专题04 必修2Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列 32页

‎ 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修2 Unit3——Unit5‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．total adj. 总的；全部的；整个的　n．总数；合计v．总数为；合计为 totally adv. 完全地；整个地 in total 总共；总计(＝totally)‎ a total of 总数；总共(修饰名词复数时，谓语动词用复数)‎ the total of...(谓语动词用单数)‎ total up ＝ add up算出总数 total (up) to＝add up to总额为 ‎ [即学即练]—What is the total cost of these books？这些书的全部费用是多少？‎ ‎—It cost me a total of of 500 yuan.‎ In total，it cost me 500 yuan.‎ The cost totalled up to 500 yuan.‎ 这些书总共花了我500元。‎ ‎2．anyhow/anyway adv.‎ ‎(1)“无论如何，不管怎样；总之；尽管如此”。在作此意讲时，anyway和 anyhow一样，都用做让步状语，一般置于句中(其前常有连词 but)或句末。‎ ‎(2)“况且，更何况，再说，至少”。作此意讲时，两者都可用来做状语，对前面的话做补充，给出一个令人信服的理由，此时 anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首，而不出现在句末。‎ ‎(3)“粗心地，随意地”，作此意讲时，只能用 anyhow。‎ ‎ [即学即练]写出下列句中anyhow的意思。‎ ‎(1)It may rain, but we shall go anyhow.‎ ‎(2)Anyhow, you can try, even if there's not much chance of success.‎ ‎(3)The work was done all anyhow.‎ 拓展：somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么的；以某种方式；用某种方法；从某种角度。如：‎ Somehow he was afraid of her. 不知怎的，他怕她。‎ ‎3．signal vi. vt.发信号 n．信号 a danger/warning/distress signal危险/警告/遇难信号 traffic signals交通信号灯 a stop signal停车信号 signal(to) sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal to sb.向某人示意 signal(sb.) that...示意……‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)All I get is a busy signal whenever I dial his number.‎ 我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。‎ ‎(2)He signalled the waiter for the bill.‎ 他示意服务员结帐。‎ ‎(3)She signalled him to follow her.‎ 她示意他跟她走。‎ ‎4．type n．类型，种类，样式 v．打字 a rare blood type罕见的血型 different racial types不同的人种 type up打印出来 ‎[即学即练](1)She mixes with all types of people.她和各种类型的人打交道。‎ ‎(2)How fast can you type？你打字有多快？‎ ‎(3)This letter needs to be typed again.‎ 这封信需要再打一遍。‎ ‎5．arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现；发生；起身，起立 ‎(1)“出现，开始，呈现”，多用抽象名词做主语。‎ ‎(2)表示“起因于，由……产生”，通常用做arise from/put of。‎ ‎(3)表“起身”之意，为正式或旧式用法。‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen.‎ 我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。‎ ‎(2)Accidents arise from carelessness.‎ 事故由粗心大意引起。‎ ‎(3)A heavy mist arose from the lake.湖面起了浓雾。‎ ‎(4)He arose from his seat.他从座位上站起来。‎ ‎6．respond vi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应 response n. 回答，回复；反应 respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)‎ respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事)‎ respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应 response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应 in response to 作为对……的反应 ‎ [即学即练](1)They still haven't responded to ‎ my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。‎ ‎(2)He responded to my suggestion with a laugh/by laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。‎ ‎(3)His illness didn't respond to treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。‎ ‎(4)My mother opened the door in response to ‎ the knock, but there was no one outside.‎ 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。‎ ‎7．certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)‎ ‎(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。‎ for a certain reason＝for some reason 由于某种原因 certain professors＝some professors 某些教授 a certain amount of time 相当一段时间 ‎(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that...句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。‎ ‎ “be certain/sure＋从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主 语的信念)‎ be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)‎ be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常 为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)‎ ‎“make certain/sure＋从句”弄清楚/确保……‎ make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚 for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)‎ It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure) ‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)There was a certain coldness in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。‎ ‎(2)Are you certain about/of it？你对此有把握吗？‎ ‎(3)He is certain to do his duty.他肯定会尽职。‎ ‎(4) I’m certain that he has wronged me.‎ 我确信他冤枉了我。‎ ‎(5) It’s certain that their team will win the match.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。‎ ‎8．contain vt. 包含；容纳(＝hold)；抑制(＝control)‎ ‎[即学即练](1)His paper contained no mistakes at all.‎ 他的试卷没有一点错误。‎ ‎(2)Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。‎ ‎(3)This bottle contains two glasses of beer.‎ 这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。‎ ‎(4)He couldn't contain himself for joy.他不胜欢喜。‎ ‎9．affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 be greatly/deeply affected　很/深受感动 be affected by heat/cold　中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever　发高烧 ‎[即学即练](1)The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。‎ ‎(2)One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。‎ ‎(3)The audience were deeply affected by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。‎ ‎10．appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人 appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事 one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)He highly appreciated his help.