北京市交大附中2020届高三下学期开学考英语试题 26页

交大附中2020届髙三第二学期开学考英语学科试卷 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Old Tom sent his four sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons, ___1___ he wanted them to learn not to judge things too quickly. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he asked for the ___2___ (describe) about what they had seen. The sons had different opinions. Tom then told them ___3___ they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.‎ ‎【答案】1. because/as ‎ ‎2. descriptions ‎ ‎3. that ‎【解析】‎ 本文为记叙文，老汤姆派他的四个儿子去看不同季节的苹果树，儿子们有不同的观点。然后汤姆告诉他们，他们不应该只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查从属连词。句意：老汤姆派他的四个儿子去看不同季节的苹果树，因为他想让他们学会不要急于下结论。根据句意逻辑可知，前后两句之间为因果关系，此处表原因，故填because/as。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：当他们都回来后，他要求他们描述一下看到了什么。根据其前的冠词the可知此处用名词，根据上下文可知用复数形式，故填descriptions。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：然后汤姆告诉他们，他们不应该只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。分析句子结构可知，tell一词后接双宾语，直接宾语为从句，从句中句子结构完整不缺少成分，故用只表连接的连词that，故填that。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in ___4___ (center) America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was ___5___ they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa ___6___ (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.‎ ‎【答案】4. central ‎ ‎5. why 6. was planted ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。讲述了可可豆的种植历史等。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：在3500多年前的中美洲，巧克力首次被用作饮料。根据其后的名词可知，此处用形容词作定语，故填central。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查表语从句。句意：事实上，可可豆对那里的人们非常重要。这就是它们被用作货币的原因。根据上下两句的语义逻辑可知，此处表原因，引导表语从句，故填why。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：最初，人们在厄瓜多尔种植可可豆，厄瓜多尔曾长期是世界上第一大可可豆生产国。分析句子成分可知，所给词与主语cocoa之间为被动关系，根据上下文可知用一般过去时第三人称单数，故填was planted。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Buildings around the world will go dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary event ___7___ (know) as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in ‎2007 in Sydney, Australia, and since then it ___8___ (grow) into a global movement ___9___ (raise) awareness of our energy consumption and the effects of climate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in this movement by switching ____10____ the lights at 8:30 PM local time. Last year close to 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries. Will you dim your lights tonight?‎ ‎【答案】7. known ‎ ‎8. has grown ‎ ‎9. to raise ‎ ‎10. off ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文，讲述了“地球一小时”活动。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：今天晚上，世界各地的建筑物将熄灯60分钟，这一自愿活动被称为“地球一小时”。分析句子成分可知，此处用作后置定语，所给词与中心词event之间为被动关系，known as…“被称作…的”，故填known。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：这项草根行动始于2007年的澳大利亚悉尼，从那时起，它已发展成为一项全球运动，旨在提高人们对我们的能源消耗以及气候变化对我们星球的影响的认识。根据时间状语since then可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填has grown。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意见上。分析句子成分可知，此处用作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故填to raise。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：每个人都可以通过在当地时间晚上8:30关灯来参加这个活动。根据句意可知，switch off the lights 意为“把灯关掉”，故填off。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ As a young man, Al was a skilled artist, a potter. He had a wife and two fine sons. One night, his oldest son developed a severe stomachache. Thinking it was only some ____11____ intestinal (肠内的) disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very seriously. But it was actually acute appendicitis (急性阑尾炎), and the boy ____12____ suddenly that night.‎ Knowing the death could have been ____13____ if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Al’s emotional health deteriorated under the huge burden of his ____14____. To make matters worse, his wife ____15____ him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old ‎ younger son. The hurt and pain of the two ____16____ were more than Al could handle, and he ____17____ to alcohol to help him cope, thus in time Al became an alcoholic.‎ ‎____18____ the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose everything he ____19____—his home, his land and his art objects. Al ____20____ died alone in a San Francisco motel room.‎ When I heard of Al’s death, I reacted with the same disdain the world shows for one who ends his life with nothing to show for it. “What a complete ____21____ he is!” I thought. “What a totally wasted life!”