2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：十五Module3TheViolenceofNature外研版必修3 11页

核心素养测评十五 Module 3 The Violence of Nature Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A ‎　　The ozone hole that opens every year over the Antarctic is on course to be the smallest in three decades, scientists have said. ‎ ‎　　Researchers say the hole is also a particularly unusual shape this year, being heavily skewed(扭曲) towards South America instead of centring on the South Pole. According to the British Antarctic Survey, the hole had reached an area of 11 million square kilometres in early September, when the annual “spring warming” event kicked in much earlier than usual. In 2018, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres. In 2002, the polar vortex split in two, creating two separate ozone holes over the continent. ‎ ‎　　Anna Jones, a scientist at the British Antarctic Survey, told The Independent the shape of the hole this year was “very unusual”. She said, “This is a pretty new phenomenon. It could be a multiple collection of factors. ”‎ ‎　　Satellite records for the polar vortex in Antarctica go back to the late 1970s, but the 2002 split vortex is the only other major change. “Scientists haven’t quite figured it out yet. . . there are various things they can look at, but it’s certainly very unusual, ” Dr Jones said. ‎ ‎　　Dr Jones said the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole in the long term was continuing to clampdown on the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction. She also warned people living in South America could now be at risk from dangerous UV radiation as the ozone has thinned. “The key thing is that the gases that destroy ozone are still around, still in the atmosphere, ” she said. “I doubt we will see this again next year. We can’t be relieved, it absolutely doesn’t mean the ozone hole is never going to be seen again. ” ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜。‎ ‎1. What can be a suitable title for the text? ‎ 11‎ A. The Strangely Shaped Antarctic Ozone Hole B. The Terrible Environmental Pollution in the World C. The Great Damage Done to the Environment in Antarctic D. The Risk of Dangerous UV Radiation in the Atmosphere ‎【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜, 与A项一致, 故选A。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined part “clampdown on” in the last paragraph mean? ‎ A. increase　　B. limit　　C. pour　　D. release ‎【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole”和“. . . the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction”可知, 此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人造化学品, 故选B。‎ ‎3. What can we learn according to the passage? ‎ A. The ozone hole over the Antarctic will not be seen again. ‎ B. The polar vortex in Antarctica first happened to the late 1970s. ‎ C. In 2002, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres. ‎ D. The annual “spring warming” event usually kick in later than early September. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误; 根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星记录可以追溯到20世纪70年代末而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于此时间, 故B项错误; 根据第二段第三句话可知C项错误; 根据第二段第二句话中的“. . . in early September, when the annual “spring warming” event kicked in much earlier than usual. ”可知D项正确, 故选D。‎ ‎4. The passage can be read from　　　.  ‎ A. An environment newspaper B. A fashion magazine C. An entertainment magazine D. A school textbook ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现, 故选A。‎ B A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1, 240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, ‎ 11‎ the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10, 000 nuclear bombs. ‎ The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea surface temperature exceeds 27℃ and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere. ‎ Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain—releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane. ‎ When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm. ‎ Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90, 000 square miles in its wake—almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of the damage may top $100 billion. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了飓风的形成过程以及卡特里娜飓风。