他非常感谢他的帮助。‎ ‎(2)We shall appreciate hearing from you again.‎ 我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。‎ ‎(3)I really appreciate your coming to the party.‎ 你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。‎ ‎(4)I would appreciate it if you could help me.‎ 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎11．succeed v．成功 success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed in doing sth.‎ have success in doing sth.‎ be successful in doing sth.成功做某事 achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事 ‎ [即学即练](1)We all succeeded in passing the mid－term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。‎ ‎(2)Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。‎ ‎(3)He was a success as a novelist.‎ 他是非常成功的小说家。‎ ‎12．harm vt. n．损害；危害 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to＝do harm to do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth.‎ ‎＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.‎ 做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t harm anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。‎ ‎(2)Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。‎ ‎(3)He may say no, but there is no harm in asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。‎ ‎13．pretend vt. 假装；假扮 pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口)‎ pretend to do...假装做……‎ pretend to be＋n. (adj.) 假装是……‎ pretend to be doing...假装正在做……‎ pretend to have done... 假装已做……‎ pretend that－clause 假装……‎ ‎ [即学即练](1)He pretended a headache yesterday.昨天他假装头疼。‎ ‎(2)We mustn't pretend to know what we don't know.我们不应不懂装懂。‎ ‎(3)He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.当他遇到熊时就装死。‎ ‎14．attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等)‎ attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的 attachment n. [C]附件[C，U]依恋；眷恋；深爱 attach sth. to sth. 把某物系到某物上 attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和……在一起 attach to sb./sth.与……有联系，与……有关联 be attached to sb./sth. 依恋，留恋 ‎ [即学即练](1)She attached a cheque to the order form.她在订货单上附了一张支票。‎ ‎(2)Don't worry—there are no strings attached.‎ 不用担心——没有附加的条件。‎ ‎(3)She attaches great importance to the regular exercise.她对常规训练极为重视。‎ ‎(4)No blame attaches to him for the accident.‎ 这次事故的责任与他无关。‎ ‎(5)I am deeply attached to this novel.‎ 我非常喜欢这部小说。‎ ‎15．form vt. vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养 n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神 form(＝set up) a club 成立俱乐部 form a good habit 养成好习惯 form the habit of＝fall/get into the habit of 养成……的习惯 form an organization 成立一个组织 fill in the form 填表格 in the form of 以……的形式 in/out of form 状况良好/不佳 ‎ [即学即练](1)The footballer's been out of form.这个足球运动员的状态不好。‎ ‎(2)He is filling in the application form.‎ 他正在填申请表。‎ ‎(3)His research formed the basis of the new book.‎ 他的研究成果是这本新书的基础。‎ ‎(4)The teacher formed the students into a line.‎ 老师让学生排成一行。‎ ‎16．earn vt. 赚得；挣得；获得 earn one's living＝make a living 谋生 earn one's own living 自食其力 earn money＝make money 挣钱 ‎ [即学即练](1)His courage earned him the admiration of his classmates.‎ 他的勇敢博得了同学们的赞扬。‎ ‎(2)Do you know how much he earns a month?‎ 你知道他一个月赚多少钱吗？‎ ‎(3)He earns his living by teaching at a language school.他在语言学校教书以维持生计。‎ ‎17．perform vt.vi 表演；履行；执行 performance n. 履行，执行；表演 performer n. 执行者；表演者 perform one's promise 守信；履行诺言 perform duty 尽职 perform a part in... 在……中扮演角色 perform an experiment 做实验 give/put on a performance 演出 ‎ [即学即练](1)The students will perform an opera next Friday.‎ 这些学生下星期五将演出一场歌剧。‎ ‎(2)The police perform a vital role in our society.‎ 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。‎ ‎(3)You shall perform the experiment the way they do.你们要按照他们的方法去做实验。‎ ‎(4)Our team performed well in the match.‎ 我们队在比赛中表现很出色。‎ ‎6．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；通晓的；亲密的 ‎(1)be familiar with 对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。‎ ‎(2)be familiar to 为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物， to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。‎ ‎(3)sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间 ‎ [即学即练6](1)Yao Ming is a familiar star to us.姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。‎ ‎(2)Are you familiar with the computer software they use?‎ 你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？‎ ‎(3)This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.‎ 我对这首童谣很熟悉。‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1．as a result 结果；因此 as a result of 由于；作为……的结果 result in (＝cause)导致；致使 result from (＝be caused by) 起因于；因……而引起 ‎2．in a way在某种程度上 all the way　一路上；一直；完全 by way of　经由；途经 by the way　顺便说 in the way　妨碍，挡路 in this way　以这种方法 in no way　决不，无论如何都不 on the way　在途中 on one’s way to...　在某人去……的途中；即将成为……‎ give way (to)　让步，屈服 ‎3．deal with处理；安排；对付 ‎[即学即练8]写出下列deal with的意思。‎ ‎(1)There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.‎ ‎(2)He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.‎ ‎(3)Deal with a man as he deals with you.‎ ‎(4)This is a book dealing with Asian problems.‎ ‎(5)They have learned to deal with various persons.