‎ As time went by, I began to re-evaluate my earlier judgment. I knew Al’s now ____22____ son, Ernie. He is one of the kindest, most caring, most loving men I have ever known. I watched Ernie with his children and saw the free ____23____ of love between them. I knew that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.‎ I hadn’t heard Ernie talk much about his ____24____. One day I worked ____25____ my courage to ask him. “I’m really ____26____ by something,” I said. “I know your father was ____27____ the only one to raise you. What on earth did he do to make you become such a special person?”‎ Ernie sat quietly and ____28____ for a few moments. Then he said, “From my earliest ____29____ as a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ‘I love you, son’.”‎ Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Al as a failure. He had not left any ____30____ possessions behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and he left behind one of the finest, most giving men I have ever known. (423words)‎ ‎11. A. certain B. average C. rare D. common ‎12. A. worsened B. choked C. starved D. died ‎13. A. cured B. forbidden C. prevented D. saved ‎14. A. disease B. guilt C. pressure D. duty ‎15. A. left B. scolded C. quarreled D. forgave ‎16. A. accidents B. situations C. conflicts D. adventures ‎17. A. got B. drank C. turned D. sank ‎18. A. As B. Though C. Because D. If ‎19. A. needed B. possessed C. benefited D. shared ‎20. A. accidentally B. gradually C. eventually D. immediately ‎21. A. trouble B. failure C. disaster D. rubbish ‎22. A. teen B. adolescent C. aged D. adult ‎23. A. will B. fall C. flow D. space ‎24. A. mother B. brother C. father D. child ‎25. A. with B. up C. on D. through ‎26. A. puzzled B. worried C. interested D. attracted ‎27. A. especially B. basically C. merely D. specially ‎28. A. argued B. searched C. analyzed D. reflected ‎29. A. thoughts B. ideas C. minds D. memories ‎30. A. spiritual B. material C. memorable D. emotional ‎【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位父亲给他的儿子留下了最珍贵的遗产，那就是爱。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：艾尔和他的妻子都认为这只是一种普通的肠道疾病，所以都不把它当回事。A. certain确定的；B. average平均的；C. rare稀有的；D. common常见的。这里是指他和妻子认为只是常见的肠胃不适。故选D。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但实际上是急性阑尾炎，那天晚上男孩突然死了。 A. worsened恶化；B. choked窒息；C. starved挨饿；D. died死。根据下一段Knowing the death could have been ____3____ if he …可知，男孩死了。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾尔知道如果他意识到事情的严重性，他的死亡是可以避免的。 A. cured治愈；B. forbidden禁止；C. prevented阻止；D. saved挽救。根据句意可知，如果当时意识到病情的严重性，儿子的死就能够避免。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他精神状况在巨大的愧疚下急剧下降了。A. disease疾病；B. guilt愧疚；C. pressure压力；D. duty责任。根据上文可知，艾尔知道如果他意识到事情的严重性，他的死亡是可以避免的，因此他心生愧疚。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子不久就离开了他，只留下他和他六岁的小儿子。A. left离开；B. scolded责备；C. quarreled争吵；D. forgave原谅。根据leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son可知，他的妻子也离开了他。故选A。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个局面带来的伤痛，让阿尔无法承受。 A. accidents事故；B. situations境况，局面；C. conflicts冲突；D. adventures冒险。这两个局面带来的伤痛，让阿尔无法承受。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他求助于酒精来帮助自己，最终艾尔变成了一个酒鬼。A. got得到；B. drank喝；C. turned转变；D. sank下沉。这两种情况所造成的伤害和痛苦是艾尔无法承受的，于是他选择了借酒浇愁。不久，阿尔就成了一个酒鬼。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查连词词义。句意：随着酗酒的加剧，艾尔开始失去他所拥有的一切——他的家、他的土地和他的艺术品。A. As随着；B. Though尽管；C. Because因为；D. If如果。随着酒瘾越来越大，阿尔开始失去他拥有的一切。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着酗酒的加剧，艾尔开始失去他所拥有的一切——他的家、他的土地和他的艺术品。A. needed需要；B. possessed拥有；C. benefited有利于；D. shared分享。随着酒瘾越来越大，阿尔开始失去他拥有的一切。故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：艾尔最后独自一人死在旧金山一家汽车旅馆的房间里。故选C。A. accidentally偶然地；B. gradually渐渐地；C. eventually最终；D. immediately立刻。最终，艾尔孤独地死在了旧金山的一家汽车旅馆里。故选C。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他真是个彻头彻尾的失败者! A. trouble麻烦；B. failure失败；C.‎ ‎ disaster灾难；D. rubbish垃圾。根据上一句I reacted with the same disdain the world shows for one who ends his life with nothing to show for it，作者认为他失去了亲人一蹶不振，而且一无所有，是个失败者。 故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认识阿尔儿子，厄尼，他已经成年了。A. teen十几岁的；B. adolescent青春期的；C. aged年老的；D. adult成年的。根据I watched Ernie with his children可知作者认识的厄尼已经成年。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着厄尼和他的孩子们，看到他们之间爱的自由流动。A. will意志；B. fall落下；C. flow流动，流淌；D. space空间。看着厄尼和他的孩子，我看到了他们之间所流露出的那种关爱。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很少听到厄尼谈论他的父亲。A. mother妈妈；B. brother兄弟；C. father父亲；D. child儿童。作者不曾听到厄尼对父亲有太多的谈论。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：有一天，我鼓起勇气去问他。work up my courage鼓足勇气，为固定搭配。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我真的被什么东西难住了，”我说。A. puzzled疑惑；B. worried担忧；C. interested感兴趣；D. attracted吸引。