专题04短文改错-2017年高考英语备考优生百日闯关系列 12页

专题4 短文改错 方法与技巧 ‎ 高考短文改错的错误类型概括起来主要是语法错误、逻辑错误和搭配等方面的错误。 Ⅰ.语法错误 包括动词、名词、代词、主谓一致、非谓语动词及情态动词等方面的错误。 ‎1.名词:名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误，可数与不可数名词的混用。确定名词单复数有以下几种方法:看修饰语；看主谓语的一致性；可数名词前无单数修饰语一定要用复数；看其他限制。‎ ‎2.动词:时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接 ing形式的接了to，或相反等。对于这一类错误可根据上下文语境或者句子的平行结构确定动词时态。‎ ‎3.形容词、副词:常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where,when,why等的缺失或错用。根据形容词、副词的基本用法或句意确定错误。‎ ‎4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。‎ ‎5.主谓一致:主语为单数，动词用了复数；而主语为复数，动词却用了单数形式。再就是就近原则对主语的影响。‎ ‎6.冠词:主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a,an的混用等。‎ ‎7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。‎ ‎8.连词:不符合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。‎ 体验高考 ‎1. 2016·全国卷Ⅰ] ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多着(从第11处起)不计分。‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. ‎ ‎4．honest→honesty　此处指诚实是他成功的秘诀，故用名词形式。 ‎ ‎5．or→and　从句意判断是并列关系，把or改为and。‎ ‎6．using→used　此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来做”。‎ ‎7．becoming前加of　固定结构： dream of doing sth梦想做某事。 ‎ ‎8．the→a　固定短语：in a short time在短时间内。‎ ‎9．our→his　此处指叔叔的生意，用his指代。‎ ‎10．stead→steadily　修饰动词grow用副词形式。‎ ‎2. 2016·全国卷Ⅱ] ‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； ‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. ‎ ‎6. your→our　根据语境，此处应该使用our，与本句的主语we保持一致。‎ ‎7. knowledges→knowledge　knowledge是一个不可数名词，因此不能使用复数形式。‎ ‎8. 删除can或can→should　suggest作“建议”讲时后面的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”或者省略should。‎ ‎9. thought→think　本文全文都是一般现在时，因此这里也应该使用一般现在时。‎ ‎10. many→much　本句中的代词much代替不可数名词much money作动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词的复数形式。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【安徽省江南十校2017届高三下学期开年第一考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ During the National Day holiday, I paid a visit my grandma in the countryside. It has been almost two years since I last saw her. In my memory, my grandma was a hardworking but strong woman full of energy. Whenever she saw me, she always hugged me deep. But when I gave her a hug this time, I found that she was much short and thinner than before. Her back was become bent and her hairs turned white. But luckily, she was still health. She could laugh like a child. To my happy, she could cook some delicious food for me. I love my grandma. I know he will always be there, helping me and loving me.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.paid a visit∧ my加to ‎2.has---had ‎3.but--and ‎4.deep--deeply ‎5.short---shorter ‎6. become---去掉/becoming ‎7.hairs---hair ‎8.health--- healthy ‎9.happy--- happiness ‎10.he--she ‎4.deep—deeply 此处表示抽象概念“深深地”，故把deep—deeply。‎ ‎5.short---shorter 根据than可知用比较级，故把short---shorter。‎ ‎6.become---去掉/becoming 此处用一般过去时态的被动语态或现在进行时态的被动语态，故把become---去掉/becoming。‎ ‎7.hairs---hair 根据句意可知此处hair是不可数名词，故把hairs---hair。‎ ‎8.health--- healthy 形容词作表语，故把health--- healthy。‎ ‎9.happy--- happiness 形容词性物主代词my后面用名词，故把happy--- happiness。‎ ‎10.he—she 根据上文内容可知应该把he—she。‎ ‎2. 【河南省中原名校豫南九校2017届高三上学期第四次质量考评】假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 ‎ ‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧ ).并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线(）划掉。‎ ‎ 修改:在错的词下划一横线并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ ‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； ‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎ Interest is a kind of power that can drive people learn actively and happily. And it also makes learning more effective and efficiently.‎ ‎ I really appreciate the opinion. I begin to be crazy about English when I was a little boy. And I got interested in foreign culture and customs in particular to meet my curiosity. I read English stories，listened to English songs and watched English films on every day, all of that even seemed to be the “meal” of my daily life- As the result,‎ I always did very well in English exams.‎ ‎ In a word，interesting is the key to success. Anyone who are interested in something will devote himself to them.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.learn前加to ‎2.efficiently---efficient ‎3.bigin---began ‎4.culture---cultures ‎5.去掉on every day中的on ‎6.that---which ‎7.the---a ‎8.interesting---interest ‎9.are---is ‎10.them---it ‎ ‎5.去掉on every day中的on every day本身就是“在每天”的意思，故去掉on every day中的on。‎ ‎6.that---which 前面整个句子做先行词，后面的非限制性定语从句中，引导词做主语，名词或代词+of+(which指物；whom指人)，根据句意可知把that---which。