‎ 比较：deal with, do with ‎(1)deal with意思是“处理，谈论，对付”以及“与……做买卖”，表示处理时，常与连接副词how连用。‎ I don’t know how to deal with him.‎ 我不知道如何对付他。‎ ‎(2)do ‎ with意思是“对待，处理，利用，与……有关”，表示“对待”时宾语是人，相当于treat；表示“处理，利用”时，常与连接代词what连用。‎ I don’t know how they deal with the problem.　　　　‎ ‎＝I don’t know what they do with the problem.‎ 我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。‎ ‎4．watch over 看守；监视 watch for sth. 盼望或等待某事物 watch out 小心；留神；注意(用于提醒、警示)‎ watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/物 keep (a) watch on 监视 on the watch for 看守着……，监视着……‎ ‎5．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失 die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死 die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息 die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)‎ 静下来 die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等 die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 ‎6．in danger (of...)处于危险之中 out of danger 脱离危险 拓展：与 in/out of 搭配的短语 in order 有秩序 in sight 看得见 in trouble 在困境中 in line 成行(队)‎ in place 适合/当 in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)‎ out of sight 看不见 out of trouble 摆脱困境 out of line 不成一直线 out of place 不合适 out of fashion 过时 ‎7．protect...from/against... 保护……免受……(的伤害)‎ defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……‎ keep sb. from doing stop sb. (from) doing prevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做 提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from。‎ ‎(2)在 protect...from/against... 结构中，from和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。‎ ‎(3)主动句中 prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略，在被动句中 from不可省略，而 keep...from...中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。‎ ‎8．pay attention to 注意 Attention, please! 请注意！ (演讲用语)‎ ‎(＝May I have your attention, please？)‎ attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意 fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 将注意力集中于 devote one's attention to 专心致志于 call one's attention to 唤起某人对……的注意 提示：以上短语中的 to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎9．come into being 出现；形成；产生 bring...into being 使形成；使产生 for the time being 暂时；眼下 提示：come into being是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有：come into power 当权 come into effect 生效 come into action 开始行动 come into office 就职 come into sight 看得见 come into use 开始使用 ‎ ‎10．to be honest 说实在的；实话说 honestly speaking 老实说 to tell the truth 说实话，老实说 to be honest with you 跟你说实话 be honest with sb. about sth. 关于某事对……坦诚 be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面坦诚 It is honest of sb. to do sth. ……在干……方面诚实。‎ ‎11．play jokes/a joke on 戏弄……；和……开玩笑 have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑 make a joke/jokes about sb./sth. 关于某人/某事说笑话 play tricks on sb.＝make fun of sb. 和……开玩笑；‎ 捉弄某人 make a fool of 愚弄 laugh at 嘲笑 ‎12．rely on 依靠，信赖；指望 ‎(1)依靠，依赖。同live on 或 depend on “依赖……”。‎ rely on one's own efforts 依靠自己的努力 ‎(2)信任，依赖。同 believe in, depend on。‎ rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 相信某人会做某事 rely on/upon it that... 相信……(事情)，指望……‎ ‎13．break up 分解；驱散，拆散；打碎；结束；散会；(关系)破裂；停课，放假 ‎[即学即练10]写出下列break up的意思。‎ ‎(1)The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.‎ ‎(2)The police came and broke up the crowd.‎ ‎(3)The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. ‎ ‎ (4)Some sentences can break up into clauses.‎ ‎ (5)Their marriage is breaking up.‎ 拓展：(1)break away from 脱离 ‎(2)break down 分解，出毛病，(计划、谈判)失败；(谈话、通讯)中断 ‎(3)break into 闯入 ‎(4)break in 强行进入，插话 ‎(5)break off 打断，折断 ‎(6)break out 爆发，发生(不用于被动语态)‎ ‎(7)break through 突破 ‎14．above all 首先；最重要的是；特别是；尤其 above all＝most important of all(强调地位上的重要性)‎ first of all “首先，第一”，强调顺序 at all 根本，全然 in all 总共，共计 after all 终究，毕竟 all in all 总之 ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1. symbol/sign/signal/mark 均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。‎ ‎(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。‎ ‎(2)sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。‎ ‎(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。‎ ‎(4)mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。‎ ‎ [应用]　(1)Red cross is a ______ for hospital.‎ ‎(2)A red light is usually a _________ of danger.‎ ‎(3)Make a ______ where you don’t understand.‎ ‎(4)Are dark clouds a ______ of rain?‎ ‎(5)A dove(鸽子) is a ______________ for peace.‎ sign/signal/mark/sign/symble ‎2. arise/arouse/rise/raise ‎(1)arise 是不及物动词，在现代英语中主要用于借喻，指“出现，发生，产生”。‎ ‎(2)arouse 是及物动词，指“唤醒，激起”，后常跟抽象名词。‎ ‎(3)rise是不及物动词，使用范围较广，指“升起，上升，增长”，也可指“起立，起床，地位升高”等。‎ ‎(4)raise 是及物动词，用在句中，后面需跟宾语。一般指“升起，举起，增加(程度、价格等)；提高(音量)；提出；种植(农作物)；养育；抚育(子女)”。‎ ‎ [应用]　(1)The river is ______ after the rain.‎ ‎(2)He ______ his hand in the hope of being asked.‎ ‎(3)His strange behaviour _________ our suspicions.‎ ‎(4)New problems ______ every day.‎ rising/raised/aroused/arise ‎3. contain/include ‎(1)contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。‎ ‎(2)include 意为“包含；连……在内，计入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”。如：‎ Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。‎ ‎ [应用]　用 contain和 include的适当形式填空。‎ ‎(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _____________ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.