【英语】山东省潍坊一中2020届高三高考一模试题（解析版） 22页

山东省潍坊一中2020届高三高考一模英语试题 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A Stagecoach Buses — Popular tickets Dayrider Travel as much as you like in one day.‎ With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. with contactless payments now available on all our buses, you don’t need to worry about finding the correct change Bus and Boat Unlimited bus travel for one car in the selected zone, plus a boat ride Explore the countryside on bus and then enjoy the fine mountain views from the comfort of a boat deck. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach have combined bus boat tickets which are available for Coniston, Detwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere Sightseeing Tickets Never get lost and don’t miss a thing.‎ Hop-on and hop-off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. You’ll also learn lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides Student Tickets Flexible student bus tickets Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less with Stagecoach’s student bus tickets. You’ll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.‎ ‎1. What is true about the “Dayrider” ticket?‎ A. You need the correct change to buy it B. You can use it to travel anywhere in the city.‎ C. It can be purchased with your mobile phone.‎ D. It can be used with any bus company.‎ ‎2. If you want to go sightseeing around of the lake areas, which ticket is the most suitable?‎ A. Dayrider. B. Bus and Boat.‎ C. Sightseeing. D. Student tickets.‎ ‎3. What is needed if you want to buy a student ticket?‎ A. A photo of yourself. B. Your name.‎ C. The bus app. D. Valid student ID.‎ B It was the small hours of the morning when we reached London Airport. I had cabled London from Amsterdam, and there was a hired car to meet, but there was one more unfortunate happening before I reached my flat. In all my travels I have never, but for that once, been required by the British customs to open a single bag or to do more than state that I carried no goods liable to duty. It was, of course, my fault; the extreme tiredness and nervous tension of the journey had destroyed my diplomacy (外交). I was, for whichever reason, so tired that I could hardly stand, and to the question, “have you read this?” I replied with extreme foolishness, “yes, hundreds of times.”‎ ‎“And you have nothing to declare?” “Nothing.”‎ ‎“How long have you been out of this country?” “About three months.”‎ ‎“And during that time you have acquired nothing?” “Nothing but what is on the list I have given you.”‎ He seemed momentarily at a loss, but then he attacked. The attack, when it came, was utterly unexpected. “Where did you get that watch?’‎ I could have kicked myself. Two days before, when playing water games with a friend in the bath, I had forgotten to take off my ROLEX, and it had, not unnaturally, stopped. I had gone into the market and bought, for twelve shillings and six pence, an ugly time piece that made a strange noise. It had stopped twice, without any reason, during the journey.‎ I explained, but I had already lost face. I produced my own watch from a pocket, and added that I should be grateful if he would confiscate (没收) the replacement.‎ ‎“It is not a question of confiscation,” he said, “there is a fine for failing to declare dutiable goods. And now may I please examine that Rolex?”‎ It took another quarter of an hour to persuade him that the Rolex was not contraband (走私货). Just when I let out a sigh of relief, he began to search my luggage!‎ ‎4. When did the writer arrive at London Airport?‎ A. In the early morning. B. Late at night.‎ C. At noon. D. Late in the morning.‎ ‎5. What can we conclude from the questions asked by the customs officer?‎ A. He was just doing his duty by asking the passenger some usual questions.‎ B. He must have noticed the writer’s ugly watch.‎ C. He wanted to embarrass the writer.‎ D. He must have noticed the writer’s tiredness.‎ ‎6. What did the writer think of the watch he bought in the market?‎ A. He was fond of the watch because it was a Rolex.‎ B. He found the watch useful though it was very cheap.‎ C. He didn’t like the watch at all.‎ D. He was interested in the watch.‎ ‎7. After reading the story we can infer that the writer ______.