2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Bodylanguage课后达标检测 人教版必修4 9页

Unit 4 Body language ‎(建议用时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·昆明高三诊断)Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.‎ Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.‎ Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.‎ Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.‎ Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。‎ ‎1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?‎ 9‎ A．Warmth.　　　　　　　　 B．Depression.‎ C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。‎ ‎2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?‎ A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.‎ C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。‎ ‎3．One can probably read the text from ________．‎ A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine D　解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.‎ B．Men and women experience happiness differently.‎ C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.‎ D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。‎ B ‎(2020·贵阳监测)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. But in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not. Why is that?‎ According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.‎ In order to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Medical Center Go·· ttingen in Germany conducted an experiment. In the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen 9‎ ‎ whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.‎ The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.‎ ‎“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily. He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。‎ ‎5．We don’t miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________．‎ A．deal with the missing image B．remember all that we see C．imagine what our eyes miss D．put our pieces of memory together A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.”可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Our brain.‎ B．Visual information.‎ C．Current Biology.‎ D．The temporary darkness.‎ B　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visual information”，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What do we know about the experiment?‎ A．The two patterns appear at the same time.‎ 9‎ B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.‎ C．Participants can interpret patterns differently.‎ D．The different directions activated visual memory.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域被激活；当两种模式在同一个方向时，这个区域显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What would be the best title for this passage?‎ A．The Brain’s Structure B．The Brain’s Activated Patterns C．The Brain’s Special Skill D．The Brain’s Orientation C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个科学研究。研究表明，眨眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。‎ ‎【难句分析】　You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show”为while引导的时间状语从句，其中省略了you are; “in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye”为in case引导的条件状语从句。‎ 译文：在观看篮球比赛或精彩的烟花表演时，你努力睁大眼睛，以防转眼之间错过一些令人兴奋的事情。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·贵阳高三摸底)Barry White, Jr., a fifth grade English teacher at Ashley Park PreK8 School, has a personalized handshake as greetings with every one of his students every day.‎ ‎“The students know that when they __1__ the school gate we do our ‘good mornings’， and then it’s time to __2__，” White told ABC News of his enthusiastic __3__. “I’m always pumped up __4__ we start doing the moves. That brings them __5__ and cheers them up for a highenergy __6__．”‎ Each handshake is different, using custom moves inspired by the student’‎ 9‎ s personality.‎ ‎“I started with one simple handshake last year with one of my __7__ graders，” he explained. “The girl of fourth grade would __8__ me every morning before she’d go to class. She’d get into trouble sometimes for being late because she’d wait on the __9__．”‎ ‎“This year I started __10__ handshakes with the kids during class breaks. It was just one or two students and then it became contagious(有感染力的)，” he __11__. “I saw how much it __12__ to them, so I said, ‘Come on, everyone! Come on.’ Then it was my __13__ class, then it was kids from other classes. Now I have third graders wanting to do it too.”‎ His administration loves the __14__ which White brings to his students each day. “Barry’s handshakes __15__ his own authentic(真实的) building relationships with __16__. When I walk into my teachers’ rooms, I see the __17__ of those strong and trusting relationships. When kids know their teacher __18__ them, they are attentive, engaged and driven to be __19__. That’s the culture we are __20__，” said principal(校长) Meaghan Loftus.‎ ‎【解题导语】　每天，五年级的英语老师White老师都使用一种个性化的握手来问候每一位学生。