‎ ‎5. What is the eye of a hurricane? ‎ A. A native American storm god. ‎ B. A rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter. ‎ C. A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter. ‎ D. A storm that can release as much energy as 10, 000 nuclear bombs. ‎ 11‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. 可知, 飓风的特征是其中心的无风区域气压低, 直径在12到60英里之间, 被称作风眼。故选C。‎ ‎6. Which of the following will have nothing to do with the hurricane formation in the second paragraph? ‎ A. The tropical waters are warm and calm. ‎ B. The sea surface temperature exceeds 27℃. ‎ C. There are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. ‎ D. The atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知, 飓风形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在温暖的热带水面之上。只有当海平面的温度超过27摄氏度并且周围的空气稳定时, 飓风才能形成并壮大。由此可知B、C、D三项和飓风的形成有关, 和A项没有关系。‎ ‎7. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface? ‎ A. High pressure. B. Low pressure. ‎ C. Wind. D. Cold air. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段的When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. 可知, 当海平面的柱状暖气流首次开始上升时, 它会引起一片低气压区。‎ ‎8. What can we know about Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph? ‎ A. The area affected is twice the size of the UK. ‎ B. It left a disaster zone of 90, 000 square kilometers. ‎ C. Half a million people are forced to leave the area. ‎ D. The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression可知, 五十多万人被迫离开家园。故选C。‎ ‎【知识拓展】背景链接 the great depression(大萧条)‎ 大萧条是指1929年至1933年之间发源于美国,‎ 11‎ ‎ 并后来波及整个资本主义世界的经济危机。大萧条期间, 美国约有200-400万中学生中途辍学; 许多人忍受不了生理和心理的痛苦而自杀; 社会治安日益恶化。其中最重要的问题是失业。在美国, 失业人口总数达到了830万, 在美国各城巿, 排队领救济食品的穷人长达几个街区。‎ Ⅱ. 阅读填句 ‎(2020·汉中模拟)‎ 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The “Chong Yang Festival” is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. 　1　.  ‎ Climbing Mountains People like to climb mountains on this festival, so Double Ninth Festival is also called “Mountain-climbing Festival”. ‎ The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing. 　2　. It is really refreshing to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn.  ‎ Climbing mountains also indicates “climbing to a higher position”. Another reason why climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is that it has a meaning of “climbing to longevous life”. Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty. 　3　.  ‎ Drinking Chrysanthemum Flower(菊花) Wine The chrysanthemum flower wine is unique in brewing. In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. 　4　. The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, drop of high blood pressure, reduction of weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus contributing to longevity.  ‎ ‎　5　 ‎ The Double Ninth cake is also known as “flower cake”. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the cake was originally prepared after autumn harvests for farmers to have a taste of what was just in season, and it gradually grew into ‎ 11‎ the present cake for people to eat on the Double Ninth Day. ‎ A. Eating Double Ninth Cake B. Making “flower cake” with friends C. A lot of poems were devoted to this custom D. So people love to go sightseeing this month E. It would not be drunk until the same day next year F. Here are some traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival G. But few Chinese people are aware of the importance of the festival ‎【文章大意】本文介绍的是中国的传统节日重阳节。文中介绍了重阳节的时间、历史起源、为什么叫重阳节及人们怎么庆祝重阳节。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选F。文章介绍了重阳节的一些习俗, F项符合文意, 故选F。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选D。根据前边The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing农历九月, 秋高气爽, 空气清新, 是观光的好时节。抓住关键词sightseeing, 后边也涉及了sightseeing, 所以人们喜欢这个月去观光, 故选D。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选C。根据前边Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty重阳节登山在唐代就已经流行了。可知后边要说到流行的证据, 也就是很多诗都是关于这一习俗的, 故选C。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选E。根据前边In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine. 在古代, 人们通常在9月9日采摘新鲜的菊花和叶子, 然后把它们和谷物混合到酒里。介绍了菊花酒的酿造, 要到来年的这一天, 才拿出来喝, 故选E。‎ ‎5. 【解析】选A。段首标题句, 一般是名词短语或祈使句。根据后边对重阳糕的介绍, 可知这一部分主要介绍了重阳糕这一食物, 故选A。‎ Ⅲ. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 11‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; ‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ In recent years great changes have been taken place in my hometown. Ten years before, the small and low houses that lie on the north of the lake produced much waste. As the result, the lake was seriously polluted. To the west was a sandy field, what was the source of dust. Even worst, a brickyard on the southwest of the lake used a great deal good soil. Now the poor houses have been replaced by green trees but the brickyard by tall buildings. The sandy field the villagers used to dig is covering with fruit trees. Tourists from nearby towns often spend the weekend boat on the lake. ‎ 答案: ‎ 11‎ ‎1. 