‎ A. knew little about the customs regulations B. spent a long time at the customs but was not fined C. was punished because of carrying many contraband goods D. must have failed in catching the hired car C This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.‎ Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said ‎ warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.‎ Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.‎ Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).‎ ‎8. What do the numbers in paragraph 1 show?‎ A. The causes of Australian fires.‎ B. The results of Australian fires.‎ C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.‎ D. The property destruction of Australian fires.‎ ‎9 Which of the following best explains “more susceptible to” underlined in the second paragraph?‎ A. Quick to adapt to. B. Sure to cause.‎ C. Sensitive to. D. Easy to be protected from.‎ ‎10. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?‎ A. Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires.‎ B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.‎ C. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.‎ D. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.‎ ‎11. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?‎ A. To stress the effects of Australia fires.‎ B. To show the methods for controlling burns.‎ C. To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.‎ D. To provide some advice about reducing damage.‎ D For grown-ups, an afternoon snooze (打盹) is often easier said than done. But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock (吊床). By examining brain waves in sleeping adults, researchers reported in the June 21 issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, that they now have evidence to explain why that is.‎ ‎“It is a common belief that rocking causes sleep: we fall asleep in a rocking chair soon and, since ancient times, we cradle our babies to sleep,” said Sophie Schwartz of the University of Geneva. “Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level.”‎ Schwartz, Michel Mühlethaler, and their colleagues Laurence Bayer and Irina Constantinescu asked twelve adult volunteers to nap on a custommade bed or “experimental hammock” that could either remain still or rock gently. All participants were good sleepers who didn’t typically nap and did not suffer from excessive sleepiness during the day. Each participant took two 45•minute afternoon naps, one with the bed still and one with the bed in motion, while their brain activity was monitored.‎ ‎“We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition,” Mühlethaler said. “Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleeprelated brain waves.”‎ More specifically, rocking increased the length of stage N2 sleep, a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep that normally occupies about half of a good night’s sleep. The rocking bed also ‎ had a lasting effect on brain activity, increasing slow brain waves and bursts of activity known as sleep spindles (纺锤体).‎ Schwartz and Mühlethaler say the next step is to find out whether rocking can improve longer periods of sleep and to find out whether it may be useful for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as insomnia (失眠).‎ ‎12. What does the June 21 issue of Current Biology tell us according to Paragraph 1?‎ A. It is more difficult for grown-ups to fall asleep.‎ B. People today like to sleep in a rocking hammock.‎ C. Many people nowadays suffer from excessive sleepiness.‎ D. There comes the evidence for why rocking benefits people’s sleep.‎ ‎13. What can we learn from Sophie Schwartz’s words?‎ A. Her team aimed to answer two questions.‎ B. The study is going to benefit babies a lot.‎ C. The study had been kept secret before being finished.‎ D. People used to believe rocking was bad for sleep.‎ ‎14. What finding was beyond the researchers’ expectation?‎ A. The rocking seemed to improve participants’ sleep quality.‎ B. All the participants fell asleep faster in the swinging condition.‎ C. Some participants couldn’t fall asleep in the swinging condition.‎ D. Participants had a tendency to sleep excessively in the swinging bed.‎ ‎15. What is the best title?