这种问候方式始于与一位四年级的学生握手，之后又感染了其他学生，连其他班和三年级的学生都参与进来。White老师这种与学生构建真实的关系使学生专心学习的方式受到所在学校校长的赞赏。‎ ‎1．A.get to B．search for C．break into D．knock at A　解析：根据句中的“the school gate”可知，White老师问候学生是在学生到校的时候，因此这里指学生到达大门口时。‎ ‎2．A.leave B．try C．stop D．go D　解析：根据上文中的“we do our ‘good mornings’”可知，师生问候之后，学生就该离开去教室了。故选D。‎ ‎3．A.greetings B．helpings C．servings D．treating A　解析：根据下文中的“we start doing the moves. That brings them ______ and cheers them up”可知，White在讲述他问候学生的相关内容。 helping“帮助”；serving“一份食物”。‎ ‎4．A.or B．and 9‎ C．but D．for B　解析：句中的“I’m always pumped up”描述的是White的精神状态，“we start doing the moves”是之后的行动，这里是顺承关系，因此用连词and。‎ ‎5．A.relief B．envy C．sorrow D．excitement D　解析：根据下文中的“cheers them up”可知，和学生握手的问候方式让学生们很兴奋。 relief“安慰”；envy“忌妒”；sorrow“悲伤”；excitement“兴奋，激动”。‎ ‎6．A.meeting B．quarrel C．class D．food C　解析：根据语境可知，问候是在早上上课开始之前进行的，学生们对此感到很兴奋，因此这样的方式让学生在上课期间效率很高，因此选C。‎ ‎7．A.third B．fourth C．fifth D．sixth B　解析：根据下文中的“The girl of fourth grade”可知，White开始握手是和一位四年级的学生。‎ ‎8．A.nod to B．smile at C．wait for D．knock into C　解析：根据本句中的“every morning before she’d go to class”可知，这个四年级的女孩每天早上等着和White握手后才去上课。故选C。‎ ‎9．A.headmaster B．teacher C．handshake D．administration C　解析：根据上文可知，这个女孩是因为等着与White握手才迟到的，句中的because解释迟到的原因。‎ ‎10．A.discussing B．classifying C．confirming D．making D　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“握手”，故应用make，构成动词短语make handshakes with...“与……握手”。classify“将……分类”；confirm“证实”。‎ ‎11．A.added B．shouted C．repeated D．responded A　解析：上文中的第二段和第四段都有White接受采访时说的话，此处是他又补充说的话，因此选A，意为“补充说”。‎ ‎12．A.owed B．took C．meant D．lent C　解析：根据上文中的“It was just one or two students and then it became 9‎ ‎ contagious(有感染力的)”可知，老师与学生的握手对学生很重要，故选C项“重要，意义重大”。‎ ‎13．A.former B．full C．empty D．boring B　解析：根据上文中的“then it became contagious(有感染力的)”和下文的“then it was kids from other classes. Now I have third graders wanting to do it too”可知，全班的学生都想和White握手。‎ ‎14．A.challenge B．justice C．chance D．enthusiasm D　解析：根据下文中的“When kids know their teacher ______ them, they are attentive, engaged and driven”可知，White的问候方式给学生们的学习带来了热情，故选D。第二段中的“White told ABC News of his enthusiastic”也是提示。‎ ‎15．A.deny B．represent C．admit D．expect B　解析：由语境可知，此处是校长对White用握手来问候学生的看法，故B项“代表”符合语境。deny“否认”；admit“承认”；expect“期望”。‎ ‎16．A.students B．colleagues C．parents D．members A　解析：根据上文可知，White用握手的方式来问候学生，故选students。‎ ‎17．A.confidence B．patience C．influence D．pressure C　解析：根据下文中的“they are attentive, engaged”可知，此处指牢固、信任的(师生)关系所起的作用。‎ ‎18．A.doubts B．hesitates C．intends D．cares D　解析：根据上文中师生能建立牢固、信任的关系可知，这里应指当学生知道他们的老师关心他们时。‎ ‎19．A.successful B．polite C．gentle D．helpful A　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示老师的关心是学生成功的动力。‎ ‎20．A.analyzing B．building C．describing D．changing B　解析：根据本段中校长说的话可知，校长对White的做法是持赞赏态度的，因此此处应是说White营造的这种师生关系氛围也是学校提倡建立的文化，故选B。‎ 9‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2020·深圳第一次调研)I have a dream to be a doctor. Three years ago, I am badly injured in car accident. The ambulance rushed me to the nearest hospital, that the doctors and nurses did their best to look after myself. Five days late, I was getting better. I watched the doctors to perform their duties tirelessly but offer all their patients the best treatment available. My experience in that hospital great influenced me. Since then, I have made it my life’s ambition to fight against diseases and save life. I know my dream will come true if I keep work hard for it. ‎ 答案：‎ I have a dream to be a doctor. Three years ago, I badly injured in car accident. The ambulance rushed me to the nearest hospital, the doctors and nurses did their best to look after . Five days ， I was getting better. I watched the doctors perform their duties tirelessly offer all their patients the best treatment available. My experience in that hospital influenced me. Since then, I have made it my life’s ambition to fight against diseases and save . I know my dream will come true if I keep hard for it. ‎ ‎①am改为was。根据本句中的时间状语Three years ago可知，时态应用一般过去时。故将am改为was。‎ ‎②在car前加a。此处泛指一次车祸，且accident为可数名词。故在car前加a。‎ ‎③that改为where。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the nearest hospital，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故将that改为where。‎ ‎④myself改为me。此处表示医生和护士尽最大努力照顾“我”。此处作look after的宾语，应用宾格，主语和宾语并非同一人，不能用反身代词。故将myself改为me。‎ ‎⑤late改为later。句意：五天后，我好多了。late意为“晚(的)；迟(的)”，later意为“随后；之后”。根据句意可知，此处应用later。故将late改为later。‎ ‎⑥删除to。watch sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“看某人做某事”。此处指作者在医院时看到医生们不知疲倦地履行他们的职责。故删除to。‎ ‎⑦but改为and。句意：我看到医生们不知疲倦地履行他们 9‎ 的职责并为所有病人提供可行的最佳治疗(方案)。offer all their patients the best treatment available和前面的perform their duties tirelessly是并列关系，而非转折关系。故将but改为and。‎ ‎⑧great改为greatly。句中的influenced是动词，应用副词来修饰，故此处应用greatly，表示“非常；十分；极大地”。故将great改为greatly。‎ ‎⑨life改为lives。句意：从那以后，我把与疾病抗争和拯救生命作为自己的人生理想。此处“拯救生命”并非指一个人的生命，应用复数形式。故将life改为lives。‎ ‎⑩work改为working。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”。故将work改为working。‎ 9‎