这里是指，有些事我一直感到很疑惑。故选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你几乎是由你父亲独自带大的。他到底是如何教育你的，竟让你变得如此特别?。A. especially特别地；B. basically基本地；C. merely仅仅；D. specially专门地。结合上文可知厄尼失去了兄弟和母亲，基本上都是由父亲独自带大的，答案为B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄尼静静地坐着，沉思了一会儿。A. argued辩论；B. searched寻找；C. analyzed分析；D. reflected思考，反应。根据句意，厄尼静静地坐着，思考了一会儿。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他说，“从我孩提时的最早记忆到我18‎ 岁离开家，艾尔每天晚上都来到我的房间，给我一个吻，并对我说:‘儿子，我爱你。’”A. thoughts想法; B. ideas看法; C. minds思想; D. memories记忆。这里是指“从我记事起，从我有记忆起”。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他没有留下任何物质财产。A. spiritual精神的；B. material物质的；C. memorable难忘的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上下文可知，他没有物质财产，但他是一位慈爱的父亲。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第2小题要求判断the boy ____2____ suddenly that night.。该题可根据下一段的首句Knowing the death could have been…可知，男孩实际上是急性阑尾炎，那天晚上突然死了。故选D项。还可以根据生活常识进行解答。比如小题4, 根据常识可判断，艾尔知道如果他意识到事情的严重性，儿子的死亡是可以避免的，因此他心生愧疚。故选B。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。‎ A Jerry wanted to continue his studies through college after his graduation from high school; so every morning he never failed to read the classified ads in the newspaper. He scanned even the smallest ad, hoping to find one company needing the services of a high school graduate.‎ His patience paid off for early one morning he read an ad which said: “An executive wants boy to assist him in his office. He should at least be a high school graduate.”‎ Jerry cut the ad and quickly took a bath. He put on a clean suit brushed his short hair neatly, and after asking permission from mother, he proceeded to the office which advertised the ad. When he reached the place, he saw that it was filled with young people. His heart beat faster for he felt he had a very slim chance to be selected.‎ Very soon the office became empty and Jerry found himself being briefed by the executive. He was asked to report at eight o’clock the following morning. After Jerry left the office, the manager asked the executive, “What made you select that boy who did not have a single recommendation?” “That is where you are mistaken,” explained the executive. “Before entering this office, he wiped his feet and closed the door quietly. It shows he is careful. I noticed that he stood instantly and offered his ‎ seat to an old man who entered the office. His act shows that he is kind and considerate boy. He took off his cap when he entered the room and answered my questions promptly indicating that he is polite and gentlemanly.”‎ ‎“Do you know that I purposely laid a book on the floor to find out what these applicants will do?” the executive continued. “This boy picked it up and placed it on the table while the rest stepped on it. Does this not show that this boy is orderly? While the others pushed and jostled each other in their desire to be interviewed first, this boy waited quietly instead of pushing and crowding as the rest did. I noticed, when I talked to him, that his clothes were clean. Of course, he had no letter of recommendation, but the things that he did counted more than a dozen letters of recommendation. Furthermore, I really do not believe in written recommendations. I judge a person’s character by the way he behaves spontaneously, because I believe that the training of a person will always show in whatever he does and in whatever place he is.”‎ ‎“Now, I hope you are convinced why I selected that boy among the other applicants even if he does not have a single written recommendation.”‎ ‎31. What did Jerry feel when he arrived at the office?‎ A. He was completely disappointed.‎ B. He was quite astonished by what he saw.‎ C. He was afraid he wouldn’t be admitted.‎ D. He felt empty because he didn’t have a recommendation.‎ ‎32. How can the character of a person be shown according to the executive?‎ A. By one’s recommendation. B. By his actions.‎ C. By others’ comments on him D. By his determination.‎ ‎33. What words can best describe Jerry?‎ A. Responsible and well-mannered B. Polite and strong-willed C. Ambitious and gentlemanly D. Thoughtful and spontaneous ‎34. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Never Judge a Book by Its Cover B. Observation Is the Best Teacher C. Seeing Is Believing D. The Best Recommendation ‎【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为记叙文。讲述了Jerry在众多求职者中胜出的经历，原来是主管通过观察他的自发行为来判断他的性格，从而Jerry成为没有书面推荐信而成功入职的人。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段When he reached the place, he saw that it was filled with young people. His heart beat faster for he felt he had a very slim chance to be selected.