‎ A. Take a Snooze Easier Said than Done B. Want a Faster Sleep? Change Your Sleeping Habits C. Need a Nap? Find Yourself a Hammock D. Suffer from Sleep Disorder? New Treatment Found 第二节（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A memorable science project If someone tells you to remember a phone number or address, it feels like an easy task at ‎ first. You repeat the numbers to yourself, either aloud or in your mind. But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory. ___16___ Thus, it will try to throw away information that seems old or irrelevant. There are ways of helping our minds retain (记住) information, however, and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories Short-term, or working memory, is a way of describing most people’s abilities to store a small amount of information for a brief period of time in a readily accessible form ___17___ People don’t have to stop and think to remember something in short term memory.‎ ‎___18___ Such techniques include visualizing (观察) the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that one reminds you of the other. In the case of visualizing information, this could be as simple as remembering you parked your car on the fifth floor in the D section by picturing five dogs sitting in your car! ___19___ If you need to purchase cereal (谷物), milk, fruit, cheese and eggs, you could imagine the cereal in a bowl, with milk pouring over it and pieces of fruit on top. Then imagine cracking an egg over everything, and it’s full of melted cheese! These may seem simple or even silly. ___20___ In this activity you’ll test the recall of a few friends or family members, and learn a few tricks for improving memory!‎ A. There are many techniques for improving memory.‎ B. Our brain is always seeking new and useful information.‎ C. Short-term memory has a short duration but is quickly and easily accessed.‎ D. In addition, linking information could help you remember your grocery list.‎ E. Retaining that information over longer periods of time becomes difficult yet.‎ F. Your short-term memory has a limited amount of space to store information.‎ G. However, they are proved to be good ways for improving memory by scientist.‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ As is known to all, most stories of kindness do not begin with formerly drug-addicted celebrity (名人) bad boys. Mine does.‎ When this ___21___took place, I was accompanying my grandmother at a huge garden party. ‎ Suddenly, Robert Downey Jr., in a nice cream-colored suit, came in. I pointed out this big movie star to Grandma ___22___, but she was far more interested in piling her paper plate with cheese.‎ As my 80-year-old grandmother rose for the ___23___after the party, she fell into a wheelchair ramp (坡道) nearby. The sharp ramp ___24___her leg open and it was bleeding.‎ I should have quickly taken control of the situation— but due to my blood faint, I didn’t. Luckily, Robert Downey Jr. ___25___.‎ He called an ambulance immediately, and asked someone to ___26___a blanket. He took off his suit and ___27___his suit around her leg. The cream color turned dark red. Robert surely knew how to speak to her, ___28___, distract her. He stayed with my grandmother until the ambulance came, ___29___her hand and telling her she was breaking his heart by leaving so early. I hurried into the ambulance without a word, feeling too shy to thank him.‎ Some 15 years after that garden party, and five years since he’d been set free from prison for possession of drugs in his car, I came across Robert in a fancy restaurant. I was ___30___to respect people’s privacy and never ___31___someone having a meal. But on this day, I decided to ___32___the code.‎ ‎“I don’t have any ___33___if you remember this...” and I told him the story. “I just wanted to tell you that it was simply the kindest act I’ve ever ___34___.”‎ It’s never too late to express our appreciation for kindness which lies in everyone, even a celebrity bad boy. ___35___, appreciation itself is a sort of kindness.‎ ‎21. A. party B. kindness C. accident D. story ‎22. A. excitedly B. surprisingly C. fortunately D. successfully ‎23. A. garden B. wheelchair C. star D. exit ‎24. A. tore B. broke C. cut D. pushed ‎25. A. got across B. turned up C. got ready D. calmed down ‎26. A. buy B. rent C. lend D. fetch ‎27. A. tied B. covered C. placed D. pulled ‎28. A. instead B. for example C. otherwise D. or rather ‎29. A. shaking B. waving C. holding D. pressing ‎30. A. persuaded B. born C. raised D. forced ‎31. A. bother B. talk to C. stare at D. upset ‎32. A. abandon B. set C. follow D. improve ‎33. A. idea B. trouble C. doubt D. interest ‎34. A. called for B. witnessed C. heard of D. performed ‎35. A. However B. After all C. Therefore D. On the contrary 第二节（共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the___36___(increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also___37___(help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.