‎ ‎(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _____________ old people.‎ ‎(3)The __________ can __________ 100 litres of water.‎ includes/including/container/contain ‎ ‎4. affect/effect/influence ‎(1)affect 常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。‎ ‎(2)effect 常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对……有影响，take effect 生效，实行，come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施。‎ ‎(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。‎ ‎ [应用]　(1)Probably we ______________ each other.‎ ‎(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.‎ influenced/affect/effect ‎5. earn/gain/win ‎(1)如果为了钱(或任何其他报酬)而工作，这就是earn，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思。‎ ‎(2)win指在竞赛、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。‎ ‎(3)gain指获得有用或需要的东西，而且与win和earn不同，它用在与钱没有关系的场合。‎ ‎ [应用]　(1)She _______________ experience while working for the newspaper.‎ ‎(2)She _______________ ￡1 000 a month.‎ ‎(3)Who is going to _____________ the election?‎ gained/earns/win ‎6. above all/first of all/first(ly)/at first ‎(1)above all是从重要性上讲的，指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。‎ ‎(2)first of all虽也强调重要性，但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序，译做“首先，第一”。‎ ‎(3)first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项，指次序，但语气不及first of all强。‎ ‎(4)at first指时间，译作“开始，起初”，相当于in the beginning。‎ ‎ [应用]　(1)_________， I didn’t like him, but afterwards I came to appreciate him.‎ ‎(2)__________， make sure you keep in touch.‎ ‎(3)__________， let’s welcome our honoured guest, Mr Smith.‎ ‎(4)I can’t go. ________ I have no time; _________I have no money.‎ At first/Above all/First of all/Firstly secondly II.重点句型背诵 ‎1.so...that... 如此……以致……。 that 引导结果状语从句。另外， such...that...也引导结果状语从句。其结构形式为：so＋adj./adv.＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数 ‎＋many/few＋可数名词复数 much/little＋不可数名词that 从句 such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数 ‎＋adj.＋可数名词复数 ‎＋adj.＋不可数名词that 从句 ‎①She was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep.她兴奋得睡不着觉。‎ ‎②It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.(＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。‎ ‎③I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。‎ 拓展：(1)当 so.../such...位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。‎ So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.‎ 那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。‎ ‎(2)so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。‎ The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.‎ ‎＝The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.‎ 这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。‎ ‎(3)so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等 词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。‎ He hurried up so that he could catch the train.‎ 他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。)‎ ‎2.of＋n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。‎ ‎(1)of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。‎ The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)‎ 骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。‎ ‎(2)of＋n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。‎ The two are of an age, but are of different height.这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。‎ ‎(3)of＋n.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family, blood, race, origin 等。‎ We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。‎ ‎ (4)of＋n.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用 of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。‎ Your sister is a girl of wisdom.‎ 你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。‎ ‎3.before可做连词，连接时间状语从句，做介词，连接时间点或做副词。long before 连接的时间状语从句用一般现在时呼应主句的一般将来时；一般过去时呼应主句的一般过去时或过去将来时。‎ 拓展：(1)before long “不久以后”，相当于 soon after/shortly after, 既可以指将来，也可以指过去，所以与过去时或将来时连用，在句中做状语，不可以引导从句。‎ ‎(2)long ago (现在的)很久以前。‎ ‎(3)“It will be long before＋从句(一般现在时)”与 “It was long before＋从句(一般过去时)”的意思是“过很久才……”，强调经过的时间长。‎ ‎(4)“It will not be long before＋从句(一般现在时)”与“It was not long before＋从句(一般过去时)”，意思是“没过很久就……”，强调经过的时间短。‎ 注意：以上短语、句型中的 long均可以改用普通的时间名词或短语，表达不同的时间长度。‎ ‎①Long before, there was a big museum here.‎ 很久以前，这里有一座大博物馆。‎ ‎②I had heard of him long before I came here.‎ 早在我来这儿很久以前我就听说过他的情况。‎ ‎③Before long he went to Canada to go on with his further education.不久以后他就去加拿大继续深造了。‎ ‎④It was not long before she came. 没多久她就来了。‎ ‎⑤It will be long before we see each other again.‎ 我们很久以后才会再见面。‎ ‎4.before做连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：‎ ‎(1)在……之前 ‎(2)……(之后)才……‎ ‎(3)(不多久)就……‎ ‎(4)以免……‎ ‎(5)还没来得及……就……‎ ‎(6)(宁愿……)也不愿……‎ ‎①We lived in Paris before moving to London.‎ 我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。‎ ‎②It was a long time before I got to sleep again.‎ 很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。 ‎ ‎③It wasn’t long before she came back.‎ 不久她就回来了。‎ ‎④Lock your bike before it gets stolen.‎ 锁好你的自行车，以免被偷。‎ ‎⑤Before John stopped her, she ran out.‎ 约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。‎ ‎⑥I’d shoot myself before I apologized to her.‎ 我宁死也不向她道歉。