可知，当他到达那里，他觉得自己被选中的机会非常渺茫。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据executive的描述，I judge a person’s character by the way he behaves spontaneously, because I believe that the training of a person will always show in whatever he does and in whatever place he is.可知，一个人的性格可以通过根据他的自发行为来判断，故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据executive对男孩行为的描述，当他故意把一本书放在地板上，看看这些申请人会做什么的时候，这个男孩This boy 把它捡起来放在桌子上，说明他做事负责（Responsible）；他一进屋主动让座给老人，脱帽回答问题，很有绅士风度，表现出他很有礼貌（well-mannered）的一面。综上，故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。本文讲述了讲述了在众多求职者中，Jerry没有书面推荐信而成功入职，可见最好的推荐就是本人的自发行为，故最佳题目应该是The Best Recommendation。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】小题4考查主题判断，概括主题的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。本文讲述了讲述了在众多求职者中，Jerry没有书面推荐信而成功入职，根据文中“Of course, he had no letter of recommendation, but the things that he did counted more than a dozen letters of recommendation. Furthermore, I really do not believe in written recommendations.”即可找到关键词written recommendations。比较选项，可见最好的推荐信就是本人的自发行为，故最佳题目应该是The Best Recommendation。‎ B Welcome To International Summer School An enjoyable English language learning experience——together with organized sports, activities and excursion (外出游学) program.‎ International Summer School runs 3 different summer school centers for boys and girls aged from 8-21 years in the South of England. Our schools are chosen for their location, accommodation and excellent sporting and art facilities.‎ International Summer School has grown increasingly popular and attracts high student numbers each summer. We have many students and staff who return each year. Our courses are personal and of high quality. Students can surely have an exciting and enjoyable experience while improving their English at the same time.‎ Bethany Centre is situated in the heart of Kent in the beautiful countryside, very close to the village of Goudhurst, with its old fashioned shops and cafes, and Marden with its direct train route to central London. The historic large town of Tunbridge Wells is only 15 minutes away. Gatwick and Heathrow airports are easily accessible, as are Eurostar International Stations at Ashford and Ebbsfleet.‎ Moira House is based in Eastbourne on the south coast of England in the much favored Meads area of the town, within walking distance of the seafront and town centre. Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 40 minutes.‎ Eastbourne Centre is situated directly on the seafront and only a few minutes walk away from the main town centre, with its theatres, museums, art galleries, nightclubs, cafes, restaurants and good selection of indoor and outdoor shopping. Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 20 minutes.‎ The aim of International Summer School is to create a lively and happy atmosphere that makes learning and international communication enjoyable. Young people can have fun, but also gain considerable skills in English. A full day in London is always included, as well as other places of cultural interest.‎ Students of all cultures are welcomed as our aim is to create a summer school which can truly be described as International.‎ When we return your child to you at the end of their stay, we hope they will feel enriched by their experience with us and will look forward to returning to meet friends made at International Summer School the following year, as so many do.‎ Learning English should be fun——at International Summer School it is fun!‎ ‎35. If you want to experience traditional English culture, you’d better go to ________.‎ A. Marden B. Moira House C. Goudhurst D. Eastbourne Center ‎36. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A. all the three centers have easy access to Gatwick and Heathrow airports B. the three centers are not very far from each other C. students will spend most of the time taking part in organized activities D. learning English in International Summer School should be fun ‎37. The target readers of the passage are probably ________.‎ A. teachers B. children C. parents D. schools ‎【答案】35. C 36. A 37. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为应用文。本文介绍了国际暑期学校推出的三个游学项目。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Bethany Centre is situated in the heart of Kent in the beautiful countryside, very close to the village of Goudhurst, with its old fashioned shops and cafes, and ….可知，如果你想体验传统的英国文化你最好去Goudhurst ，故选C。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Bethany Centre 部分Gatwick and Heathrow airports are easily accessible，Moira House部分Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 40 minutes.