‎ One of the world’s ___38___(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ___39___ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes___40___ decide their qualities would disappear with them.‎ Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human___41___(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible___42___loss of farmers’ traditional crop varieties. The "Green Revolution" of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from___43___(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals___44___(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality,___45___ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎46.假定你是李华，乘坐FL753航班抵达伦教后发现钱包遗失。请给航空公司写一封邮件说明情况并寻求帮助。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 行程信息；‎ ‎2. 钱包特征；‎ ‎3. 联系方式。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ Ten-year-old Sami loved to visit his grandfather’s house. The house was near the beautiful blue sea. At the seaside stood thick and tall palm trees with green coconuts hanging from them. When the coconuts fell down, Sami would break them open and drink the coconut water. Sami liked to play under the trees. It was always great fun to spend the holidays at Grandpa’s place.‎ This winter vacation, Sami was surprised when he came to his grandfather’s village. There were hardly any trees left. He saw houses built near the sea. People had cut down many palm trees and there was hardly any greenery left.‎ Grandpa’s house was different. He never allowed his trees to be cut. He hugged each palm tree in his courtyard. He also named the two big trees near the front door--one was Petu, and the other Betu. He had planted them with his own hands and today they had become large, massive trees with thick trunks. They were tall and green and gave the sweetest, juiciest coconuts.‎ One night, Sami was awakened by a strange sound. He could not sleep. He tossed（辗转）and turned in bed.‎ Suddenly, the ground shook as if the earth was splitting. He sat up straight and then ran to Grandpa. He clung（附着）to his grandpa tightly. Grandpa cried out, “It’s an earthquake! It’s an earthquake!" They ran outside the house. They thought that would be safe.‎ Suddenly, there was a loud sound; the earth was not splitting but the sea was roaring. People were shouting, screaming and crying, “The sea is rising! The sea is rising." The villagers started running away from the beach.‎ Sami watched dumbstruck（呆若木鸡）.‎ The waves were rising higher and higher. Sami thought, “How big the waves are!" He went into the house again and saw water coming in from all sides. He was scared.‎ Sami remembered his mother telling him long ago, “You must always get out of the house if the floods come too near." He ran outside the house with Grandpa. But the water came surging（汹涌）in.‎ Waves about twelve meters high came rushing in, drowning everything. Water was all around and everywhere.‎ Paragraph 1：‎ Grandpa held Sami’s hand tightly but a huge wave separated them.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2：‎ ‎“Sami, Sami!” Grandpa cried. “Don’t be scared, little one, come to me, quickly.”‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】 ‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅行出售的几种不同的票。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus.( 使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。)可知，可以用手机购买the “Dayrider” ticket。故选C项。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Bus and Boat中You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. (您可以登上我们众多船只中的一艘，或是位于四个地区中最杰出的湖泊的轮船。)可知，如果想环湖观光，公共汽车和船票最合适。故选B项。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Flexible student bus tickets中You’ll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.(你需要一张有照片的学生证才能买一张公共马车学生票。你的身份证上的名字需要和你的车票上的名字相匹配。)可知，如果你想买学生票，需要有效的学生证。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. 可知，使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。因此可以用手机购买the “Dayrider” ticket。故选C项。‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在过海关时被要求检查的事情经过。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段It was the small hours of the morning when we reached London Airport. (当我们到达伦敦机场时已经是凌晨了。)