英语卷·2018届江苏省泰州中学高三12月月考（2017-12）解析版 30页

江苏省泰州中学 2018 届高三 12 月月考 英语试题 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。 第 1 部分听力（共两节，满分 20 分） 第一节（共 5小题；每小题 1分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who was badly hurt? A. A taxi driver. B. A truck driver. C. A passer-by. 2. What is the weather like at the moment? A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. 3. Why does the women prefer the brick house? A. The yard is larger. B. It is prettier. C. It is bigger. 4. How does the woman suggest the man go to work? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By subway. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A tour experience. B. A travel plan. C. A happy family. 第二节（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the woman doing? A. Offering help. B. Asking the way. C. Making an invitation. 7. Where is the bus station? A. On Main Street. B. On First Street. C. On Park Street. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. What was the woman’s major at university? A. Arts. B. Education. C. English. 9. How many credit hours should the woman take in the Education Department? A. 15. B. 30. C. 45. 10. What do we know about the woman? A. She likes to read fiction. B. She has got a Master’s degree C. She has strong English background. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Co-workers. C. Doctor and nurse. 12. What does the man want to do? A. Go to college. B. Play some games. C. Work on some insurance business. 13. What is the woman’s attitude towards the man’s decision in the end? A. Opposed. B. Indifferent. C. Supportive. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14. How many people does the man introduce to the woman? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. 15. What do we know about Danny? A. He is a security guard. B. He is Helen’s assistant. C. He is the man’s boss. 16. What does Ben look like? A. He is a bit overweight. B. He wears short brown hair. C. He has a round face. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. At what time of the school term does the talk most probably take place? A. At the end of it. B. In the middle of it. C. At the beginning of it. 18. What does today’s assignment require the students to do? A. Figure out some unknown matter. B. Become familiar with chemicals and gases. C. Know about laboratory procedures and equipment. 19. Who will grade the students’ lab reports? A. DrGibbler. B. Ivan Allen. C. Dr Isaac. 20. Why does the speaker tell the story about Newton? A. To explain the illness of Newton. B. To encourage students to learn from Newton. C. To emphasize the need for proper safety caution. 第 2 部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 1. --What do you think we should do after dinner? -- Why don’t we get beer at the Karaoke bar don the street? It is kind of fun to hear all the birds singing. A. a; 不填 B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：--你认为我们晚饭后应该做什么？--为什么不到街上的卡拉 OK 喝杯啤酒呢？听到所有的乐队唱歌是一种乐趣。口语中 表示一杯啤酒的时候啤酒可数 冠词 用 a ， fun 是不可数名词 不加冠词，选 A。 考点：考查冠词 2. Last month, part of Britain was struck by snowstorms, from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot, especially those with children. A. which. B. what C. that D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，英国的一部分地区遭到暴风雪袭击，在 Heathrow 的多数路人遭受到它的影响，特别是那些孩子。此处 snowstorms 是先行词，在后面的定语 从句中做定语，故答案为 D。 3. --I wonder what makes you a good salesperson. --I as a waiter for three years, which contribute a lot to my today’s work. A. serve B. have served C. had served D. served 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：考查时态。根据句意，做服务员是过去发生的事，因此才说对现在销售 员的工作产生很多帮助，用过去式即可，句意：我想知道什么使你成为一个好的销售员。我 当服务员三年，这对我现在的工作很有帮助。故选 D 考点：考查时态 4. Visitors took all the trouble with all well arranged by the travel agency. A. for everything B. for something C. for nothing D. for anything 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：旅行社把一切安排得很好，来访者把所有的麻烦都看成是免 费的。for nothing 免费，故选 C。 5. --How long do you expect it before the African can keep the disease under control? --As soon as possible. A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。上句：你预测非洲人需要多长时间控制住疾病？下句：尽快。固定句式： It will be +一段时间+before ----，多久之后将会---，可知句子用一般将来时态，故选 C。 【名师点睛】 before 的连词用法 conj. 在......前，强调时间 before 的含义比较灵活，实际翻译时应结合具体情况机动处理。 1.趁...... You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快做 它。 2. 尚未来得及 Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a ter rible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣 声。 Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒 了树，也冲倒了他们。 3. 要......先...... You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师，先作学生。 掌握 before 的热点句型用法 It was not long before...（过去）没过多久就...... It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 ............................................. It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 6. Next door to ours , who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time. A. are living a black couple B. live a black couple C. are a black couple living D. do a black couple live 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装句。Next door to ours 是做地点状语，置于句首时句子要全部倒装，即 主谓倒装，句意：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。故选 B。 7. --Look at the noisy kids! --Haven’t you heard the saying “ ”? A. There’s plenty of fish in the sea B. All that glitters is not gold C. When the cat is away D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 【答案】C 【解析】考查谚语。