‎ ‎7.the---a 固定词组：as a result结果，故把the---a。‎ ‎8.interesting---interest 句意：兴趣是成功的关键。用名词作主语，故把interesting---interest。‎ ‎9.are---is Anyone做先行词，在后面的定语从句中做主语，故把are---is。‎ ‎10.them---it something某事，按单数第三人称对待，所以用it代替，故把them---it ‎3. 【宁夏银川一中2017届高三上学期第五次月考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号() 并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ I asked George, a friend of mine was still alive after the earthquake, what had been happened. He said he had just got into bed at half past eleven when he felt the floor shaking over him. The bed started to shake and he saw electric light was moving. I asked him what he did then, and who replied that he got out of bed quick and went to look out of the window. As he looked, he saw the house to the other side ‎ of the street begin to shake, either. Then he knew which was happening. He seized her clothes and rushed out into the street.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.a friend of mine(后加who) was still alive ‎2.been（去掉）‎ ‎3.over（改under）‎ ‎4.saw（后加the）electric light ‎5.who（改he）‎ ‎6.quick（改quickly）‎ ‎7.to（改on）‎ ‎8.either（改too）‎ ‎9.which（改what）‎ ‎10.her（改his）‎ ‎4.saw（后加the）electric light 此处特指“电灯”，故在saw（后加the）electric light。‎ ‎5.who（改he） 根据and可知是并列句，故把who（改he）。‎ ‎6.quick（改quickly） 副词修饰动词，故把quick（改quickly）。‎ ‎7.to（改on） 句意：在接到的另一边，故把to（改on）。‎ ‎8.either（改too）此处是肯定句，表示“也”，故把either（改too）。‎ ‎9.which（改what） 此处宾语从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，故把which（改what）。‎ ‎10.her（改his）根据He可知把her（改his）。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ ‎1.英语中“发生”的词有：happen/take plce/break out/come about/occur，他们都是不及物动词，所以无被动语态。The story happened in 1998.‎ ‎2.too/also/as well在肯定句中表示“也”；either在否定句中表示“也”。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎ ‎4. 【2017年1月黄冈市高三考试】 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在该词下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Dear Sir or Madam,‎ News came which the teachers from Asheville School in America would pay a visit to our school for communication. Having read your requirements, I am willing to be one of the volunteer.‎ I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student. I think I am qualified of the job. I have a good command of oral English, which can make me to communicate with foreigners freely. What’s more, I was always ready to help others and full of spirit of devotion. Aimed to do the work well, I’d like to receive any necessary training, and do whichever our school requires. Believe me, I’ll make full preparation and there is no doubt that I will be an outstanding volunteer.‎ I would appreciate you if you could take my request into consideration.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第一处：which→that。that在这里引导同位语从句。‎ 第二处：volunteer→volunteers。one of后面接可数名词复数形式。‎ 第三处：orally→oral。形容词修饰名词。‎ 第四处：去掉to。使某人干什么的词组是make sb do sth。‎ 第五处：was→am。介绍自己，应该用一般现在时态。‎ 第六处：Aimed→Aiming。现在分词作状语，它与主语之间是主动关系。‎ 第七处：whichever→whatever。我们所需的任何东西而不是我们所需要的哪一个东西。‎ 第八处：在I前加上and。祈使句加上and再加一个句子，这是一个句型。‎ 第九处：preparation→preparations。make preparations（for sth）是固定词组。‎ 第十处：you→it。I would appreciate it if从句是固定句型。‎ ‎5. 【河北省廊坊市2017届高三上学期期末】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ Students should wear school uniforms. First, it was school uniforms that can create unity and pride between students. Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot afforded nice clothing, he does not have to worry about if he is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy or the poor is closed because they all look a same. Other may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from think freely. However, it is clear that when there are more advantages than disadvantages.‎ ‎【答案】Students should wear school uniforms. First, it school uniforms that can create unity and pride students. Second,avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot nice clothing, he does not have to worry abouthe is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy the poor is closed because they all look same.may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from freely. However, it is clear thatwhenthere are more advantages than disadvantages.‎ 第四处：情态动词cannot后面接动词原形。故afforded改成afford。‎ 第五处：介词about后面是宾语从句，介词后面不能用if引导宾语从句，用whether。故if改成whether。‎ 第六处：使用between…and…意为“……和……之间”。故or改成and。‎ 第七处：same前面一定要用定冠词。故a改成the。‎ 第八处：other表示“其它的”，others表示“其他人”。故other改成others。‎ 第九处：介词from后面接动名词，故think改成thinking。‎ 第十处：句意：很清楚优点比缺点多。that引导主语从句，it是形式主语，when多余。故去掉when。‎