可知作者到达伦敦机场的时间是凌晨。故选A项。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段“And during that time you have acquired nothing?” “Nothing but what is on the list I have given you.” “那段时间你什么都没获得吗？”“除了我给你单子上的以外什么都没有”和第五段Where did you get that watch?你从哪儿弄到那块表的?可推断出，当时海关一定注意到了作者简陋的手表。故选B项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第六段 I had gone into the market and bought, for twelve shillings and six pence, an ugly time piece that made a strange noise. It had stopped twice, without any reason, during the journey.(我去了市场，花了十二先令六便士买了一块很难看的计时表，它发出一种奇怪的声音。在旅途中，它无缘无故地停了两次。)因此，作者并不是十分喜欢这块手表。故选C项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由文章结尾It took another quarter of an hour to persuade him that the Rolex was not contraband (走私货). Just when I let out a sigh of relief, he began to search my luggage! (又过了一刻钟，他才相信劳力士不是违禁品。就在我松了一口气的时候，他开始搜我的行李！)可推测，作者在海关处花费了很长时间，但是最终应该并没有被罚款。故选B项。‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed.这个季节，澳大利亚的丛林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B项。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。由第二段Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at ‎ Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season.(加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克·豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度。)可推测气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to 意为“更容易受到”，与C项Sensitive to “对......敏感”意思相近。故选C项。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第三段的He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾蔓延和蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。)可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选A项。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.(控制烧伤等做法和其他因素可影响对人员和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。)可知，作者在最后一段介绍控制火灾造成的伤害的方法。故选D想。‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项研究，通过研究成年人睡觉时的大脑波纹，发现成年人在轻轻摇晃的状态下更容易入睡。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段By examining brain waves in sleeping adults, researchers reported in the June 21 issue of Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, that they now have evidence to explain why that is.(通过对睡眠中的成年人脑电波的研究，他们现在有了解释这一现象的证据。)可知，《当代生物学》为摇晃改善睡眠提供了证据。故选D项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第二段 Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level. (‎ 然而，它是如何工作的仍然是一个谜。我们研究的目的包括两部分：测试摇晃是否真的能改善睡眠，以及了解这在大脑层面是如何起作用的。)可知，他的团队以回答这两个问题为目标。故选A项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段“We observed a faster transition to sleep in each and every subject in the swinging condition, ” Mühlethaler said. “Surprisingly, we also observed a dramatic boosting of certain types of sleeprelated brain waves. ” (Mühlethaler说:“我们观察到，在摇摆状态下，每个人都能更快地进入睡眠状态。令人惊讶的是，我们还观察到与睡眠相关的某些脑电波明显增强。”)可知，让研究者感到惊讶的是摇晃似乎确实提高了参与者的睡眠质量。故选A项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。由文章开头For grown-ups, an afternoon snooze (打盹) is often easier said than done. But many of us have probably experienced just how simple it can be to catch some sleep in a gently rocking hammock (吊床).(对成年人来说，一个下午打盹往往是说起来容易做起来难。但是我们中的许多人很可能经历过在轻轻摇晃的吊床上睡一会儿是多么简单。)及结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是一项研究发现成年人在轻轻摇晃的状态下更容易入睡。C“需要小睡一下吗？给自己找个吊床。”符合文章主旨。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。以本文第2小题为例，本题运用定位法：由第二段 Yet, how this works had remained a mystery. The goal of our study was made up of two parts: to test whether rocking does indeed improve sleep, and to understand how this might work at the brain level.然而，它是如何工作的仍然是一个谜。我们研究的目的包括两部分:测试摇晃是否真的能改善睡眠，以及了解这在大脑层面是如何起作用的。可知，他的团队以回答这两个问题为目标。故选A项。‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文介绍一个值得记忆的科学项目。‎ ‎【16题详解】B 根据下文：因此，它将试图丢弃那些看起来过时或无关紧要的信息。可知，我们的大脑总是在寻找新的、有用的信息。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】C 根据下文：人们不需要停下来，想在短期记忆中记住一些东西。可知，短期记忆的持续时间很短，但很快就能被访问。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】A 根据下文：这些技术包括以一种令人惊讶方式可视化信息或将信息链接在一起，目的是让你想起了另一个。可知，有许多提高记忆的技术。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】D 根据下句：如果你需要购买谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和鸡蛋，你可以想象一个碗里的谷物，牛奶倒在上面，上面有水果。可知， 此外，链接信息可以帮助你记住你的购物清单。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】G 根据上句：这些看起来很简单，甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句应该是一句与上句转折内容，“然而，事实证明，它们是科学家提高记忆力的好方法。”故选G。此处However表示转折；G项中的they指上文的These方法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在做七选五时，“尤其代词不可放”是说：在填空处的前后语境中出现的一些代词不可忽视。