‎ ‎5.more than＋数词，“……以上；多于……”，等于 over ‎＋名词，“不仅仅；不只；超过；远不止”‎ ‎＋动词，“十分；大大地；远远地；不仅仅”‎ ‎＋...can/could＋v.“不能”‎ ‎＋adj./adv.，“非常；十分；更加”‎ ‎①By then he was more than fifty.‎ 那时他已经50多岁了。‎ ‎②Peace is much more than the absence of war.‎ 和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。‎ ‎③He more than smiled; he laughed out.‎ 他岂止是微笑，他简直是大笑了。‎ ‎④That's more than I can tell you.‎ 这一点我是不能告诉你的。‎ ‎⑤He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。‎ 拓展：(1)more＋adj./n.＋than＋adj./n..与其说……倒不如说……‎ ‎(2)no more than＋num.＝only 仅仅 ‎(3)not more than＋num.＝at most 至多 ‎(4)no more＋adj./adv.＋than...和……一样不……‎ ‎(5)not more＋adj./adv.＋than... 不如……‎ ‎(6)more than one “不止一个”，做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 根据语义衔接判断指代内容 代词除了替代前面(大多)或后面(有时)的人、物或事之外，在语义上起着衔接作用。因此，代词的使用，既避免了表达上的重复，又使上下文衔接得更加紧密。‎ 高考阅读理解题中，常要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one等)，或代动词(do, does, did, do that等)指代什么，题干中通常含有refer to。‎ 一般说来，代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前、后，句中(有时)，但也可能在前几个句子中，甚至指代前一段话中的某个内容。找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，前后的语义是否连贯，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。‎ ‎【经典例题】‎ 阅读下列文段，选择正确答案。‎ 替代内容在上句。‎ ‎【例1】 Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in blackface — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.‎ ‎◇ What does the underlined word “they” refer to?‎ A. The attacks. B. Slavery and prejudice.‎ C. White men. D. The shows.‎ ‎【解析】 结合前句理解，可知they替代the ‎ shows，代入they，全句意为“他对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击表明他深知这些表演并不代表现实”，上下连贯，故选D项。‎ ‎【答案】 D 即学即用 阅读下列短文的节选，从每题所给的A，B，C和D项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎1. Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.‎ ‎◇ What does the underlined word “them” refer to?‎ A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants.‎ B. Sparrow restaurants.‎ C. Customers of other fast-food chains.‎ D. Other fast-food chains.‎ ‎2. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb(=much money) on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 pm. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid.‎ ‎◇ The underlined word “it” refers to “________”.‎ A. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport ‎3. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情)of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.‎ ‎◇ The underlined word “they” refers to “________”.‎ A. the dogs B. the trainers C. the systems D. the researchers ‎4. The President has started using look-alikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country” by becoming one.‎ ‎◇ The underlined word “one” refers to “________”.‎ A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a look-alike 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案 D ‎2. 答案 D 解析 代替前句中的public transport，将其代入it的位置，理解上下文，看语意是否连贯：现在到了晚上10点钟后宁愿花一大笔钱打的也不坐公交车了。我过去常坐公交车，但现在害怕了。上下文语意贯通，故选D项。‎ ‎3. 答案 B 解析 句中that引导定语从句并代替先行词dogs作approach的宾语；从句主语they代替“驯狗师”，故选B项。‎ ‎4. 答案 D 解析 前句说总统开始在公共场合使用替身(look-alikes)，后来戴夫有机会成了其中的一员，可以猜测出one应该是a look-alike。‎ ‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．Don't lose heart. _________________(无论如何), you can try.‎ ‎2．I'm sorry to say that I ______ (彻底地) forgot about it.‎ ‎3．In most maths examinations senior high school students are allowed to use ____________ (计算器) in the exams.‎ ‎4．Credit cards have brought about a ______________(革命) in people's spending habits.‎ ‎5．Unfortunately, a new difficulty has ______ (出现了)．‎ Anyhow/Anyway　totally calculators revolution arisen ‎ ‎6．With the development of t______________， more and more practical machines have been invented.‎ ‎7．P___________ speaking, I'm not in favour of the plan.‎ ‎8．He's very clever and of high i_______________.‎ ‎9．At first, I thought these flowers were real, but they are a_____________.‎ ‎10．Which t_________ of tea do you prefer?‎ technology　Personally intelligence artificial type ‎ ‎11．This hat will give p_____________ against the hot sun.‎ ‎12．My wallet c______________ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping.‎ ‎13．Mrs Brown's dog b______ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterday afternoon.‎ ‎14．Both bees and butterflies belong to i__________.‎ ‎15．The mother is r________ her baby against mosquitoes.‎ protection　containing bit insects rubbing ‎16．You'd better __________(存留) the money for future need.‎ ‎17．We'll go _____________(打猎) tomorrow.‎ ‎18．We greatly ___________(感谢，感激) your timely help.‎ ‎19．She turned her ____________(注意力) to new problems.‎ ‎20．The dog looks __________ (凶恶). You'd better keep away from it.‎ reserve　hunting appreciate attention fierce ‎21．He is busy sending out ____________ (请帖)．‎ ‎22．Have you heard the news _________(广播) on the radio?‎ ‎23．The famous band from the US will give their ‎________________(表演) in the Capital Concert Hall.‎ ‎24．Beethoven was one of the greatest _________(音乐家)．‎ ‎25．Your proposal sounds very ___________(吸引人的)．‎ invitations　broadcast performance musicians attractive ‎26．Now many children are learning to play different kinds of musical i___________________.‎ ‎27．He knew nothing about the matter, but he p___________ to know it.