A. There’s plenty of fish in the sea 天涯何处无芳草； B. All that glitters is not gold 闪光的未必都是金子; C. When the cat is away 山中无老虎, 猴子来称王； D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 双鸟在林不如一鸟在 手。上句：看这吵闹的孩子。下句：你没听说过“山中无老虎,猴子来称王”？根据句意可 知选 C。 【名师点睛】 完全倒装 完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前，其中主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装，这种结 构中谓语部分无助动词（ be ， do ， have ）和情态动词，但可以有连系动词 be 。须用 完全倒装的情况有： 1. 当句首为副词 out ， in ， up ， down ， off ， here ， there 等，且主语为名词 时，应用完全倒装。如： In came the doctor. 医生进来了。 2. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。如： On top of the hill stands a big pine tree. 山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。 3. 在 there be 结构中， there 为引导词， be 动词之后为句子的主语，属完全倒装， be 应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外，能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem ， exist ， happen ， appear ， live ， stand 等。如： There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. 上周日公园里有很多人。 4. 作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对比较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前 置时，句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如： Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon. 中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。 5. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装（或部分倒装）。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China! 中国共产党万岁！ May you succeed! 祝你成功！ 8. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意：你要是被解雇了，你的健康护理和其他的利益就会被立刻取消。 本题的虚拟语气是条件状语从句中与将来相反的虚拟语气，从句里可以使用 should+动词原 形。省略了 if，后面的句中使用部分倒装。故 B 正确。 考点：考查虚拟语气 9. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地 关掉电视，你会怎么想？It 作形式宾语，指代 If 后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句， 一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句 you would like______.分析句子结构知道 like 之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案 选 it。 【考点定位】考查代词 It 视频 10. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and review of the case. A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A 项“综合的， 全面的，有理解力的”；B 项“复杂的”；C 项“有意识的”；D 项“至关重要的”。故选 A 项。 考点：形容词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利 用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。例如：conduct a comprehensive review“进行一次综合审查”，a comprehensive knowledge of “广泛的 知识”，“comprehensive evaluation“综合评价”。 视频 11. Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示 你是有防范的。A 意为拿走； B 意为扔掉；C 意为放好；D 意为泄露，而且和 send out 同 义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是一样的(away)， 不同的是动词，正确理解四是个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。Take 意为拿走， throw 意为扔掉，Put 意为放，give 意为给。根据句意可以排除 ABC，所以得出答案为 D。 【考点定位】考查动词短语搭配 视频 12. --I’ve given up smoking already, darling. --You should have taken the doctor’s advice years ago. , anyway. A. Better late than never B. It’s easier said than done C. No pains, no gains D. Well begun is half done 【答案】A 【解析】考查谚语。A. Better late than never 亡羊补牢; 迟做比不做好； B. It’s easier said than done 说起来容易做起来难；C. No pains, no gains 不劳无获； D. Well begun is half done 好的开端是成功的一半。上句：我已经放弃吸烟了。下句：三年前你 就该听医生的建议。不管怎样，迟做比不做好。根据句意可知答案为 A。 13. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：本题考查动词的时态。 结合句意“阿尔伯特爱因斯坦生于 1879 年。作为一个孩子的时候，很少有人猜到他会成为 一个提出的理论能改变世界的科学家”可知，横线部分表示过去将要发生的动作，应用过去 将来时，仅有 C 项 was going to be 为过去将来时。故正确答案为 C。 考点：考查动词时态 体验真题 视频 14. Listening to music at home is one thing going to hear it live in quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选 D。分析 4 个 选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A 是动 词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D 是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。 分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选 D。 考点：考查动词非谓语 【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动 有所了解，另外也要对 hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句 子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。 视频 15. --Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party? --Well, you know he’s . A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a green horn 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定用法。句意：上句：为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？下句：你 知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A. an early bird 早起的鸟儿（比喻勤劳的人）；B. a wet blanket 扫兴的人和物； C. a lucky dog 幸运儿； D. a green horn 棘手的事情，难 对付的人。故选 B。 第 2 节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最洼选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays ___16___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and ___17___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the ___18___ of every modern city. In the home, many ___19___ devices are powered by electricity. ___20___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are ___21___ asleep, electricity is working for us, ___22___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely ___23___ to consider why or how they run——___24___ something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something ___25___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a ___26___,Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, ___27___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that ___28___ you were lucky enough not to be ___29___between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down ___30___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) ___31___ became as gloomy and uninviting ___32___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___33___ although the police had been ordered to ___34___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and ___35___ as anybody else. 16. A. that B. thus C. as D. so 17. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians 18. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface 19. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving 20. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently 21. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly 22. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving 23. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember 24. A. when B. if C. until D. after 25. A. did B. would C. could D. should 26. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill 27. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless 28. A. although B. when C. as D. even if 29. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked 30. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors 31. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute 32. A. like B. than C. for D. as 33. A. for B. and C. but D. or 34. A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in 35. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】电是日常生活的一部分， 如今， 我们已经习以为常， 以至于开灯或开电视时很 少仔细考虑电的问题。本文介绍关于电的使用问题。 16. A 考查固定搭配。句意为： 电是日常生活的一部分， 如今， 我们已经习以为常， 以 至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。 so…that…是固定搭配，意思是“如此…… 以至于……”，故答案为 A。 17. C 考查名词。A. car 汽车； B. truck 卡车； C. traffic 交通；D. pedestrians 行人。句意为：晚上灯光照亮的马路使人们自由通行，使交通畅通无阻。pedestrian 意为 “行人”，与空格前的 people 词义重复; car 和 truck 都指具体的车辆类型，含义过于 狭窄。综合考虑，此处应填 入 traffic。 18. B 句意为： 广告中使用的霓虹灯已经成为了每个现代化城市的一大特色。 appearance 意为 “外观” ； character 意为“特征，特色”；distinction 意为“区别”；surface 意为“表面”。根据句意，答案为 B。 19. D 考查形容词。A. money-saving 省钱的； B. time-saving 节省时间的； C. energy-saving 节能的； D. labor-saving 节省劳动力的。句意为：在家里，很多节省 劳动力的设备都是由电带动的。四个选项都是复合形容词，根据句意，此处填入 labour-saving 最合适。 20. C 句意为：即使当我们关上床头灯，睡得很熟时，电仍然在为我们工作……。only 意 为“只有”；rarely 意为 “少有地”；even 意为“即使”；frequently 意为“频繁地， 屡次地”。根据句意，此处应填入 even。 21. A 考查副词。A. fast 迅速地； B. quite 非常； C. closely 接近地；D. quickly 很快地。fast asleep 为固定搭配，意为“睡得很熟的”，故答案为 A。 22. D 考查动词。move 意为“移动”；start 意为“启动”；repair 意为“修复”；drive 意为“驱动，使机器运转”。此处 的动词与 our refrigerators 连用，填入 driving 最 合适，意为“使电冰箱正常运行”。 23. B 考查动词。trouble to do sth. 麻烦做某事；bother to do sth. 意为 “费心做某 事” ； hesitate to do sth.意为 “做某事犹豫不决” ； remember to do sth. 指“记 得去做某事”。此处是说，我们费心思考它们为什么或如何运行，故答案为 B。 24. C 考查连词。A. when 当---时候； B. if 如果； C. until 直到---为止； D. after 在---之后。句意：直到这些交通工具出问题时，我们才会费心思考它们为什么或如 何运行。前半句出现了 rarely，含否 定意义，与 until 搭配使用，意为“直到…… 才……”，故答案为 C。 25. A 考查助动词。句意为：1959 年的夏天，负责给纽约供电的发电厂真的出了问题。当 句子中没有其他的助动词时，可以在 动词前使用助动词 do 表示对该动作的强调，助动词 do 随人称和时态而变化。因此，did 符合题意。 26. D 考查名词。A. pause 暂停； B. terminal 终点； C. breakdown 故障； D. standstill 停住。句意为： 许多小时过去了， 生活几乎停滞不前。 come to a standstill 是固定搭配， 意为 “停住， 停滞不前” 。故选 D。 27. B 考查形容词。句意为：火车无法开动，车厢里的人坐在黑暗中无能为力，什么事也做 不了。incompetent 意为“没有能 力的, 不能胜任的”；powerless 意为“无能为力的”； hesitant 意为“迟疑不决的”；helpless 意为“无助的”。 此处指人处于停电的环境中 无能为力，什么事也做不了，因此答案为 B。 28. D 考查连词。 句意为： 电梯也停止工作， 即使你足够幸运， 没被困在两层楼之间， 也得自己不愉快地步行下楼梯。 although 意为“虽然”；when 意为“当……时”；as 意 为“像……一样”；even if 意为“即使，纵然”。通过分析上下文， 此处填入 even if 最 合适。 29. A 句意同上。trap 意为“困住，陷入困境”；place 意为“放置”；position 意为 “把……放在适当的位置”；lock 意为“把……锁起来”。根据上下文意思，此处应该选 A。 30. C 考查名词。A. steps 台阶； B. levels 水平； C. flights 楼梯； D. floors 地板。句意同上。a flight of stairs 是固定搭配，表示“（两个楼梯平台间的）一段楼 梯”，本题中考查的是复数 形式，故答案为 C。 31. B 考查名词。A. time 时间； B. instant 一会儿； C. point 要点； D. minute 分钟。in an instant 是固定搭配，意为“瞬间，马上”，意思相当于 immediately，故答 案为 B。in a minute 意为“很快，马上”，一般用于将来时，不符合句意，故排除。 32. D 考查固定结构。as…as…为固定搭配，表示“像……一样”，故答案为 D。 33. A 考查并列连词。句意为：人们害怕离开自己的房子，因为虽然警察被要求随时待命， 以防突发事件，但他们也像其他人一样 疑惑和无助。for 表示原因，and 表示并列关系， but 表示转折，or 表示选择。结合上下文，此处填入 for 最合适。 34. C 考查动词词组。句意同上。stand aside 意为“避开”；stand down 意为“从要职 上退下”；stand by 意为“做好准备， 待命”； stand in 意为“站立于，坐落于”。根 据上下文分析，此处应该指警察处于待命状态，故答案为 C。 35. B 句意同上。aimless 意为“漫无目的的”；helpless 意为“无助的”；unfocused 意 为“目光茫然的”； undecided 意为“尚未决定的”。根据句意，此处应选 B。 【名师点睛】 谓语动词的强调： 1.It is/was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/does 或 did。 e.g. Do sit down.务必请坐。 2.此种强调只用 do/does 和 did，没有别的形式；过去时用 did，后面的谓语动词用原形。 第 3 部分：阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 A With the assistance of office volunteers, Doctors Without Borders / Médecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF) can reduce administration expenses and fully apply resources to help more populations worldwide. Office volunteers usually assist us with our clerical work including data entry, letter mailing and information arrangement in MSF-HK office during office hours. You are also welcome to assist us by doing translation, research, designing publications, producing video clips, and other projects according to your schedule at home. We also need volunteers for our events like the MSF Orienteering Competition and our exhibitions to take photographs, and to head reception counters or information booths（咨询台）. If you are interested in volunteering for MSF-HK office, please look through our volunteer vacancies below. ·Donor Services Volunteer We are looking for a regular volunteer to help our Donor Services Unit with various data entry work and update the database through making outbound calls to the donors and supporters. ·General volunteers Apart from specific volunteer vacancies, MSF-HIK also need general volunteers with greater adaptability to assist clerical work or event organization. Should you be interested in joining us as general volunteers, please simply upload your personal information to our volunteer database. Depending on our