有这样一道题：”They can be rich resources to improve your knowledge.”我接着就问学生“该选项中凭空多出一个代词they，这说明什么问题？”学生回答：“代词是起替代作用的，一定是前文出现的事物被they替代了，找到被替代的名词就可以了。”结果往文中一找，前面的语境是“Volunteering brings together all kinds of people.”。这下同学们就明白了，原来they替代的就是前文的all kinds of people短语。这样的现象在七选五中是很多见了，能帮助大家解决不少难题。本题第5小题，根据上句：这些看起来很简单，甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句应该是一句与上句转折的内容，“然而，事实证明，它们是科学家提高记忆力的好方法。”故选G。此处However表示转折；G项中的they指上文的These方法。‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者奶奶被一位名人搭救，十多年后作者对恩人表示感谢的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事发生的时候，我正陪着我的奶奶参加一个大型花园派对。A. party 派对；B. kindness善意；C. accident事故；D. story故事。文章讲述的是作者奶奶在大型花园派对上被搭救的故事。故选D项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我激动地把这个大明星指给奶奶看，但她更感兴趣的是在纸盘子里堆的奶酪。A. excitedly激动地；B. surprisingly惊讶地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. successfully成功地。根据语境，作者看到名人，便激动地指给奶奶看。故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我80岁地奶奶在聚会后走向出口，她摔进了旁边的一个轮椅坡道。A. garden花园；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. star星星；D. exit出口。结合后文after the party可知，派对结束了，奶奶在走向出口地途中摔入坡道。故选D项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尖锐的坡道把她的大腿割破了并且她的大腿在流血。 A. tore 撕；B. broke打坏；C. cut剪，割；D. pushed推。根据it was bleeding可知坡道割破了奶奶的大腿。故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：幸运的是，小罗伯特·唐尼出现了。A. got across越过；B. turned up出现；C. got ready准备；D. calmed down冷静。根据前文I should have quickly taken control of the situation— but due to my blood faint, I didn’t.作者晕血，无法控制局面，但是幸运的是小罗伯特·唐尼出现了。故选B项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立刻叫了救护车并且让一个人取来一张毯子。A. buy买；B. rent 租；C. lend借出；D. fetch取。根据语境，小罗伯特·唐尼出现了应是取来一张毯子，取毯子应用动词fetch。故选D项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他脱下她的西装把他系在她的腿上。A. tied系；B. covered覆盖；C. placed放；D. pulled拉。根据后文The cream color turned dark red.奶油色的西服变成了暗红色，可知他将西服系在了奶奶的腿上。故选A项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：罗伯特当然知道和她说什么，或者更确切地说，怎样使她分心。 A. instead相反；B. for example例如；C. otherwise否则；D. or rather更确切地说。根据语境，罗伯特同奶奶说话，更确切地说为了让她分心减少痛苦。故选D项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：他和我的祖母呆在一起，直到救护车来了，他握着祖母的手，告诉她这么早就离开让他很伤心。A. shaking摇晃；B. waving挥；C. holding握；D. pressing压。根据搭配，hold her hand，意为 “握住她的手”。故选C项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从小就被教育要尊重别人的隐私，从不打扰别人吃饭。A. persuaded 劝说；B. born 出生；C. raised养；D. forced 强迫。结合下文 respect people’s privacy，作者从小被教育要尊重别人的隐私”。故选C项。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从小就被教育要尊重别人的隐私，从不打扰别人吃饭。A. bother打扰；B. talk to对......说；C. stare at盯着；D. upset扰乱。结合前文I came across Robert in a fancy restaurant.可知，小罗伯特在吃饭，作者从来不打扰别人。故用bother，故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在这一天，我决定抛弃约束。A. abandon抛弃；B. set设置；C. follow跟随；D. improve提高。结合前文作者十五年后与他相见，为了表达感谢，作者此时抛弃自己教养的约束去和小罗伯特打招呼。故选A项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道你是否记得这件事......然后我就告诉他这个故事。 A. idea想法；B. trouble麻烦；C. doubt怀疑；D. interest兴趣。根据搭配have no idea，意为“不知道”。故选A项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想告诉你，这是我见过的最善良的行为。A. called for要求；B. witnessed见证，见到；C. heard of听说；D. performed表演。根据语境，这是作者见到最善良的行为，应该用witness。故选B项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，欣赏本身就是一种善良。A. However然而；B. After all毕竟；C. Therefore因此；D. On the contrary相反。根据appreciation itself is a sort of kindness 欣赏本身就是一种善良，可知词句顺承上句“even a celebrity bad boy”，应用after all。故选B 项。‎ ‎【答案】36. increasing 37. helps 38. largest 39. permanently 40. that/which 41. activities 42. for 43. starvation 44. to control 45. but/while/yet ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。但是有很多植物正在消失，原因是气候变化和（这些植物）栖息地的丧失。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。句意：农作物的多样性对养活地球上不断增长的人口很重要。根据句意，这里要表达的是“增长的”。increase的现在分词形式increasing可以用做形容词修饰名词 ，意为“增加的”符合句意，故填increasing。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查时态。分析句子成分可知help在宾语从句中做谓语，主语是having a large variety of plants ，是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。全文时态为一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时，故填helps。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查形容词的最高级。句意：世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预测将会有更多的损失。根据句意，这里要用所给形容词的最高级，故填largest。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查副词。所给词用来修饰动词disappear, permanent为形容词不能用于修饰动词，所以要用其副词形式permanently，故填permanently。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知为______ decide their qualities that/which 定语从句，先行词为genes，为物。