‎ ‎28．In common with most educated people he prefers c____________ music to jazz.‎ ‎29．He asked me if I had e______ pay besides salary.‎ ‎30．He stopped driving and went out of his car as if to find a p_________________ and to ask the way.‎ instruments pretended classical extra passer－by II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity, but it may be some time ________ the situation improves.‎ ‎2. Some students get more attention and receive more. ________ a result, they develop better skills and greater confidence and perform even better.‎ ‎3. The test is too difficult for these children to understand, so it should ________‎ ‎(simplify).‎ ‎4. ________(person), I don’t like Jay Chou, but it’s strange that he should be so popular among the kids.‎ ‎5. Due to the widespread ________(apply) of this medical technology, more disease can be discovered and treated at an early stage.‎ ‎6. There is someone playing the guitar over there. We’ll go and listen, shall we? Free entertainment, ________.‎ ‎7. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ________‎ ‎(sign) for everyone to stand up.‎ ‎8. Could you tell me how to deal ________ these problems so that I will be able to adapt to the life in Guiyang?‎ ‎9. Mary, I am very busy these days. Could you please watch ________ my pet cat?‎ ‎10. The new suspension bridge ________(complete) by the end of last month.‎ ‎11. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we hung up, her voice ________(be) full of life.‎ ‎12. Can we begin by discussing matters ________(arise) from the last meeting?‎ ‎13. ________ the help of new drugs and therapies (疗法), many childhood disease are no longer fatal.‎ ‎14. The nearby supermarket provides a variety of goods ________ a high quality.‎ ‎15. We are here to provide the public ________ good service.‎ ‎16. We came to the UK in 1974 and ________(live) here ever since.‎ ‎17. ________ the weeks went by, I became more and more worried.‎ ‎18. In ________ way, elementary schooling is more important than secondary schooling.‎ ‎19. The man at the stage reassured that all that was pure rumor and was ________‎ ‎(total) made up by some ill men.‎ ‎20. The story took place in France in ________ early 1870’s.‎ ‎21. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ________ a dangerous scene it was!‎ ‎22. Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ________ her boss could read it next morning.‎ ‎23. I would appreciate ________ very much if you could change the plan a bit to make it more workable.‎ ‎24. On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she burst ________ laughter.‎ ‎25. Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves ________ the blowing sand.‎ ‎26. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ________(contain).‎ ‎27. I haven’t yet moved into the new house, because the rooms ________(paint) now.‎ ‎28. I’m sorry for breaking in, ________ I have some news for you.‎ ‎29. An average of RMB 77,000 is spent on each wedding, excluding the cost of the wedding ring and honeymoon, according ________ China Wedding Industry Development Report.‎ ‎30. Special attention should be paid to ________(improve) your spoken English.‎ ‎31. He is the last one of the family; after his death, the family will die ________.‎ ‎32. For the past three years, he ________(employ) as a firefighter.‎ ‎33. He smiled ________ relief as the girl nodded.‎ ‎34. The first electronic computer came ________ being at the end of the 1940’s.‎ ‎35. I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded ________ making her angry.‎ ‎36. Now the children have gone to school, perhaps I can go on with my work ________ peace.‎ ‎37. Although those chemical weapons were sealed off, they were in danger ________ leakage(泄露), because of the eroded containers.‎ ‎38. The little girl ________(bite) by the family dog the other day.‎ ‎39. ________(mercy), I managed to stop the car in time.‎ ‎40. I’m sorry. These seats ________(reserve) for special guests.‎ ‎41. There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem ________(attach) to it.‎ ‎42. You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ________ the form of a question.‎ ‎43. Your ________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting ‎ on how you learn.‎ ‎44. You can’t always rely ________ others’ help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time, dear.‎ ‎45. My parents will move back into town in a year or ________.‎ ‎46. I wonder why Sue and Paul have broken ________. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.‎ ‎47. On my 18th birthday, I was given a mobile phone and an Mp4 and so on ________ addition to an album.‎ ‎48. It’s difficult to sort ________ these old books for some of them belong to none of the classification.‎ ‎49. A sense of ________(devote) is the basic requirement for people working in the service industry, such as education and health care.‎ ‎50. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more sensitive ________, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.