workload, we will search for volunteers who fit that skill set requirement and time frame, and further contact them for work arrangement. ·Join our volunteer database The personal information you provide in the application form will be stored in our volunteer database, and will only be used for the purposes of our voluntary work arrangement and the communication with you. Should there be a suitable match, we will notify you by email or phone. For suggestions or inquiries about our voluntary services, please feel free to contact us. (Tel: 2959 4229; Email: volunteerhongkong.msf.org) 36. According to the passage, office volunteers for MSF-HK . A. usually needn’t work overtime B. should master at least two languages C. are required to complete their task in the office D. may have received a handwritten letter of appointment 37. MSF-HK’s job arrangement for office volunteers is . A. permanent B. vague C. flexible D. private 【答案】36. A 37. C 【解析】本文招聘 MSF-HIK 办公室志愿者。并介绍了作为志愿者应做的工作。 36. A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 Office volunteers usually assist us with our clerical work including data entry, letter mailing and information arrangement in MSF-HK office during office hours.可知，MSF-HK 的志愿者工作不需要加班。故选 A。 37. C 推理判断题。根据本文第二、三段可知，为志愿者 MSF-HK 的工作安排是灵活的。故选 C。 B After a fight and before forgiveness often comes an apology. But saying “I'm sorry” comes more easily for some people than it does for others. Character is vital in creating a sincere apology. Those who lack character are not up to the task. They may try to give apologies that sound genuine. They may even use fancy words, but a real apology demands character. A new study suggests that specific personality traits offer clues about whether a person is likely to offer a sincere apology. Psychologist Andrew Howell and his colleagues at Grant MacEwan University in Edmonton devised a questionnaire to measure a person’s willingness to beg someone’s pardon. They asked participants to indicate their level of agreement with a series of statements, such as “My continued anger often gets in the way of me apologizing” or “If I think no one will know what I have done, I am not likely to apologize.” The researchers then used the answers to determine every participant’s “proclivity（倾向））to apologize,” and they cross-referenced these scores with results from a variety of personality assessments. From the beginning, Howell was confident that people with high marks for compassion and agreeability would be willing apologizers-and the study results confirmed his hypothesis（假设）. But the experiment also turned up some surprising traits of the unrepentant（不思悔改的）. People with low self-esteem, for example, are less inclined to apologize, even though they probably feel bad after a conflict. Unlike people who experience guilt about a specific action and feel sorry for the person they have wronged, individuals who experience generalized shame may actually be feeling sorry for themselves. In contrast, “people who are sure of themselves have the capacity to confess to wrongdoing and address it,” Howell suggests. But just the right amount of self-esteem is key. The study also found that narcissists-people who, in Howell’s words, “are very egocentric, with an overly grand view of themselves”—were reluctant to offer an apology. The researchers were most surprised to find that a strong sense of justice was negatively correlated with a willingness to apologize, perhaps suggesting that contrition（忏悔）and “an eye for an eye” philosophy are incompatible（不能并 存的）, Reconciliation（和解）may end a conflict, but it cannot always settle a score. 38. What kind of people are more likely to apologize? A. Intelligent people. B. Confident people. C. People valuing fairness. D. People feeling sorry for themselves. 39. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests . A. an end of conflict doesn’t mean wrongdoers have been punished B. “an eye for an eye” philosophy cannot solve an argument C. only by deep regret can one learn the lesson of his wrongdoings D. unsatisfactory compromises cannot end a conflict peacefully 40. The study done by Andrew Howell and his colleagues reveals . A. what influences one to be a willing apologizer B. when people might apologize willingly C. what a willing apologizer is all about D. how to become a willing apologizer 【答案】38. B 39. A 40. A 【解析】人们做错事情是否会真诚地道歉取决于他们自身的性格。 38. B 细节理解题。根据第三至第六段中的研究结果可知，自信的人会主动道歉。故正确答案为 B。 39. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，具有强烈正义感与愿意主动道歉之间是负相关关系， “以牙还牙，以眼还眼”的人生哲学与幡然悔悟不能并存。对于具有强烈正义感的人来说， 和解也许意味着一场纷争的结束，但并没有让错误纠正，也没有让做错事情的人付出代价。 故正确答案为 A 项。 40. A 推理判断题。根据该研究的结果可知，这项研究揭示的是什么样的性格特质会影响一个人是 否愿意道歉。故正确答案为 A 项。 