【解析】第一句去掉been。take place不能用于被动语态。 ‎ ‎【知识拓展】不能用于被动语态的一些动词短语belong to, consist of, date back to, date from, break out, come about, get through, run out等。‎ ‎2. 【解析】第二句before→ ago。“时间段+ago”与一般过去时连用; “时间段+before”常与过去完成时连用。‎ ‎3. 【解析】第二句lie→lay。此处讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. 【解析】第三句As后面的the→a。as a result是固定短语, 表示“因此”。‎ ‎5. 【解析】第四句what→which。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰a sandy field。what不能引导定语从句。‎ ‎6. 【解析】第五句worst→worse。even worse表示“更糟糕的是” 。even修饰比较级。‎ ‎7. 【解析】第五句deal后面加of。a great deal of是固定短语, 表示“许多”, 修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎【知识拓展】只能修饰不可数名词的表示“许多, 一些”的词语much, a large amount of, ‎ 11‎ ‎ amounts of, a little。‎ ‎8. 【解析】第六句but→ and。此处前后是并列关系。‎ ‎9. 【解析】第七句covering→ covered。be covered with被……覆盖着。‎ ‎10. 【解析】第八句boat→ boating。此处boat是动词, 表示“划船”。根据spend some time doing sth. 可知用boating。‎ 阅读理解 ‎　　Global warming is no longer a threat—it is a reality. Most global warming has been caused by the production of greenhouse gases, in particular, carbon dioxide (CO2). Whenever we turn on the TV, drive a car or take a flight, we add more CO2 to the atmosphere. Today we talk to environmental campaigner Gina Freeman about carbon emissions(排放物). ‎ Q: Is it too late to do something about carbon emissions? ‎ A: No, it isn’t. And as soon as carbon emission decreases, air pollution will decrease. But unless we take action now, we can’t reduce the impact of global warming. ‎ Q: You’re particularly concerned about the increase in air travel—why? ‎ A: Air travel is a major source of carbon emissions. It’s estimated that by 2022 it will be the single biggest cause of global warming. I believe that we won’t prevent global warming until we stop flying. ‎ Q: So what can we do? ‎ A: Take holidays closer to home. If we don’t travel so far, we’ll reduce carbon emissions. And if we travel by train, we’ll only produce 12. 5% of the emissions of a flight. ‎ Q: But how do I visit my grandparents in Canada? I can’t get there by train! ‎ A: One solution is to“offset”, to balance, carbon emissions. For example, if you take a return London-Montreal flight, you will produce 1. 46 tonnes of CO2. If you pay an organization to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere by the same amount, you will offset your carbon emissions. There are several organizations which fund carbon offset projects. ‎ Q: What kind of projects? ‎ 11‎ A: For example, planning trees, which absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. ‎ Q: So it will be OK for me to fly if I plant enough trees. ‎ A: It’s better not to fly at all. But if you can’t avoid producing carbon, the next best thing is to offset it. In the future when we fly, we’ll pay a compulsory carbon tax. ‎ Q: Will carbon offset projects solve the problem of global warming? ‎ A: No, they won’t. But the situation won’t improve unless we all work together. And the future will look brighter when all governments agree to reduce carbon emissions. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文通过问答的方式告诉读者减少碳排放的方法。‎ ‎1. If we travel by train, we’ll only produce 　　　　of the emissions of a flight.  ‎ A. one quarter B. three fourths C. one eighth D. two fifths ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三个A: 后面的And if we travel by train, we’ll only produce 12. 5% of the emissions of a flight. 可知, 12. 5%也就是八分之一。‎ ‎2. We’ll have to 　　　　when we fly in the future according to the passage.  ‎ A. plant trees and flowers B. pay for offset projects C. cooperate with governments D. pay a carbon tax ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第六个A: 后面的 In the future when we fly, we’ll pay a compulsory carbon tax. 可知, 今后如果必须飞行, 要交碳排放税。‎ ‎3. What’s the main idea of the passage? ‎ A. The advantage of train travelling. ‎ B. Air pollution and carbon offset projects. ‎ C. Carbon emissions by trains and planes. ‎ D. Global warming and government efforts. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文通过问答的方式告诉读者, 碳排放造成大气污染, 减少碳排放的方法就是不要坐飞机而是乘火车。‎ 11‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. greenhouse gas　　　 温室气体 ‎2. in particular 尤其 ‎3. campaigner n. 运动领导者 ‎4. offset vt. 抵消 ‎5. absorb vt. 吸收 11‎