‎ ‎51. We go to school ________ all to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school we can continue to learn.‎ ‎52. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.‎ ‎53. That year, Chinese readers were especially excited with the Nobel Literature Prize, for the first time, ________(win) by a Chinese citizen, Mo Yan.‎ ‎54. When he was young, he did all sorts of jobs so as to earn ________ living.‎ ‎55. The shop charges less if the customers pay ________ cash.‎ ‎56. She wondered whether others were playing a joke ________ her.‎ ‎57. Are you familiar ________ the computer software they use?‎ ‎58. The Chinese people had dreamed ________ flying to the moon for more than 1,000 years and now it has become a reality.‎ ‎59. ________(be) honest, it is one of the worst books I have ever read.‎ ‎60. “What ________ students really pay more attention to good-looking teachers and learn more?” they asked.‎ 答案 1. before 2. As 3. be simplified 4. Personally 5. application ‎6. anyhow/anyway 7. signal 8. with 9. over 10. had been completed 11. had been 12. arising 13. With 14. of 15. with 16. have lived/have been living17. As 18. a/some/one 19. totally 20. the 21. What 22. so that 23. it 24. into 25. from 26. contained 27. are being painted 28. but 29. to 30. improving 31. out 32. has been employed33. in/with 34. into 35. in 36. in 37. of 38. was bitten 39. Mercifully40. are reserved41. attached 42. in 43. performance 44. on/upon 45. so 46. up 47. in 48. out 49. devotion 50. to 51. above 52. which 53. won 54. a 55. in 56. on57. with 58. of/about 59. To be 60. if III.短语填空 ‎(1) Hard work ____________ success.努力终归成功。‎ ‎(2) Success _____________ hard work.成功来自于努力工作。‎ ‎(3)He was ill. ____________________， he didn't go to school.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。‎ ‎(4)_______________________ ____ his illness, he didn't go to school.由于生病，他没去上学。‎ results in/results from/As a result/As a result of ‎(5)You are quite right __________________.从某一方面来讲，你完全正确。‎ ‎(6)It’s surprising that so many people should go abroad _________________ Hong Kong.‎ 竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。‎ ‎(7)__________________ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education.‎ 我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的机会。‎ in a way/by way of/In no way ‎(8)Our employer will not ______________________ our demands for higher wages.‎ 我们的雇主不会对我们增加工资的要求让步。‎ ‎(9)Don’t stand ____________.不要妨碍别人。‎ give way to/in the way ‎(10)They __________________ by three policemen.他们由三个警察看守着。‎ ‎(11)She ____________ her chance to speak.她等机会发言。‎ ‎(12)____________！ There is a car coming.注意！有车来了。‎ ‎(13)_________________ the pickpockets！当心有扒手！‎ were watched over/watched for/Watch out/Watch out for ‎(14) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。‎ ‎(15) Many old customs ___________________________. ‎ 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。‎ ‎(16)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。‎ ‎(17)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.把气孔打开，火要熄了。‎ died out/are dying out/die off/dying down ‎(18)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。‎ ‎(19)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.‎ 现在有很多人死于癌症。‎ die from/die of ‎(20)The drowned girl was obviously ‎_________________________.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。‎ ‎(21)The old house is _________________ collapse.‎ 那所老房子有倒塌的危险。‎ ‎(22)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.‎ 他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。‎ in immediate danger/in danger of/out of danger ‎(23)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.‎ 幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。‎ ‎(24)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。‎ ‎(25)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.‎ 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。‎ ‎(26)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.‎ 什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。 ‎ protected from/protected against/defend/stop from ‎(27)She ______________________________ her appearance.她很注重外表。‎ ‎(28)A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。‎ paid much attention to/paid to ‎(28)We don't know when the universe ________________________.‎ 我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。‎ ‎(29)Such a custom ______________________ long ago.‎ 这种风俗很久以前就有了。‎ came into being/came into being ‎(30)_________________________________， I don’t agree with you.‎ 对你说实话，我不同意你的看法。‎ ‎(31)I think she is _____________ what she is telling me.‎ 我认为她很诚实地告诉我一切。‎ ‎(32)It is ________________________ to tell the truth.你讲实话是诚实的。‎ ‎(33)_________________， I hate the student wearing long hair.说实在的，我讨厌那位留着长发的学生。‎ To be honest with you/honest in/honest of you/Honestly speaking ‎(34)It's not proper to ____________________ others in public.‎ 在公众场所捉弄别人是不恰当的。‎ ‎(35)She was __________________________ you.她在跟你开玩笑。‎ ‎(36)Don't ________________________ the handicapped.不要说关于残疾人的笑话。‎ play jokes on/having a joke with/make jokes about ‎(37)Nowadays we ______ increasingly ______ computers ______ help. ‎ 现今我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。