C It’s no surprise that Sony Corp. will finally stop producing Betamax videocassettes. Betamax transformed the world’s viewing habits 40 years ago but it was quickly beaten by another format, VHS. No new Betacam recorders have been available, even in Japan, for over 13 years. So why did the format last so long? It’s easy to blame corporate stubbornness. But the persistence of obsolescent （逐步废弃的）technologies goes beyond culture. It takes three forms: The first is pragmatic（实用主义的）. Many people, including owners of the latest devices, retain some old ones because they want to avoid some of the vulnerabilities of new equipment. Consider the often-ridiculed fax machine: A scanned document may be more convenient and cheaper to send than a fax, for example, but unencrypted （未加密的）personal information is obviously easy to hack online. Another pragmatic reason for using older devices is simply that they still work. Professional laboratory instruments and theatrical lighting systems with years of useful life ahead of them still operate with floppy disks, for example. And world’s military leaders, for all their fascination with advanced weapons, find it hard to part with older tough ones. The military historian David Edgerton, in his book The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900, argues that Hitler would have done better to build 24,000 fighter aircraft for the cost of his “wonder weapon” V-2 rocket program, and that the U.S. could have defeated Japan earlier if Manhattan Project funds had been used for more conventionally armed B-29s. A second reason for using older technology is aesthetic（有关美学的）. Where pragmatic users like saving money, aesthetic ones will gladly pay more for what they consider a higher quality or more authentic experience. Not too long ago, vinyl records（黑胶唱片）were associated with middle-aged purists; now they appeal to the younger generation as well. Sometimes, pragmatic choices change into aesthetic ones. Modern automatic transmissions offer better fuel economy than the few remaining U.S. stick shift models, and are now standard equipment on American-built cars. Yet remaining devotees still desire manual transmissions for the tactile（触觉的）experience of driving them. Paradoxically, the web and social media have also helped prolong the lives of old technologies, especially on aesthetic grounds. The page “Driving a Stick Shift” has over 10,000 Likes on Facebook. Amazon, eBay and modern search engines make it easy to find niche products in the US. The third conservative style might be called rescue technology. Many essential records and elements of audiovisual production have not been and won’t be digitized. Whereas the last American company to sell IBM card-reading machines, Cardamation Co., went out of business in 2012 after its owner’s death, the California Tab Card Co. still sells punch（打孔）cards. And at least one successful family-owned technology business, Sparkler Chemical Filters of Texas, still punches its business records. Public libraries have long abandoned exclusive use of card catalogues, and the last company preparing new cards discontinued them in October 2015, but there are still countless historic public and private records in file card format that must be preserved, and damaged cards replaced. Whatever the motive, saving old formats is a green reply to planned obsolescence and the electronic waste threat. So let’s toast, not mock, the Japanese Betamax fans who stayed loyal to the end. 41. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that . A. Betamax has less effect on people’s viewing habits than VHS B. Betamax videocassettes have been unavailable for many years C. the persistence of Betamax is bound to result from corporate stubbornness D. Betacam recorders have been dropped long before Betamax videocassettes are shelved 42. The underlined word “vulnerabilities” probably means . A. lack of what is needed or necessary B. feelings that something can be misused C. unclearness by virtue of being poorly expressed D. possibilities of being exposed to something undesirable 43. David Edgerton’s book is mentioned to highlight . A. the great power of advanced new weapons B. the shortcomings of obsolescent technologies C. the effectiveness of old equipment D. the high cost of building new devices 44. What can we learn from Paragraphs 3&4? A. Aesthetic users tend to prioritize experiences over prices. B. Pragmatic users are usually not so wealthy aesthetic users. C. Devotees of manual transmissions are attracted by their pragmatic value. D. Youthful music lovers spend more money on records than middle-aged purists. 45. The author’s attitude towards those who stick with outdated technology is one of A. appreciation B. disappointment C. sympathy D. skepticism 【答案】41. D 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. A 【解析】本文介绍过时技术持续的三个理由。 41. D 推理判断题。根据第一段中 Betamax transformed the world’s viewing habits 40 years ago but it was quickly beaten by another format, VHS. No new Betacam recorders have been available, even in Japan, for over 13 years 可知，在 Betamax 录像带被搁置以 前 Betacam 录像机已经被放弃了长时间。故选 D。 42. D 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句 Many people, including owners of the latest devices, retain some old ones because they want to avoid some of the vulnerabilities of new equipment.很多人，包括最新设备的拥有者，保留一些旧的因为他们想避免一些新设备的漏 洞。由关键词 avoid 和 new equipment 根据常识可知，是要避免一些不好的东西，故选 D。 43. C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 The military historian David Edgerton, in his book The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900, argues that Hitler would have done better to build 24,000 fighter aircraft for the cost of his “wonder weapon” V-2 rocket program, and that the U.S. could have defeated Japan earlier if Manhattan Project funds had been used for more conventionally armed B-29s. David Edgerton 的书被提到是为了突出旧设备的有效性。故选 C。 44. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中 Where pragmatic users like saving money, aesthetic ones will gladly pay more for what they consider a higher quality or more authentic experience.可知，审美使用者倾向于优先考虑经历而不是价格。故选 A。 45. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Whatever the motive, saving old formats is a green reply to planned obsolescence and the electronic waste threat. So let’s toast, not mock, the Japanese Betamax fans who stayed loyal to the end.可知，作者对那些坚持过时技 术的人的态度是欣赏的。故选 A。 D Are we trapped in the present, free to move in space yet unable to travel in the fourth dimension（次元）? Or is there a chance or a glimmer of a possibility that the past and future could unfurl（展开）to our physical experience at will? James Gleick’s latest offering Time Travel: A History sets out to question the questions, exploring how the idea of time travel emerged, held our imaginations and shaped our society. From the start it is apparent who the hero of this journey is. “One way or another, the inventions of Mr. H.G. Wells colour every time-travel story that followed,” writes Gleick, pointing out that while a small number of earlier stories explored utopian（鸟托邦的）futures, it was him who, with his 1895 work, got to the practical details of the mater in knocking up a time machine. It’s easy to forget that time travel is a relatively recent idea. As Gleick points out, for most of human history, change was incremental-yesterday looked much like today, today much like tomorrow. “Before futurism could be born, people had to believe in progress,” he writes. The development of technology, resulting in the industrial revolution, made that possible. With a great many changes, the future, and what it might look like, became a subject for meditation. And as archaeology developed, writers like E Nesbit began flights of fancy to the past, too. Embraced by novelists, wrestled with by philosophers and informed by science—not least Hermann Minkowski’s revelation, following Einstein’s breakthrough, of four-dimensional space-time-the possibility that the arrow of time could be tinker（走街串巷的小炉匠）became a meme（口头禅）. From fiction writers such as Robert Heinlein, to F Scott Fitzgerald and his The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, from Terminator to Dr Who, events in the future which are affected by imaginary developments in science blossomed the literary world. As Gleick reveals, problems and paradoxes（看似矛盾而可能正确的说法）were immediately put forward. Is our future governed by fate, or free will? Does time travel always mean ending up naked, with your clothes left in the present? “All the paradoxes are time loops（循环）. They all force us to think about causality, the relationship of cause and effect.” Among those doing the thinking are philosophers and scientists. Attempting to tackle the idea that wormholes-tunnels in space-time-could be turned into time machines allowing journeys into the past, even Stephen Hawking has entered the heated discussion, concluding that the laws of physics are against it. Gleick navigates the twists and turns of our fascination with time travel, investigating its evolution in literature, exploring scientific principles that have hinted at or contradicted the idea, and teasing the curious spell it has cast across society with its suggestion of immortality（永生）. But, as he notes, not every product of this obsession with time was hard to understand. “The time capsule（时间胶囊）is a characteristically 20th-century invention: a tragicomic time machine. It lacks an engine, goes nowhere, sits and waits,” he writes, surveying various attempts to send snapshots（快照）of civilisation into the future. Indeed, it’s hard to know whether disappointment, amusement or simply confusion will be the dominant emotion when the Crypt of Civilisation time capsule at Oglethorpe in Atlanta is opened in 8113 AD. Created in 1936, its contents include voice recordings of historical figures. Not every idea of time travel is rooted in the physical, and Gleick explores how in the act of storytelling we mess with chronology（年代表）. “We don’t have enough tenses. Or rather, we don’t have enough names for all the tenses we create,” he writes of the complexity unleashed in literature by the concept. Readers, too, become time travellers, able to move at will backwards and forwards through a story. More than that, Gleick argues, books cannot be separated from time. Even if you know a book well -even if you can recite it, like the Homeric（荷马史诗的）poet 一 you cannot experience it as a timeless object. 46. What’s the author’s purpose in asking the two questions in the first paragraph? A. To arouse readers’ interest in reading the passage. B. To introduce the latest book by James Gleick. C. To stress the significance of scientific development. D. To encourage readers to explore the possibility of time travel. 47. The underlined word “incremental” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “ ”. A. gradual B. impossible C. unwelcome D. abrupt 48. Which of the following is unlikely to be science fiction? A. Dr Who. B. Terminator. C. Time Travel: A History. D. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. 49. What can we learn from the passage? A. People who return from time travel are often described as naked. B. Philosophers have firmly believed in the possibility of time travel. C. Stephen Hawking denies that wormholes can be tunnels for time travel. D. James Gleick thinks time travel can guarantee the everlastingness of one’s life. 50. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that . A. the voice recordings stored in Crypt of Civilisation may become unclear in 8113 B. exploring a book's historical background can help better understand its contents C. authors of sci-fi novels should draw a clear time line by adopting proper tenses D. James Gleick advises people to distinguish reality from imagination 【答案】46. B 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. B 【解析】本文介绍 James Gleick 的新书 Time Travel: A History。 46. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中 James Gleick’s latest offering Time Travel: A History sets out to question the questions, exploring how the idea of time travel emerged, held our imaginations and shaped our society.可知，作者在第一段提出两个问题的目的是为 了介绍 James Gleick.的新书。故选 B。 47. A 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句 It’s easy to forget that time travel is a relatively recent idea 很容易忘记，时间旅行是一个相对较新的想法。.和第二句中 yesterday looked much like today, today much like tomorrow. 昨天看起来很像今天，今天很像明天。可 知，在人类历史的大部分时间里，变化都是渐进式的。故选 A。 48. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中 James Gleick’s latest offering Time Travel: A History sets out to question the questions, exploring how the idea of time travel emerged, held our imaginations and shaped our society.可知，Time Travel: A History.不可能是科 幻小说。故选 C。 49. C 推理判断题。根据第六段中 Attempting to tackle the idea that wormholes-tunnels in space-time-could be turned into time machines allowing journeys into the past, even Stephen Hawking has entered the heated discussion, concluding that the laws of physics are against it.可知，Stephen Hawking 否认虫洞可以穿越时间的隧道。故选 C。 50. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句 as he notes, not every product of this obsession with time was hard to understand. 正如他所指出的，并不是每一个痴迷于时间的产品都 难以承受。和最后一段第一句 Not every idea of time travel is rooted in the physical, and Gleick explores how in the act of storytelling we mess with chronology（年代 表）. 并不是所有关于时间旅行的想法都植根于物理上，Gleick 探讨了我们在讲故事的时 候如何处理年表。可知，探究一本书的历史背景有助于更好地了解它的历史。故选 B。 第四部分：任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填 1 个单词。 Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock（牲畜）in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces, with a view to supplying them to the livestock market. It took root in the later part of the 19th century. On the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, the inventions of antibiotics and pesticides were increasing in number, which made it possible to practice factory farming. And gradually, with better farming methods, livestock were able to be raised indoors leading to mass production in a shorter while. Nowadays, according to reliable sources, more than 50% of the livestock are produced using this concept. Factory farming is one of the most important food production methods around the world today because it has a lot of advantages. For example, there are huge numbers of mouths to feed, and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and the related items. Since the items aren’t priced too high for consumers to afford, people appreciate buying them in a large number. And as more and more livestock are artificially raised, more and more chicken, beef and eggs are out for sale. The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced, the produce fetches a profit for the farms. In addition, since the business is enormous and needs as many hands as possible to increase the food produce, an equal number of staff are required for work, which results in a growth in the related jobs. However, there are also disadvantages of factory farming. For instance, the animals are artificially bred, and since the procedure is not natural, the end products could be of poor quality. Antibiotics are injected into cows and hens, making them more unlikely to suffer from dirt and disease. As a result, the eggs and meat will not be as good as usual. The products thus obtained are of such low quality, which ultimately affects our health as well. Actually, since the entire production is artificial, the meat is overloaded with hormones（激素）and drugs, and the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics, which is why many diseases remain untreated. Worse still, the animals’ waste can pollute the water and air, causing extensive damage to the environment. It may also lead to harmful emissions and contribute to the already increasing global warming. Because of the above advantages and disadvantages of factory farming, the concept has been a subject of massive debate all over the world, wherever this practice has been employed. Supporters of this concept argue that it does provide enough food for the increasing population and is more affordable. However, unfavorable opinions suggest that there are better ways of producing food, rather than subjecting animals to this suffering. The debate has been going on for quite a while, with no one being able to gain the upper hand. Factory Farming Definition Factory farming refers to raising so many farm animals in a ____51____ space to meet the requirements of people’s daily life. Background With more antibiotics and pesticides ____52____, factory farming came into being in the late 19 th century. As farming methods improved, factory farming____53____ mass production in a shorter while. Over half of the livestock are produced through factory farming at the present time. Advantages Factory farming produces more food to feed a large____54____. The items produced through factory farming are ____55____ for ordinary consumers. The higher purchase rate makes factory farming ____56____, in the spite of reasonable price. Factory farming contributes to an increasing number of working ____57____. Disadvantages The animals aren’t____58____ brought up, so the quality of the end products could not be good enough. Antibiotics are injected into the animals, which makes bacteria____59____ to drugs and leaves many diseases untreated. Debate Some people support this concept, while some others are against it because they think food should be produced in better ways. The debate has____60____ long, but neither side has got the edge over the other. 