空格处引导定语从句且在从句中做主语，先行词为物，要用that/which来引导这个定语从句，故填that/which。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词单复数。activity为可数名词，本句中没有冠词，说明要用其复数形式，故填activities 。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。be responsible for 为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”，所以这里要填介词 for。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：一些专家说现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。空格处为介词from的宾语，starve为动词，不能做宾语，所以用其名词形式starvation。故填starvation。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：他们用化学药品来防治疾病和昆虫。根据句意，(control) diseases and insects. 是treated their fields with chemicals的目的，所以用不定式表目的，填to control。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：收成越来越多，质量也越来越好，另一个结果是一些传统作物消失了。根据句意，Harvests grew larger and higher quality与was that some traditional crops were lost.之间是转折关系，一个是好处，一个是坏处，所以要用表示转折关系的连词连接前后两个句子，故填but/while/yet。‎ ‎【点睛】语法填空题型经常考查动词的使用。在所给词为动词时，考生先判断动词在句中做非谓语还是谓语，如果分析句子成分后发现所给动词在从句中做谓语，要考虑动词的时态，语态和单复数。比如第2小题分析句子成分可知help在宾语从句中做谓语。help的主语是having a large variety of plants ，是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。全文时态为一般现在时，所以这里也要用一般现在时，综合填 helps。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎【答案】Dear Sir/ Madam,‎ I am writing to report the loss of my wallet. On 1st November, 2018 I flew business class on your flight 753 from China to London.‎ I clearly remember it was with me immediately I boarded the plane. However, on arrival in London Heathrow Airport, I found it gone. I guess it must have slipped out of my pocket during the flight. It is a black leather one with around 200 dollars, my ID card, and 2 credit cards in it. Along with the items mentioned above, the wallet contains a family photo, my precious memory. As you can imagine, these matter a lot to me.‎ Has anybody happened to find it? Please email me at xxx@googlemail.com Thank you for your time and support.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇考查的写作类型是求助信 ‎【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，本文是一封求助信。李华乘坐FL753航班抵达伦教后发现钱包遗失，要求给航空公司写一封邮件说明情况并寻求帮助。内容包括：1.行程信息；2. 钱包特征；3. 联系方式。‎ 第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：I am writing to report the loss of my wallet. boarded the plane, on arrival…, I found it gone. it must have……Has anybody happened to find it? Thank you for your time and support.‎ 第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。时态以一般现在时为主，一般过去时为辅。‎ 第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】【高分句型1】‎ What’s worse, my cash, ID card, and 2 credit cards were in it. 更糟的是，里面有我的现金，身份证和两张信用卡。What’s worse意为“更糟糕的是”，连接并列两个坏的东西，且后面一个更严重。‎ ‎【高分句型2】‎ I’d appreciate it if you could help me to get it back. 如果你能帮我把它拿回来，我会很感激的。I’d appreciate it if…如果……我会很感激的。‎ 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎【答案】Grandpa held Sami’s hand tightly but a huge wave separated them. Grandpa fought the waves and strived to catch Sami, but failed. Sami was drifted away! He struggled to keep his head above the water. The water pushed him ahead. Fortunately, he caught a palm tree in his courtyard. He panicked and screamed out to Sami but could not see him. He clung to tree tightly while the sea was all around. In hope of seeing Sami, Grandpa climbed higher up the tree. The water carried Sami round and round. (79 words)‎ ‎“Sami, Sami!” Grandpa cried. “Don’t be scared, little one, come to me, quickly.” “But ‎ Grandpa, I can’t swim!” Another wave came with terrifying speed and force. Sami cried in despair. Suddenly, Sami felt himself thrown onto the top of a tree. He immediately held it! Looking around, he saw everything was terribly destroyed; but in the near distance, his Grandpa was on another tree! Soon it was calm; both Grandpa and Sami came down the trees and rushed to hug each other, then they hugged the trees with tears of gratitude. (78 words)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是读后续写。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章记叙了萨米今年寒假来到祖父的村庄，人们砍倒了许多棕榈树，几乎没有剩下任何绿色植物。突然来了海啸，萨米和爷爷还在屋子里，萨米突然想起了母亲的话。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：“爷爷紧紧地握住萨米的手，但是一个巨大的波浪把他们分开了。”所以应该写：爷爷试图抓住萨米，但失败了。萨米被水带走了。幸运的是，爷爷在院子里发现了一棵棕榈树，他紧紧地抓住树。爷爷希望能见到萨米，于是爬到树的高处。‎ 第二段开头是：“萨米，萨米！”爷爷哭了。“别害怕，小家伙，快来找我。”所以应该写：萨米不会游泳但是突然抓住了一颗棕榈树。他看到所有的东西都被毁得很惨；但在不远处，他爷爷在另一棵树上。很快海啸退去，爷爷和萨米都从树上下来，互相拥抱，感激地拥抱着树。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇。如：strive to；drift away；struggle to；look around等高级词汇。‎