和Eastbourne Centre部分Gatwick Airport is about half an hour’s drive away and Heathrow around 20 minutes.可知，这三个中心都很容易到达Gatwick 和 Heathrow airports，故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段When we return your child to you at the end of their stay, we hope they will feel…可知，这篇文章的目标读者可能是家长。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 阅读理解所设试题主要考查细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。考生首先要浏览短文后的小题题干，标出关键词（组），带着问题去阅读，能够做到心中有数，目的明确；然后再仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握细节信息，并标出能得出答案的有效信息。如小题1，研读题干If you want to experience traditional English culture, you’d better go to ________.找到信息词“to experience traditional English culture”，然后定位到第四段第一句Bethany Centre is situated in the heart of Kent in the beautiful countryside, very close to the village of Goudhurst, with its old fashioned shops and cafes, and ….可知，如果你想体验传统的英国文化你最好去Goudhurst，故选C。‎ C Freedom and Responsibility Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.‎ Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.‎ In Greece, in Athens, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.‎ But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted ‎ was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ But, “the excellent becomes the permanent,” Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.‎ ‎38. People believing in freedom are those who ________.‎ A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity ‎39. What change in attitude took place in Athens?‎ A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.‎ B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.‎ C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.‎ D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.‎ ‎40. What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Athens would continue to be free.‎ B. Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C. Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.‎ ‎41. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?‎ A Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.‎ B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.‎ C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.‎ D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.‎ ‎【答案】38. C 39. A 40. B 41. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文为议论文。文章讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together."以及本段内容，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下从事一起活动。可知，相信自由的人是那些遵守法律和价值体系的人。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段"What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing."可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 句意理解题。根据第五段第三句"If men insisted on being free from the burden of self- dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free'可知唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。自由起源于2500‎ 年前的希腊，雅典人自由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动。后来雅典人态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享有自由。作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证。故选D。‎ D Hey, You Looking at Me?‎ The renowned Spanish magician and magic theorist Juan Tamariz wrote in his classic book that to make an audience feel seen, a performer must extend “imaginary threads from the performer’s eyes to the spectators,” taking care to not break them during the performance.‎ A new study, published earlier this month, suggests that for spectators to feel that they have eye-to-eye contact with the person onstage, the latter needs not extend imaginary threads from his or her eyes to the eyes of the audience. In fact, we perceive direct eye contact from other people not only when they look us in the eye, but also when they look at any other part of our face.‎ Shane Rogers, Oliver Guidetti, and their collaborators at Edith Cowan University in Perth, set out to determine whether people experience an ‘eye contact illusion’ during natural conversation, and if so, how strong the misperception might be. They conducted two eye-tracking studies:‎ In the first experiment, Guidetti engaged in one on one ‘getting acquainted’ conversations with 46 students, with both Guidetti and the student wearing eye-tracking glasses. In one half of the 4-minute conversations, Guidetti looked at the student’s eyes most of the time, and in the other half of the conversations, he looked at the student’s mouth most of the time. The data showed that, whereas mutual face gazing was comparable in the two participant groups, mutual eye contact was much lower. Once the conversation was over, students rated how much eye contact they believed Guidetti had made, and how much they had enjoyed the conversation. Both subject groups produced equivalently high ratings in each measure, indicating that our perception of eye contact during conversation has more to do with mutual face gazing than with actual eye contact.