【答案】51. limited 52. Invented 53. Caused 54. population 55. affordable/ inexpensive/cheap 56. profitable 57. opportunities 58. naturally 59. resistant 60. lasted 【解析】本文介绍了工厂化农业的优势和劣势。这一概念在全世界引起了广泛的争论，辩论 持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。 51. 根据第一段第一句 Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock（牲畜）in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces,可知，工 厂化农业是指在有限的空间内饲养如此多的家畜来满足人们日常生活的需要。故答案为 limited。 52. 根据第一段中 On the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, the inventions of antibiotics and pesticides were increasing in number, which made it possible to practice factory farming.可知，随着更多的抗生素和杀虫剂的发明，这使工厂化耕作成 为可能。答案为 invented。 53. 根据第一段倒数第二句 gradually, with better farming methods, livestock were able to be raised indoors leading to mass production in a shorter while.可知，随 着耕作方法的改进，工厂化农业使大规模生产缩短了时间。根据句意答案为 caused。 54. 根据第二段第二句 there are huge numbers of mouths to feed, and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and the related items.可知，工厂化的农业生产出 更多的食物来养活大量的人口。根据句意可知答案为 population。 55. 根据第二段中 Since the items aren’t priced too high for consumers to afford, people appreciate buying them in a large number. 工厂化生产的产品对普通消费者来 说是便宜的。故答案为 affordable/ inexpensive/cheap。 56. 根据第二段中 The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced, the produce fetches a profit for the farms.可知，尽管合理的价格，较高的采购率使 工厂化的农业有利可图。可知答案为 profitable。 57. 根据第二段最后一句 since the business is enormous and needs as many hands as possible to increase the food produce, an equal number of staff are required for work, which results in a growth in the related jobs.可知，工厂化耕作有助于增加工 作机会。故答案为 opportunities。 58. 根据第三段第二句中 since the procedure is not natural, the end products could be of poor quality.可知，这些动物不是自然养大的，因此，最终产品的质量是不够好的。 故答案为 naturally。 59. 根据第三段中 and drugs, and the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics, which is why many diseases remain untreated. 动物体内注射抗生素，这使细菌对药物 产生耐药性，使许多疾病不受治疗。可知答案为 resistant。 60. 根据最后一段最后一句 The debate has been going on for quite a while, with no one being able to gain the upper hand.可知，辩论持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。 故答案为 lasted。 第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分） 61. 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 请认真阅读下面有关我国共享汽车情况的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Numbers of Shared Cars in China and Tendency Car-sharing is catching on Car-sharing is a new concept. Previously, car ownership helped to develop China’s economy and its cities. But now people have found that it has led to traffic jams and other challenges to the environment and economy. Conversely, car sharing serves as a model to provide car access without the requirement of ownership. Unlike traditional car-rentals over the counter, car-sharing refers to services where users can gain access to vehicles, often by the hour, online. The cars are usually parked at designated parking lots, where drivers can get to and return them. More than 40 companies in China currently offer car-sharing services, while most cars are new energy vehicles. China’s Ministry of Transport has recently voiced its support for the development of the car-sharing industry. 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容； 2. 谈谈推广共享汽车的益处（上述文字仅供参考）； 3. 就如何促进共享汽车的健康发展提两条建议。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】As we can see from the diagram, in 2016,China only possessed 28,000 shared cars. It is predicted that the number will continue to rise and by 2020, as many as 300,000 such cars will be put onto the market. Accelerating the development of car-sharing industry does have its own advantages. Not only does it provide an alternative for people to get around but it will also help to shrink the ever increasing scale of private cars. Thus, car-sharing service does its part to ease urban traffic and reduce air pollution. As to how to achieve a sustainable development for car-sharing service, here are some suggestions. On the one hand, the government should strengthen its guidance and monitoring. On the other hand, enterprises themselves should improve their online and offline service abilities, such as ensuring the safety of customers’ private information and building more parking lots and charging posts. 【解析】试题分析：本书面表达是一篇图表写作。本书面表达的要求考生首先用约 30 个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容，然后再给出自己的评判。认真阅读有关我国共享汽车情 况的柱状图及相关文字，谈谈推广共享汽车的益处，并就如何促进共享汽车的健康发展提两 条建议。 首先，概括部分考查了学生的概括能力，学生再概括的时候要注意语言的精炼性，要点要齐 全。其次，阐述的理由或论据要简洁明了，层次分明。最后， 对自己的观点要作出总结。 【亮点说明】 本文是一篇图表作文。文章能较好地反映图表要表达的用意，语言流畅，结构严谨，文中使 用高级词汇和句子。As we can see from the diagram, in 2016,China only possessed 28,000 shared cars 句中 as 引导非限制性定语从句；It is predicted that the number will continue to rise and by 2020,主语从句做真正的主语；Accelerating the development of car-sharing industry does have its own advantages 动名词做主语，句中强调谓语运用 巧妙；Not only does it provide an alternative for people to get around but it will also help to shrink the ever increasing scale of private cars.部分倒装堪称经典； 另外，as many as，Thus, As to，On the one hand, On the other hand,等的运用为文章 增色添彩。