2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit6Design练习北师大版 12页

Unit 6 Design 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·安庆高三模拟)‎ Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge This modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February, following a twoyear redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe, a fourfloor education wing and improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors. The gallery’s permanent collection includes works of Joan Miró， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.‎ Being Brunel, Bristol To celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristol’s harbourside. The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions, including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.‎ Royal Academy of Arts, London The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary, following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries, which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade(正面) of the Burlington Gardens building has also been restored—possibly the first time it’s had a proper clean in its 150year history.‎ V&A, Dundee One of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotland’s first designed museum—and also the first V&A anywhere outside of London—on 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay. It will celebrate Scottish designs and objects in its collection.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了四个艺术画廊(博物馆)的特点、展出的内容等。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Being Brunel?‎ A．It has a long school report.‎ B．It includes three galleries.‎ 12‎ C．It is familyfriendly.‎ D．It possesses permanent collections.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据Being Brunel, Bristol中最后一句“It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.”可知，Being Brunel是一个家庭友好型博物馆。故选C。‎ ‎2．The purpose of the RA reopening is________．‎ A．to expand the exhibition B．to mark its 250th anniversary C．to display contemporary art D．to present its 150year history B　解析：细节理解题。根据Royal Academy of Arts, London部分中的“The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary, following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme.”可知，RA重新开放的目的是纪念其成立250周年。故选B。‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To attract more visitors to the UK.‎ B．To compare different tourist attractions.‎ C．To describe some famous museums and artists.‎ D．To introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums.‎ D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一些著名的艺术博物馆和画廊的开幕。故选D。‎ B ‎(2020·大连高三双基测试)In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.‎ People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.‎ I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas 12‎ ‎(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.‎ To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?‎ To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。‎ ‎4．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．‎ A．is not an art form B．is too simple to be considered art C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。‎ ‎5．The author argues that graffiti ________．‎ A．is the only art form that is free B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places D　解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。‎ ‎6．The author concludes his passage by ________．‎ 12‎ A．restating his position B．questioning the magazine C．offering an answer to the matter D．identifying the benefits of graffiti C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·淮南高三质检)The happy new mother asked eagerly to see her baby. However, when she looked at his tiny face, she was __1__. The baby had been born without __2__．‎ Fortunately, time __3__ that the baby’s hearing was perfect except his ruined appearance. He grew up, __4__ if there were not his misfortune. As a favorite with his classmates, he might have been class president, __5__ the misfortune. He developed a talent for literature and music. His parents __6__hoped that he had a perfect life.‎ One day, his father spoke with the doctor, “Could __7__ be done？” “I believe I could __8__ a pair of outer ears __9__ they could be accessible.” The doctor decided. Therefore the __10__ began for a person who would make such a sacrifice.‎ Two years went by. One day, his father said to the son, “You’re going to the __11__， son. We have someone who will __12__ the ears you need. But the identity of the donor is a secret.”‎ The operation was a brilliant __13__， and a new person turned up. His talents blossomed into genius. Later, he married and entered the Diplomatic Service. One day, he asked his father, “Who gave me the ears? Who gave me so much? I could never do __14__ for him or her.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father, “but the agreement was that you are not __15__．..not yet.”‎ The secret was __16__ for years, but the day did come. He stood with his father beside his mother’s casket(棺材). Slowly, __17__， the father reached out his hand and raised the thick, reddishbrown __18__ to find that the mother had no outer ears.‎ ‎“Mother said she was __19__ she never had her hair cut，” his father whispered, “and nobody ever thought Mother less __20__， did they？”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位母亲给有生理缺陷的儿子捐献外耳的感人故事。‎ ‎1．A.angry　　　　　　　　 B．embarrassed 12‎ C．shocked D．curious C　解析：根据下文中的“Fortunately, time ______ that the baby’s hearing was perfect except his ruined appearance.”