‎ In the second experiment, 36 pairs of students (all wearing eye-tracking goggles) participated in an ‘eye gaze guessing game,’ where participants alternated the roles of gazer and guesser for 30 experimental trials. In each trial, the gazer looked for about 2 seconds at one of five locations on the guesser’s face: eyes, mouth, nose, forehead, or either ear. Then, the guesser tried to guess the location the gazer had just looked at. The guessers’ accuracy was above chance level, suggesting that people do possess some ability to figure out the location of another person’s gaze when actively watching out for it. However, participants were slanted to guessing ‘eyes’ when unsure.‎ Based on the combined findings from both experiments, the researchers concluded that, unless ‎ people are specifically attending to gaze location, they are not very sensitive to the exact focus of their partner’s gaze upon their face during the course of natural conversation.‎ The bad news is, your perception of soul-to-soul eye contact with your romantic partner may be all in your head (your soulmate could be looking at your mouth, or even your ear, as they declare their everlasting love). But the good news is, if the act of looking at other people’s eyes makes you anxious, or if you dread speaking in front of an audience, you don’t need to sweat the small stuff. Just look in the general direction of people’s faces and it’ll feel to them like meaningful eye contact. (Feb 22th, 2019, Scientific American)‎ ‎42. What does the underlined word slanted probably mean?‎ A. certain B. likely C. doubtful D. frustrated ‎43. In the first experiment, the participants ________.‎ A. are trying to get to know each other B. look at the eyes in half of the conversation C. misjudge the actual amount of eye contact D. make more face gazing to reduce embarrassment ‎44. We can learn from the experiments that ________.‎ A. The gazer takes at least ten seconds to finish each trail B. Eye contact makes participants enjoy conversations more C. They are conducted to prove the significance of imaginary threads D. People can be accurate about the exact focus of others5 gaze if focused ‎45 Guidetti probably agrees that ________.‎ A. Soulful declaration of love doesn’t exist B. Direct eye contact may cause anxiety C. Mutual face gazing improves conversation quality D Eye contact illusion can be applied to real life ‎【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。本文通过实验向人们表明，在自然交流时，我们在谈话中对眼神接触的感知更多地与相互凝视的面部表情有关，而与实际的眼神接触无关。除非人们特别注意注视的位置，否则在自然交谈过程中，他们对于对方注视的确切焦点并不十分敏感。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词上一句可知，人们在积极观察别人的目光时，确实有能力判断出对方的目光所处的位置。本句用However表转折，participants were slanted to guessing ‘eyes’ when unsure.(当不确定时，参与者倾向于猜测)，该词的意思为“很可能的”，故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一个实验的结果Both subject groups produced equivalently high ratings in each measure, indicating that our perception of eye contact during conversation has more to do with mutual face gazing than with actual eye contact.可知，在第一个实验中，参与者在谈话中对眼神接触的感知更多地与相互凝视的面部表情有关，而与实际的眼神接触无关。故而错误地判断了眼神交流的实际数量。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The guessers’ accuracy was above chance level, suggesting that people do possess some ability to figure out the location of another person’s gaze when actively watching out for it.可知通过实验，我们了解到如果人们集中注意力的话，他们可以准确地知道别人注视的确切焦点。故选D。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据if the act of looking at other people s eyes makes you anxious, or if you dread speaking in front of an audience, you don t need to sweat the small stuff.可知，Guidetti认为，直接的目光接触可能会引起焦虑。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Lost in the PostHow would you feel if the letter you penned carefully and posted to your favorite star ended up in the recycling bin? That's where unopened fan mail sent to singer Taylor Swift was found in Nashville.___46___Swift’s management said it was an accident, but dealing with piles of letters is a burden for most public figures. According to the BBC reporter Jon Kelly, at the height of his fame, Johnny Depp was said to receive up to 10,000 letters a week.