‎ ‎(38)You can ____________ me ________________ your secret.‎ 你尽管相信我一定为你保密。‎ ‎(39)I ________________________________ early.‎ 我指望你早来。‎ ‎(40)You can __________________________ he will come.‎ 你放心 ，他会来的。‎ rely on for/rely on to keep/relied on your/you coming/rely upon it that ‎(41)He longs ________________ to see his family again.他尤其渴望再见到家里的人。‎ ‎(42)_________________________， let them introduce themselves to us.首先，让他们向我们作自我介绍。‎ ‎(43)___________________________， he didn't agree with what his son said.总之，他没同意他儿子所说的话。‎ ‎(44)He has done it well. _________________， he is only a learner.这件事他做得很好了，毕竟，他只是个初学者。‎ above all/First of all/All in all/After all IV.句型填空 ‎1.Most children need encouragement in time of failure ______ they can cheer up again.‎ 答案so that解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。‎ ‎2. You will find this map of great ______（价值） in helping you to get around London.‎ 答案value解析：be of great value＝be very valuable “很有价值”。‎ ‎3. It will be long_______we see each other again.‎ 我们很久以后才会再见面。‎ 答案before ‎4. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.‎ 答案before解析：句意：在你没有学生卡之前，你不能在学校图书馆借书。‎ V．阅读理解 ‎【广东省五校2018届高三12月联考】C Many people wrongly think that cities don’t have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country. Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.‎ Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture. Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment. Ms. Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown. According to Ms. Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.”‎ The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing. The amount of people ‎ who want to garden in urban areas is also rising. Ms. Sullivan says, “In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat. They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture.”Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas. This is because a city doesn’t have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.‎ In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn’t a lot of room. For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City. All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space. This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.‎ Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things. The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants. And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location. They use available space that is not needed for anything else. As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals.‎ ‎1. Which of the following is Ms. Sullivan’s opinion according to the next?‎ A. The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly B. Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely C. Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities D. Urban agriculture can provide huge income ‎2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Farmers B. City residents C. Rurai residents D. Companies ‎3. What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text?‎ A. It has large farming areas B. It can only grow single products C. It produces enough food for citizens D. It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables ‎4. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Farms in Cities B. Future Food System C. Food Grown in Cities D. Agriculture of New York City ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A ‎1. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“According to Ms. Sullivan, ‘Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.’”可知，Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。故选C。‎ ‎2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段前两句“The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing. The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.”可知，住在城市里的人的数量在增长，想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长，因此推断，Sullivan女士说：在小花园里，屋顶上和室内，他们种植水果、蔬菜、谷物和药草，并饲养动物产奶、产蛋，蜂蜜和肉。因此推断“they”指的是“城市居民”。故选B。‎ ‎3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.”可知，Brooklyn Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。故选D。‎ ‎4. 标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述城市里的都市农场，城市居民利用有限的空间，充分利用屋顶，花园和室内种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草，并饲养动物。随着更多都市农场的出现，城市居民也可以得到更新鲜的食材。故选A。‎ VI.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ As a famous saying goes, “A friend is a present which you give yourself.” A true friend is someone （和你能分享生活、思想和情感的人）____________________________________. When we get into trouble, our friends always help us out. That’s why someone says “Friends are the sunshine of life”.‎ ‎(为了交朋友)________________________, we should be honest and helpful. In this way we can make a favorable impression on others, which makes it possible for others to be friends with us. At the same time, when our friends are in need, we should give them a helping hand as well.‎ We all need friends. So let’s treasure our friends to enjoy life to the fullest.‎ 答案：‎ 1. with whom we can share our life, thoughts and feelings.(定语从句)‎ 2. In order to make friends（不定式作目的状语）‎