可推知，这个婴儿出生时没有耳朵(ears)，初为人母的幸福的妈妈看到有缺陷的孩子时很震惊(shocked)。‎ ‎2．A.eyes B．feet C．fingers D．ears D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎3．A.proved B．lasted C．flew D．ignored A　解析：根据该句中的“Fortunately”可推知，时间证明(proved)这个容貌有缺陷的婴儿听力是完好的，故选A。‎ ‎4．A.tall B．handsome C．short D．badlooking B　解析：根据上文中的“his ruined appearance”，并结合空后的“if there were not his misfortune”可推知，孩子要不是容貌上的缺陷应该是很帅气的(handsome)，故选B。‎ ‎5．A.with B．in spite of C．for D．but for D　解析：与上文中的“if there were not his misfortune”呼应可推知，此处表示惋惜，故选D。but for “要不是”。‎ ‎6．A.still B．hardly C．almost D．ever A　解析：根据上文可知，容貌上有缺陷的孩子很有才华，也为同学们所喜欢，在文学和音乐方面很有天赋，但是他的父母还是(still)希望他有一个完美的人生，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.somebody B．everything C．nobody D．nothing D　解析：根据上文中的“His parents ______hoped that he had a perfect life.”可推知，此处表示他的父亲问医生难道就没有补救方法了吗？故选D。‎ ‎8．A.operate B．destroy C．transplant D．repair C　解析：根据上文并结合语境可知，男孩的父亲询问医生有没有补救方法，医生决定给他移植(transplant)一对耳朵。与下文中的“The operation was a brilliant ______， and a new person turned up.”呼应，故选C。‎ ‎9．A.if B．while C．although D．since 12‎ A　解析：根据语境可推知，此处表示如果有可用的耳朵，医生可以给男孩移植一对耳朵，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.experiment B．search C．analysis D．operation B　解析：根据语境可推知，他们开始寻找能够捐献耳朵的人。故选B。‎ ‎11．A.school B．library C．hospital D．bedroom C　解析：根据下文中的“But the identity of the donor is a secret.”可推知，耳朵捐献(donate)者找到了，父亲告诉儿子可以去医院(hospital)进行移植手术了。‎ ‎12．A.donate B．repair C．make D．sell A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎13．A.failure B．success C．honor D．damage B　解析：根据空前的“brilliant”以及空后的“a new person turned up”可推知，手术非常成功。‎ ‎14．A.harm B．enough C．bad D．good B　解析：根据上文男孩问父亲的话可推知，男孩觉得自己为对方做得不够(enough)，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.signed B．realized C．understood D．allowed D　解析：根据上文中的“But the identity of the donor is a secret.”可知，捐献人的身份是保密的；并结合下文可推知，男孩并不被允许知道是谁捐献的耳朵，故选D。‎ ‎16．A.changed B．discussed C．spread D．kept D　解析：根据该句中的“but”，并结合下文可推知，捐献者的身份多年来一直保密，但最终揭晓的这一天到来了。‎ ‎17．A.carelessly B．gently C．excitedly D．gradually B　解析：与“Slowly”呼应，并结合上文中的“his mother’s casket(棺材)”可推知，他的父亲慢慢地、轻轻地伸出手，故选B。‎ ‎18．A.skirt B．hand C．hair D．quilt 12‎ C　解析：根据空后的“find that the mother had no outer ears”，并结合下文中的“Mother said she was ______ she never had her hair cut”可推知，男孩的父亲伸手去把男孩母亲的头发(hair)拢起来。‎ ‎19．A.depressed B．worried C．glad D．regretful C　解析：根据语境可推知，母亲乐意(glad)为儿子牺牲，甘愿不剪头发，故选C。‎ ‎20．A.beautiful B．ugly C．respectable D．fashionable A　解析：根据语境可推知，此处表示没有人说男孩的母亲不漂亮，故选A。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇读后续写 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·北京房山区高三模拟)A walk through the galleries of Quebec’s Montreal Museum of Fine Arts(MMFA) places individuals facetoface with some 43，000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics to Inuit sculpture.‎ While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience, a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe(开处方) museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.‎ ‎“We know that art contributes to neural(神经的) activity，” said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil. “What we see is that being in contact with art can really help your wellbeing.”‎ Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood.‎ According to Boyer, the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise, making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.‎ The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods. As Bondil notes, spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction. “What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain，” she says. “When you enter the museum, you escape from the speed of our daily 12‎ ‎ life.”‎ ‎“I am convinced that in the 21st century, culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，” said Bondil. “Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们受到艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。‎ ‎1．What does Hélène Boyer think of museum visits?‎ A．They can cheer people up.‎ B．They can reduce physical activity.‎ C．They can slow down our life pace.‎ D．They can increase levels of art appreciation.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montrealbased medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter(神经递质) known as the ‘happy chemical’ which helps to lift the mood.”可知，一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hélène Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪。据此可知，Hélène Boyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．How do museum visits affect people?‎ A．Stop them concentrating on pain.‎ B．Stop them focusing on traditional methods.‎ C．Encourage them not to be absentminded.‎ D．Encourage them to slow their steps while walking.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain”可知，参观博物馆可以让人们逃避痛苦，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the last paragraph suggest?‎ A．Physical activity was popular in the 19th century.‎ B．Sports are considered to be harmful to the body.‎ C．Ideas of treating illnesses are changing over time.‎ D．Doctors prescribe museum visits regularly now.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后两句“Some people would do well to recall that ‎ 12‎ just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”可知，在19世纪，体育运动被认为对身体有害。现在，就像医生给病人开运动处方一样，他们将能给病人开去蒙特利尔美术博物馆参观的处方。据此可推知，治疗疾病的方法随着时间的变化而改变，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．Museum visits are ideal for the elderly.‎ B．The happy chemical helps to lift the mood.‎ C．Peaceful environment helps escape pain.‎ D．