___47___The dawn of the digital age in which public figures with a Twitter account can be messaged directly has made the ‎ process easier. The White House says it deals with 20,000 messages addressed to President Barack Obama each day.Some celebrities don’t want letters. In 2008, Beatles drummer Ringo Starr said that he would throw them out because he was too busy.___48___Robert Pattinson, star of theTwilightfilms, claims that he reads tonnes and tonnes of letters from fans, which takes up almost all his free time.Many artists, however, outsource(外包) the task of opening, reading and replying. Sylvia “Spanky” Taylor, 58, has run a service in California that does just that since 1987.___49___Most letters are simply declarations of affection and admiration, she says. A few ask for money. A small number contain threats which require her to contact the celebrity’s security team and law enforcement.The biggest problem for Taylor is working out how to deal with the correspondence(通信). Presents such as soft toys are sent to local hospitals, and most of the letters just get shredded and recycled.___50___For some, this is enough, according to Lynn Zubernis, an expert at West Chester University. She says that the relationship between fan and celebrity may exist only in the mind of the former but it comes from a deeply-rooted human need for community.‎ A. This incident has caused a wide public concern about how the public figures deal with the letters or mails from the fans.‎ B. She and her staff deal with up to 20,000 items of mail a month on behalf of 26 celebrities C. Accordingly, the correspondence problem has been difficult for the computer to automate.‎ D. Typically, correspondence is acknowledged by a photo with a printed “signature”.‎ E. How could he have enough time to skim through these letters one by one?‎ F. In fact, there is no alternative to deal with the problem.‎ G. Others do attempt to get through it themselves.‎ ‎【答案】46. A 47. E 48. G 49. B 50. D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：文章讲述了名人每天收到众多粉丝来信这一现象及带来的一系列烦恼。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ A 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本文以著名的歌手Taylor Swift的粉丝写给她的信被发现在回收桶开始，引出了下文的议论，故A项“这一事件引起了公众广泛关注公众人物如何处理粉丝的信件或邮件。”‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ E 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本空格前的一句，表述一天收到了将近10000封粉丝的来信，故可推断后一句说的应该是这些信将会如何被处理好，故选E。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ G 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据前面一句中出现的some，可知此句中会出现others，因为这是一个句型。故选G。根据空格后面的内容也可推断选G。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ B 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。此题前面的一句话介绍了专门处理这类信件的公司，B项是这家公司如何工作的，故符合语境。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ D 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据后面一句For some, this is enough, according to Lynn Zubernis, an expert at West Chester University.（西彻斯特大学专家林恩・泽布尼斯说，对于一些人而言，这就够了。）可知，前面应该是明星给粉丝的东西，故选D。‎ 考点：考查对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 关于七选五的做题步骤：‎ ‎1、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。‎ ‎ 2、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨 ‎3、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。 ‎ ‎4、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。‎ 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。 ‎ ‎5、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。‎ 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ A 翻译下列短语 ‎51. 上网搜索相关信息 ‎52. 考虑到所有学生的建议 ‎53. 达成一致做某事 ‎54. 通过头脑风暴提出很多建议 ‎55. 负责不同的任务 ‎56. 一切准备就绪 ‎57. 努力做某事 ‎58. 储备了丰富的知识 ‎59. 手握剪刀 ‎【答案】51. surf the Internet/go online to seach for relevant/related information ‎ ‎52. take all students’ advice into consideration ‎ ‎53. reach/come to/conclude an agreement to do sth. ‎ ‎54. put forward a lot of suggestions by brainstorming ‎ ‎55. be responsible for/take charge of/be in charge of different tasks ‎ ‎56. make a good preparation/with everything well prepared ‎ ‎57. strive/make an effort/spare no effort/take pains/ go to great lengths to do sth./do sth. to the fullest/ do sth. to the potential/ do sth. with great effort ‎ ‎58. be equipped with wide knowledge ‎ ‎59. with a pair of scissors in hand ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查短语翻译。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 上网surf the Internet/go online ； 搜索相关信息seach for relevant/related information，后者做目的状语，用不定式形式，故该短语可译为surf the Internet/go online to seach for relevant/related information ‎【52题详解】‎ 考虑到take … into consideration，故该短语可译为take all students’ advice into consideration。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 达成一致reach/come to/conclude an agreement，故该短语可译为。