wrote D．read
D 解析：根据该句中的“magazine”可知，Markita是在杂志上读到这则消息的。故选D。
3．A.trip B．rent
C．scholarship D．insurance
A 解析：根据下文的“her free trip”可知，只要卖得饼干最多，就可以获得两人免费旅游的机会。故选A。
4．A.bring B．call
C．take D．participate
D 解析：根据下文的内容可知，她决定参加这个活动。故选D。
5．A.fading B．surprising
C．boring D．burning
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知，只有一个强烈的(burning)愿望是不够的。故选D。
6．A.donations B．schedules
C．suggestions D．efforts
C 解析：根据下文中的“her aunt advised”可知，她向她的姑母寻求一些建议。故选C。
7．A.uniform B．sweater
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C．overcoat D．blouse
A 解析：根据第四段第二句中的“She worked in her uniform each day”可知，她的姑母建议她穿上女童子军的制服。故选A。
8．A.science B．business
C．homework D．research
B 解析：根据下文的“Smile to people.”可知，这里讲述的是推销商品时的礼节。由此可知，她的姑母建议她在做生意(business)的时候，穿着要像认真(seriously)做生意的样子。
9．A.naturally B．comfortably
C．seriously D．casually
C 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“自然地”；B项意为“舒适地”；C项意为“认真地”；D项意为“随意地”。
10．A.friendly B．careful
C．cautious D．strict
A 解析：根据前一句“Smile to people.”并结合语境可知，无论他们买不买你的东西，要总是对他们友好。故选A。
11．A.remembered B．pretended
C．tried D．managed
C 解析：根据下文中的“but only Markita made it”可知，Markita的许多女同学也在努力赢得这次旅行，但只有她成功了。故选C。
12．A.admitted B．transformed
C．involved D．cheated
B 解析：根据上文中的“going doortodoor after school”可推知，Markita每天放学后挨家挨户地推销饼干，她已经将非常害羞的自己转变为一个饼干推销专家。故选B。
13．A.firmly B．simply
C．immediately D．successfully
D 解析：根据上文的“only Markita made it”以及“a cookieselling expert”可知，那年她成功地(successfully)卖掉了3 526盒女童子军饼干，赢得(gained)了和母亲一起免费环游世界的机会。故选D。
14．A.gained B．discussed
C．advertised D．promised
A 解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.richer B．smarter
C．weaker D．quieter
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B 解析：根据下文中的“she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask”可知，Markita并不比其他人更聪明(smarter)，她与其他人唯一的差别(difference)就是她找到了成功的秘密，即要有问的勇气。
16．A.hardship B．difference
C．condition D．obstacle
B 解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.until B．while
C．although D．because
D 解析：根据该空后的“they do not have courage to face the fear of ______”可知，很多人在尝试之前就失败了，因为他们没有勇气去面对被拒绝的恐惧，这也导致我们中的很多人放弃了自己的梦想。故选D。
18．A.unemployment B．environment
C．rejection D．distance
C 解析：此处指他们没有勇气去面对被拒绝的恐惧。C项意为“拒绝”，符合语境。
19．A.give up B．run after
C．put away D．go through
A 解析：此处指我们中的很多人放弃了自己的梦想。故选A。
20．A.suspected B．imagined
C．discovered D．forecast
C 解析：根据上文的“she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask”可知，Markita发现了成功的秘密；由此可知，此处表示：如同Markita所发现的那样，勇气并不是无所畏惧。故选C。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·合肥高三质检)Last summer vacation, I worked as a volunteer in the Wolong China Giant Panda Garden in Sichuan, where I stay for two weeks. That I needed to do was to clean the pandas’ houses, feed the pandas or make food for them. One male panda I took care was named Jingjing. She was one of the most interested pandas in the Garden. Normally, the panda is a shy creature, not used to be in contact with other animals, particularly humans, but Jingjing seemed very differently. He often reached out one of his foot to greet me and smiled at me. Sometimes he tried to make me to laugh.
答案：
Last summer vacation, I worked as a volunteer in the Wolong China Giant Panda
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Garden in Sichuan, where I for two weeks. I needed to do was to clean the pandas’ houses, feed the pandas make food for them. One male panda I took care was named Jingjing. was one of the most pandas in the Garden. Normally, the panda is a shy creature, not used to in contact with other animals, particularly humans, but Jingjing seemed very . He often reached out one of his to greet me and smiled at me. Sometimes he tried to make me laugh.
①stay改为stayed。考查动词的时态。根据上文的时间状语“Last summer vacation”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故用stayed。
②That改为What。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作do的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用What。
③or改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，给大熊猫喂食和给它们准备食物都是工作的一部分，并非选择关系，故用连词and。
④在care后加of。考查介词。此处考查固定词组搭配take care of“照顾，照料”。
⑤She改为He。考查代词。根据上文中的“One male panda”可知，名为Jingjing的大熊猫是一个雄性大熊猫，故用人称代词He。
⑥interested改为interesting。考查形容词。此处应用interesting“有趣的”作定语修饰名词pandas。
⑦be改为being。考查固定用法。be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”，符合语境，为固定用法，故用being。
⑧differently改为different。考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词，与系动词seemed一起构成系表结构，故用different。
⑨foot改为feet。考查名词的单复数。foot是可数名词，且与“one of”呼应，故此处应用复数形式。
⑩删除to。考查固定用法。根据固定用法make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，故删除to。
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