Cultural activities will promote health.‎ D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过描述参观蒙特利尔美术博物馆引入本文话题，接着介绍当地医生将给病人开参观博物馆的处方来治疗一些疾病，艺术欣赏对人的健康的积极作用，也就是说文化活动可以促进健康，故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·成都摸底)Selfdriving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than humandriven cars. But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.‎ Crash statistics for humandriven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations, and on all types of roads. However, most of the data on selfdriving cars’ safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car’s own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.‎ It is true that selfdriving cars don’t get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk. But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver. Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.‎ To a selfdriving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited cornfield. Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system’s limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate(评估) a situation the same way a human would. And machines can’t be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.‎ 12‎ Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation(航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.‎ Therefore comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it’s important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a oneforone exchange.‎ ‎【解题导语】　自动驾驶汽车一直被推崇，人们希望这些汽车通过比人类驾驶汽车更少地带来伤亡和撞车来挽救生命，但是目前大多数人类司机和自动化汽车之间的比较是不公平的，我们应该综合考虑各种因素，确保收集的数据的可比较性，从而真实、客观地评价自动驾驶汽车。‎ ‎5．What makes the comparison between selfdriving cars and humandriven cars unfair?‎ A．Selfdriving cars never get tired.‎ B．Statistics are collected differently.‎ C．Machines can make decisions faster.‎ D．Selfdriving cars know the world better.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段第一、二句的内容可知，人类驾驶汽车和自动驾驶汽车的碰撞事故的数据收集情况不同，不能公平比较，故选B项。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Selfdriving cars.‎ C．Pedestrians. D．Humandriven cars.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的“rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road”并结合画线词所在句可知，自动驾驶汽车没有预见能力来避免潜在的危险；由此可推知，画线词意为“危险”，故选A项。‎ ‎7．In which aspect can selfdriving cars beat humandriven cars?‎ A．Driving steadily.‎ B．Climbing steep slopes.‎ C．Evaluating the cost of loss.‎ D．Making complex decisions.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“It is true that selfdriving cars don’t get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk.”可推知，在驾驶的稳定性方面，‎ 12‎ 自动驾驶汽车胜过人类驾驶汽车，故选A项。‎ ‎8．Why does the author write this text?‎ A．To support humandriven cars.‎ B．To show his doubt about selfdriving cars.‎ C．To call for exact evaluation of selfdriving cars.‎ D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.‎ C　解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars...actually provide a true comparison.”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们对自动驾驶汽车做出准确的评价。故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.读后续写 ‎(2020·山东栖霞二中期末)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ I was driving to a business appointment and, as usual, I was planning in my mind what I was going to say. I came to a very busy crossing where the traffic light had just turned red.“All right，”I thought to myself，“I can beat the next light if I race ahead when the light changed.”‎ My mind and car were ready to go when suddenly my thought was broken by an unforgettable sight. A young couple，both blind, were walking arminarm across this busy crossing with cars racing by in every direction. The man was holding the hand of a little boy, while the woman was carrying a baby on her chest. Each of them had a white cane(手杖) directing them across the crossing.‎ I was moved. They were overcoming one of the most terrible disabilities—blindness. Suddenly my thought was interrupted by horror when I saw that the couple was not walking in the crosswalk(斑马线), but was instead walking directly toward the middle of the crossing. Not realizing the danger they were in, they were walking right into the path(路线) of oncoming cars. I was deeply concerned for the family because I didn’t know if the other drivers understood what was happening.‎ Paragraph 1：‎ As I watched, something amazing happened before my eyes.________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 12‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2：‎ The couple realized what was happening._______________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Paragraph 1：‎ As I watched, something amazing happened before my eyes. Each car in every direction came to a stop. I hardly heard the noises of hard brakes or the horns. Nobody shouted “Get out of the way！” to them. Everything froze. In that moment, time seemed to stand still for this family. Amazed, I noticed that everyone’s attention was fixed on the couple. Suddenly the driver to my right reacted. Sticking his head out of his car, he shouted to the couple，“To your right. To your right！”Some other people joined him, shouting，“To your right！”‎ Paragraph 2：‎ The couple realized what was happening. So they adjusted their course as they followed the drivers’ instructions. Depending on their canes and the calls from some concerned people, they made it to the other side of the road. As they stepped onto the sidewalk, one thing struck me—they both turned around, gave a deep bow to all of us and then went on their way.‎ 12‎