reach/come to/conclude an agreement to do sth.‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 提出建议put forward；头脑风暴brainstorm，在介词by后面，用动名词形式，故该短语可译为put forward a lot of suggestions by brainstorming。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 负责be responsible for/take charge of/be in charge of，故短语可译为be responsible for/take charge of/be in charge of different tasks。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 若在句中做谓语，可使用动词，“做准备”可译为make a good preparation，另该短语若在句中作状语，则可以用 “with复合结构”，可译为with everything well prepared，故该短语可译为make a good preparation/with everything well prepared。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ ‎“努力”一词在英语短语中对应项非常多，如strive/make an effort/spare no effort/take pains/ go to great lengths /do sth. to the fullest/ do sth. to the potential/ do sth. with great effort等，故答案为strive/make an effort/spare no effort/take pains/ go to great lengths to do sth./do sth. to the fullest/ do sth. to the potential/ do sth. with great effort。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ ‎“储备，装备”用动词equip，通常用be equipped with结构，注意该动词在变为过去分词时要双写p，故该短语可译为be equipped with wide knowledge。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 该短语可使用“with复合结构”，故该短语可译为with a pair of scissors in hand。‎ B 翻译下列句子 ‎60. 在浏览网页时，我碰巧看到一则大量需要志愿者的招募信息。‎ ‎61. 被分配了不同的任务之后，我们赶紧开始工作。‎ ‎62. 随后，我们全身心投入到制作中。按照蓝图，我们将机翼和轮子附在飞机模型上，还安装了发动机。‎ ‎【答案】60. While browsing the website, I happened to catch sight of a piece of recruitment saying that volunteers were in great need. ‎ ‎61. Assigned different tasks, we hurriedly got down to our work. ‎ ‎62. Afterwards we devoted ourselves to production. According to the blueprint, we attached wings and wheels to the model airplane and fixed a motor to it.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查汉英翻译。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 浏览网页browse the wevsite, 碰巧happen to do sth.，另外，该句中“一则大量需要志愿者的招募信息”可以用 saying that volunteers were in great need作后置定语，根据汉语提示，本句用一般过去时，故该句可译为：While browsing the website, I happened to catch sight of a piece of recruitment saying that volunteers were in great need.‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 开始工作get down to work；分配任务assign tasks，主语为we，作状语时应用过去分词，根据汉语提示，本句用一般过去时态，故该句可译为Assigned different tasks, we hurriedly got down ‎ to our work.‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 全身投入…devote oneself to sth. ；按照according to…；安装attach/fix… to …;本句用一般过去时态，故可译为 Afterwards we devoted ourselves to production. According to the blueprint, we attached wings and wheels to the model airplane and fixed a motor to it.‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎63.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你和同学在寒假期间去医院参加了志愿者活动，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍此次经历。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：自助挂号机 self-service registration machine ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last winter vacation, my classmates and I worked as volunteers in a hospital.‎ On our first morning, a doctor gave us a lecture, informing us of our roles as volunteers. It was the first time for me to know the daily routines in a hospital. ‎ The next morning, fully prepared, we went to different posts and started our job. Together with my classmates, I assisted some patients when they didn’t know how to use the self-service registration machine. For senior citizens, we helped them register to save them the trouble.‎ Besides, I showed people the way to different consulting rooms. For those elderly patients, we accompanied them all the way until it was their appointment time. They really appreciated our help. ‎ Later I shared my picture in the hospital on WeChat Moments. In no time, I received lots of likes from my friends. Some even expressed their great interest in the voluntary work. Actually, I had the most amazing experience doing very simple things for others.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇记叙文；假设你是红星中学学生李华。你和同学在寒假期间去医院参加了志愿者活动，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍此次经历。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：the daily routines（日常工作），the self-service registration machine（自助挂号机），save them the trouble（避免了麻烦），consulting rooms（咨询室）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ 本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如On our first morning, a doctor gave us a lecture, informing us of our roles as volunteers.非谓语动词的运用。I assisted some patients when they didn’t know how to use the self-service registration machine.时间状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